glibc/manual/examples/argp-ex3.c

/* Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp
   Copyright (C) 1991-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

/* This program uses the same features as example 2, and uses options and
   arguments.

   We now use the first four fields in ARGP, so here's a description of them:
     OPTIONS  -- A pointer to a vector of struct argp_option (see below)
     PARSER   -- A function to parse a single option, called by argp
     ARGS_DOC -- A string describing how the non-option arguments should look
     DOC      -- A descriptive string about this program; if it contains a
                 vertical tab character (\v), the part after it will be
                 printed *following* the options

   The function PARSER takes the following arguments:
     KEY  -- An integer specifying which option this is (taken
             from the KEY field in each struct argp_option), or
             a special key specifying something else; the only
             special keys we use here are ARGP_KEY_ARG, meaning
             a non-option argument, and ARGP_KEY_END, meaning
             that all arguments have been parsed
     ARG  -- For an option KEY, the string value of its
             argument, or NULL if it has none
     STATE-- A pointer to a struct argp_state, containing
             various useful information about the parsing state; used here
             are the INPUT field, which reflects the INPUT argument to
             argp_parse, and the ARG_NUM field, which is the number of the
             current non-option argument being parsed
   It should return either 0, meaning success, ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN, meaning the
   given KEY wasn't recognized, or an errno value indicating some other
   error.

   Note that in this example, main uses a structure to communicate with the
   parse_opt function, a pointer to which it passes in the INPUT argument to
   argp_parse.  Of course, it's also possible to use global variables
   instead, but this is somewhat more flexible.

   The OPTIONS field contains a pointer to a vector of struct argp_option's;
   that structure has the following fields (if you assign your option
   structures using array initialization like this example, unspecified
   fields will be defaulted to 0, and need not be specified):
     NAME   -- The name of this option's long option (may be zero)
     KEY    -- The KEY to pass to the PARSER function when parsing this option,
               *and* the name of this option's short option, if it is a
               printable ascii character
     ARG    -- The name of this option's argument, if any
     FLAGS  -- Flags describing this option; some of them are:
                 OPTION_ARG_OPTIONAL -- The argument to this option is optional
                 OPTION_ALIAS        -- This option is an alias for the
                                        previous option
                 OPTION_HIDDEN       -- Don't show this option in --help output
     DOC    -- A documentation string for this option, shown in --help output

   An options vector should be terminated by an option with all fields zero. */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <argp.h>

const char *argp_program_version =
  "argp-ex3 1.0";
const char *argp_program_bug_address =
  "<bug-gnu-utils@@gnu.org>";

/* Program documentation.  */
static char doc[] =
  "Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp";

/* A description of the arguments we accept.  */
static char args_doc[] = "ARG1 ARG2";

/* The options we understand.  */
static struct argp_option options[] = {
  {"verbose",  'v', 0,      0,  "Produce verbose output" },
  {"quiet",    'q', 0,      0,  "Don't produce any output" },
  {"silent",   's', 0,      OPTION_ALIAS },
  {"output",   'o', "FILE", 0,
   "Output to FILE instead of standard output" },
  { 0 }
};

/* Used by @code{main} to communicate with @code{parse_opt}.  */
struct arguments
{
  char *args[2];		/* @var{arg1} & @var{arg2} */
  int silent, verbose;
  char *output_file;
};

/* Parse a single option.  */
static error_t
parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
{
  /* Get the @var{input} argument from @code{argp_parse}, which we
     know is a pointer to our arguments structure.  */
  struct arguments *arguments = state->input;

  switch (key)
    {
    case 'q': case 's':
      arguments->silent = 1;
      break;
    case 'v':
      arguments->verbose = 1;
      break;
    case 'o':
      arguments->output_file = arg;
      break;

    case ARGP_KEY_ARG:
      if (state->arg_num >= 2)
	/* Too many arguments.  */
	argp_usage (state);

      arguments->args[state->arg_num] = arg;

      break;

    case ARGP_KEY_END:
      if (state->arg_num < 2)
	/* Not enough arguments.  */
	argp_usage (state);
      break;

    default:
      return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Our argp parser.  */
static struct argp argp = { options, parse_opt, args_doc, doc };

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  struct arguments arguments;

  /* Default values.  */
  arguments.silent = 0;
  arguments.verbose = 0;
  arguments.output_file = "-";

  /* Parse our arguments; every option seen by @code{parse_opt} will
     be reflected in @code{arguments}.  */
  argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, &arguments);

  printf ("ARG1 = %s\nARG2 = %s\nOUTPUT_FILE = %s\n"
	  "VERBOSE = %s\nSILENT = %s\n",
	  arguments.args[0], arguments.args[1],
	  arguments.output_file,
	  arguments.verbose ? "yes" : "no",
	  arguments.silent ? "yes" : "no");

  exit (0);
}