glibc/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/e_lgamma_r.c

/* @(#)er_lgamma.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
 * ====================================================
 * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
 * is preserved.
 * ====================================================
 */

/* __ieee754_lgamma_r(x, signgamp)
 * Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
 * with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
 *
 * Method:
 *   1. Argument Reduction for 0 < x <= 8
 *	Since gamma(1+s)=s*gamma(s), for x in [0,8], we may
 *	reduce x to a number in [1.5,2.5] by
 *		lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s)
 *	for example,
 *		lgamma(7.3) = log(6.3) + lgamma(6.3)
 *			    = log(6.3*5.3) + lgamma(5.3)
 *			    = log(6.3*5.3*4.3*3.3*2.3) + lgamma(2.3)
 *   2. Polynomial approximation of lgamma around its
 *	minimum ymin=1.461632144968362245 to maintain monotonicity.
 *	On [ymin-0.23, ymin+0.27] (i.e., [1.23164,1.73163]), use
 *		Let z = x-ymin;
 *		lgamma(x) = -1.214862905358496078218 + z^2*poly(z)
 *	where
 *		poly(z) is a 14 degree polynomial.
 *   2. Rational approximation in the primary interval [2,3]
 *	We use the following approximation:
 *		s = x-2.0;
 *		lgamma(x) = 0.5*s + s*P(s)/Q(s)
 *	with accuracy
 *		|P/Q - (lgamma(x)-0.5s)| < 2**-61.71
 *	Our algorithms are based on the following observation
 *
 *                             zeta(2)-1    2    zeta(3)-1    3
 * lgamma(2+s) = s*(1-Euler) + --------- * s  -  --------- * s  + ...
 *                                 2                 3
 *
 *	where Euler = 0.5771... is the Euler constant, which is very
 *	close to 0.5.
 *
 *   3. For x>=8, we have
 *	lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)log(x)-x+0.5*log(2pi)+1/(12x)-1/(360x**3)+....
 *	(better formula:
 *	   lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)*(log(x)-1)-.5*(log(2pi)-1) + ...)
 *	Let z = 1/x, then we approximation
 *		f(z) = lgamma(x) - (x-0.5)(log(x)-1)
 *	by
 *				    3       5             11
 *		w = w0 + w1*z + w2*z  + w3*z  + ... + w6*z
 *	where
 *		|w - f(z)| < 2**-58.74
 *
 *   4. For negative x, since (G is gamma function)
 *		-x*G(-x)*G(x) = pi/sin(pi*x),
 *	we have
 *		G(x) = pi/(sin(pi*x)*(-x)*G(-x))
 *	since G(-x) is positive, sign(G(x)) = sign(sin(pi*x)) for x<0
 *	Hence, for x<0, signgam = sign(sin(pi*x)) and
 *		lgamma(x) = log(|Gamma(x)|)
 *			  = log(pi/(|x*sin(pi*x)|)) - lgamma(-x);
 *	Note: one should avoid compute pi*(-x) directly in the
 *	      computation of sin(pi*(-x)).
 *
 *   5. Special Cases
 *		lgamma(2+s) ~ s*(1-Euler) for tiny s
 *		lgamma(1)=lgamma(2)=0
 *		lgamma(x) ~ -log(x) for tiny x
 *		lgamma(0) = lgamma(inf) = inf
 *		lgamma(-integer) = +-inf
 *
 */

#include <math.h>
#include <math-narrow-eval.h>
#include <math_private.h>
#include <libc-diag.h>
#include <libm-alias-finite.h>

static const double
two52=  4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0x43300000, 0x00000000 */
half=  5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one =  1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi  =  3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
a0  =  7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0x3FB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
a1  =  3.22467033424113591611e-01, /* 0x3FD4A34C, 0xC4A60FAD */
a2  =  6.73523010531292681824e-02, /* 0x3FB13E00, 0x1A5562A7 */
a3  =  2.05808084325167332806e-02, /* 0x3F951322, 0xAC92547B */
a4  =  7.38555086081402883957e-03, /* 0x3F7E404F, 0xB68FEFE8 */
a5  =  2.89051383673415629091e-03, /* 0x3F67ADD8, 0xCCB7926B */
a6  =  1.19270763183362067845e-03, /* 0x3F538A94, 0x116F3F5D */
a7  =  5.10069792153511336608e-04, /* 0x3F40B6C6, 0x89B99C00 */
a8  =  2.20862790713908385557e-04, /* 0x3F2CF2EC, 0xED10E54D */
a9  =  1.08011567247583939954e-04, /* 0x3F1C5088, 0x987DFB07 */
a10 =  2.52144565451257326939e-05, /* 0x3EFA7074, 0x428CFA52 */
a11 =  4.48640949618915160150e-05, /* 0x3F07858E, 0x90A45837 */
tc  =  1.46163214496836224576e+00, /* 0x3FF762D8, 0x6356BE3F */
tf  = -1.21486290535849611461e-01, /* 0xBFBF19B9, 0xBCC38A42 */
/* tt = -(tail of tf) */
tt  = -3.63867699703950536541e-18, /* 0xBC50C7CA, 0xA48A971F */
t0  =  4.83836122723810047042e-01, /* 0x3FDEF72B, 0xC8EE38A2 */
t1  = -1.47587722994593911752e-01, /* 0xBFC2E427, 0x8DC6C509 */
t2  =  6.46249402391333854778e-02, /* 0x3FB08B42, 0x94D5419B */
t3  = -3.27885410759859649565e-02, /* 0xBFA0C9A8, 0xDF35B713 */
t4  =  1.79706750811820387126e-02, /* 0x3F9266E7, 0x970AF9EC */
t5  = -1.03142241298341437450e-02, /* 0xBF851F9F, 0xBA91EC6A */
t6  =  6.10053870246291332635e-03, /* 0x3F78FCE0, 0xE370E344 */
t7  = -3.68452016781138256760e-03, /* 0xBF6E2EFF, 0xB3E914D7 */
t8  =  2.25964780900612472250e-03, /* 0x3F6282D3, 0x2E15C915 */
t9  = -1.40346469989232843813e-03, /* 0xBF56FE8E, 0xBF2D1AF1 */
t10 =  8.81081882437654011382e-04, /* 0x3F4CDF0C, 0xEF61A8E9 */
t11 = -5.38595305356740546715e-04, /* 0xBF41A610, 0x9C73E0EC */
t12 =  3.15632070903625950361e-04, /* 0x3F34AF6D, 0x6C0EBBF7 */
t13 = -3.12754168375120860518e-04, /* 0xBF347F24, 0xECC38C38 */
t14 =  3.35529192635519073543e-04, /* 0x3F35FD3E, 0xE8C2D3F4 */
u0  = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
u1  =  6.32827064025093366517e-01, /* 0x3FE4401E, 0x8B005DFF */
u2  =  1.45492250137234768737e+00, /* 0x3FF7475C, 0xD119BD6F */
u3  =  9.77717527963372745603e-01, /* 0x3FEF4976, 0x44EA8450 */
u4  =  2.28963728064692451092e-01, /* 0x3FCD4EAE, 0xF6010924 */
u5  =  1.33810918536787660377e-02, /* 0x3F8B678B, 0xBF2BAB09 */
v1  =  2.45597793713041134822e+00, /* 0x4003A5D7, 0xC2BD619C */
v2  =  2.12848976379893395361e+00, /* 0x40010725, 0xA42B18F5 */
v3  =  7.69285150456672783825e-01, /* 0x3FE89DFB, 0xE45050AF */
v4  =  1.04222645593369134254e-01, /* 0x3FBAAE55, 0xD6537C88 */
v5  =  3.21709242282423911810e-03, /* 0x3F6A5ABB, 0x57D0CF61 */
s0  = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
s1  =  2.14982415960608852501e-01, /* 0x3FCB848B, 0x36E20878 */
s2  =  3.25778796408930981787e-01, /* 0x3FD4D98F, 0x4F139F59 */
s3  =  1.46350472652464452805e-01, /* 0x3FC2BB9C, 0xBEE5F2F7 */
s4  =  2.66422703033638609560e-02, /* 0x3F9B481C, 0x7E939961 */
s5  =  1.84028451407337715652e-03, /* 0x3F5E26B6, 0x7368F239 */
s6  =  3.19475326584100867617e-05, /* 0x3F00BFEC, 0xDD17E945 */
r1  =  1.39200533467621045958e+00, /* 0x3FF645A7, 0x62C4AB74 */
r2  =  7.21935547567138069525e-01, /* 0x3FE71A18, 0x93D3DCDC */
r3  =  1.71933865632803078993e-01, /* 0x3FC601ED, 0xCCFBDF27 */
r4  =  1.86459191715652901344e-02, /* 0x3F9317EA, 0x742ED475 */
r5  =  7.77942496381893596434e-04, /* 0x3F497DDA, 0xCA41A95B */
r6  =  7.32668430744625636189e-06, /* 0x3EDEBAF7, 0xA5B38140 */
w0  =  4.18938533204672725052e-01, /* 0x3FDACFE3, 0x90C97D69 */
w1  =  8.33333333333329678849e-02, /* 0x3FB55555, 0x5555553B */
w2  = -2.77777777728775536470e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16B02E5C */
w3  =  7.93650558643019558500e-04, /* 0x3F4A019F, 0x98CF38B6 */
w4  = -5.95187557450339963135e-04, /* 0xBF4380CB, 0x8C0FE741 */
w5  =  8.36339918996282139126e-04, /* 0x3F4B67BA, 0x4CDAD5D1 */
w6  = -1.63092934096575273989e-03; /* 0xBF5AB89D, 0x0B9E43E4 */

static const double zero=  0.00000000000000000000e+00;

static double
sin_pi(double x)
{
	double y,z;
	int n,ix;

	GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
	ix &= 0x7fffffff;

	if(ix<0x3fd00000) return __sin(pi*x);
	y = -x;		/* x is assume negative */

    /*
     * argument reduction, make sure inexact flag not raised if input
     * is an integer
     */
	z = floor(y);
	if(z!=y) {				/* inexact anyway */
	    y  *= 0.5;
	    y   = 2.0*(y - floor(y));		/* y = |x| mod 2.0 */
	    n   = (int) (y*4.0);
	} else {
	    if(ix>=0x43400000) {
		y = zero; n = 0;                 /* y must be even */
	    } else {
		if(ix<0x43300000) z = y+two52;	/* exact */
		GET_LOW_WORD(n,z);
		n &= 1;
		y  = n;
		n<<= 2;
	    }
	}
	switch (n) {
	    case 0:   y =  __sin(pi*y); break;
	    case 1:
	    case 2:   y =  __cos(pi*(0.5-y)); break;
	    case 3:
	    case 4:   y =  __sin(pi*(one-y)); break;
	    case 5:
	    case 6:   y = -__cos(pi*(y-1.5)); break;
	    default:  y =  __sin(pi*(y-2.0)); break;
	    }
	return -y;
}


double
__ieee754_lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
{
	double t,y,z,nadj,p,p1,p2,p3,q,r,w;
	int i,hx,lx,ix;

	EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);

    /* purge off +-inf, NaN, +-0, and negative arguments */
	*signgamp = 1;
	ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
	if(__builtin_expect(ix>=0x7ff00000, 0)) return x*x;
	if(__builtin_expect((ix|lx)==0, 0))
	  {
	    if (hx < 0)
	      *signgamp = -1;
	    return one/fabs(x);
	  }
	if(__builtin_expect(ix<0x3b900000, 0)) {
	    /* |x|<2**-70, return -log(|x|) */
	    if(hx<0) {
		*signgamp = -1;
		return -__ieee754_log(-x);
	    } else return -__ieee754_log(x);
	}
	if(hx<0) {
	    if(__builtin_expect(ix>=0x43300000, 0))
		/* |x|>=2**52, must be -integer */
		return fabs (x)/zero;
	    if (x < -2.0 && x > -28.0)
		return __lgamma_neg (x, signgamp);
	    t = sin_pi(x);
	    if(t==zero) return one/fabsf(t); /* -integer */
	    nadj = __ieee754_log(pi/fabs(t*x));
	    if(t<zero) *signgamp = -1;
	    x = -x;
	}

    /* purge off 1 and 2 */
	if((((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)||(((ix-0x40000000)|lx)==0)) r = 0;
    /* for x < 2.0 */
	else if(ix<0x40000000) {
	    if(ix<=0x3feccccc) {	/* lgamma(x) = lgamma(x+1)-log(x) */
		r = -__ieee754_log(x);
		if(ix>=0x3FE76944) {y = one-x; i= 0;}
		else if(ix>=0x3FCDA661) {y= x-(tc-one); i=1;}
		else {y = x; i=2;}
	    } else {
		r = zero;
		if(ix>=0x3FFBB4C3) {y=2.0-x;i=0;} /* [1.7316,2] */
		else if(ix>=0x3FF3B4C4) {y=x-tc;i=1;} /* [1.23,1.73] */
		else {y=x-one;i=2;}
	    }
	    switch(i) {
	      case 0:
		z = y*y;
		p1 = a0+z*(a2+z*(a4+z*(a6+z*(a8+z*a10))));
		p2 = z*(a1+z*(a3+z*(a5+z*(a7+z*(a9+z*a11)))));
		p  = y*p1+p2;
		r  += (p-0.5*y); break;
	      case 1:
		z = y*y;
		w = z*y;
		p1 = t0+w*(t3+w*(t6+w*(t9 +w*t12)));	/* parallel comp */
		p2 = t1+w*(t4+w*(t7+w*(t10+w*t13)));
		p3 = t2+w*(t5+w*(t8+w*(t11+w*t14)));
		p  = z*p1-(tt-w*(p2+y*p3));
		r += (tf + p); break;
	      case 2:
		p1 = y*(u0+y*(u1+y*(u2+y*(u3+y*(u4+y*u5)))));
		p2 = one+y*(v1+y*(v2+y*(v3+y*(v4+y*v5))));
		r += (-0.5*y + p1/p2);
	    }
	}
	else if(ix<0x40200000) {			/* x < 8.0 */
	    i = (int)x;
	    t = zero;
	    y = x-(double)i;
	    p = y*(s0+y*(s1+y*(s2+y*(s3+y*(s4+y*(s5+y*s6))))));
	    q = one+y*(r1+y*(r2+y*(r3+y*(r4+y*(r5+y*r6)))));
	    r = half*y+p/q;
	    z = one;	/* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s) */
	    switch(i) {
	    case 7: z *= (y+6.0);	/* FALLTHRU */
	    case 6: z *= (y+5.0);	/* FALLTHRU */
	    case 5: z *= (y+4.0);	/* FALLTHRU */
	    case 4: z *= (y+3.0);	/* FALLTHRU */
	    case 3: z *= (y+2.0);	/* FALLTHRU */
		    r += __ieee754_log(z); break;
	    }
    /* 8.0 <= x < 2**58 */
	} else if (ix < 0x43900000) {
	    t = __ieee754_log(x);
	    z = one/x;
	    y = z*z;
	    w = w0+z*(w1+y*(w2+y*(w3+y*(w4+y*(w5+y*w6)))));
	    r = (x-half)*(t-one)+w;
	} else
    /* 2**58 <= x <= inf */
	    r =  math_narrow_eval (x*(__ieee754_log(x)-one));
	/* NADJ is set for negative arguments but not otherwise,
	   resulting in warnings that it may be used uninitialized
	   although in the cases where it is used it has always been
	   set.  */
	DIAG_PUSH_NEEDS_COMMENT;
	DIAG_IGNORE_NEEDS_COMMENT (4.9, "-Wmaybe-uninitialized");
	if(hx<0) r = nadj - r;
	DIAG_POP_NEEDS_COMMENT;
	return r;
}
libm_alias_finite (__ieee754_lgamma_r, __lgamma_r)