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everybody can read UTF-8.
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Paul Eggert 2023-06-29 09:20:41 -07:00 committed by Siddhesh Poyarekar
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commit 84e93afc73
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INSTALL
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@ -15,98 +15,98 @@ Configuring and compiling the GNU C Library
The GNU C Library cannot be compiled in the source directory. You must The GNU C Library cannot be compiled in the source directory. You must
build it in a separate build directory. For example, if you have build it in a separate build directory. For example, if you have
unpacked the GNU C Library sources in '/src/gnu/glibc-VERSION', create a unpacked the GNU C Library sources in ‘/src/gnu/glibc-VERSION’, create a
directory '/src/gnu/glibc-build' to put the object files in. This directory ‘/src/gnu/glibc-build’ to put the object files in. This
allows removing the whole build directory in case an error occurs, which allows removing the whole build directory in case an error occurs, which
is the safest way to get a fresh start and should always be done. is the safest way to get a fresh start and should always be done.
From your object directory, run the shell script 'configure' located From your object directory, run the shell script ‘configure’ located
at the top level of the source tree. In the scenario above, you'd type at the top level of the source tree. In the scenario above, you’d type
$ ../glibc-VERSION/configure ARGS... $ ../glibc-VERSION/configure ARGS...
Please note that even though you're building in a separate build Please note that even though you’re building in a separate build
directory, the compilation may need to create or modify files and directory, the compilation may need to create or modify files and
directories in the source directory. directories in the source directory.
'configure' takes many options, but the only one that is usually ‘configure’ takes many options, but the only one that is usually
mandatory is '--prefix'. This option tells 'configure' where you want mandatory is ‘--prefix’. This option tells ‘configure’ where you want
the GNU C Library installed. This defaults to '/usr/local', but the the GNU C Library installed. This defaults to ‘/usr/local’, but the
normal setting to install as the standard system library is normal setting to install as the standard system library is
'--prefix=/usr' for GNU/Linux systems and '--prefix=' (an empty prefix) ‘--prefix=/usr’ for GNU/Linux systems and ‘--prefix=’ (an empty prefix)
for GNU/Hurd systems. for GNU/Hurd systems.
It may also be useful to pass 'CC=COMPILER' and 'CFLAGS=FLAGS' It may also be useful to pass ‘CC=COMPILER’ and ‘CFLAGS=FLAGS’
arguments to 'configure'. 'CC' selects the C compiler that will be arguments to ‘configure’. ‘CC’ selects the C compiler that will be
used, and 'CFLAGS' sets optimization options for the compiler. Any used, and ‘CFLAGS’ sets optimization options for the compiler. Any
compiler options required for all compilations, such as options compiler options required for all compilations, such as options
selecting an ABI or a processor for which to generate code, should be selecting an ABI or a processor for which to generate code, should be
included in 'CC'. Options that may be overridden by the GNU C Library included in ‘CC’. Options that may be overridden by the GNU C Library
build system for particular files, such as for optimization and build system for particular files, such as for optimization and
debugging, should go in 'CFLAGS'. The default value of 'CFLAGS' is '-g debugging, should go in ‘CFLAGS’. The default value of ‘CFLAGS’ is ‘-g
-O2', and the GNU C Library cannot be compiled without optimization, so -O2’, and the GNU C Library cannot be compiled without optimization, so
if 'CFLAGS' is specified it must enable optimization. For example: if ‘CFLAGS’ is specified it must enable optimization. For example:
$ ../glibc-VERSION/configure CC="gcc -m32" CFLAGS="-O3" $ ../glibc-VERSION/configure CC="gcc -m32" CFLAGS="-O3"
The following list describes all of the available options for The following list describes all of the available options for
'configure': ‘configure’:
'--prefix=DIRECTORY' ‘--prefix=DIRECTORY’
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
'DIRECTORY'. The default is to install in '/usr/local'. ‘DIRECTORY’. The default is to install in ‘/usr/local’.
'--exec-prefix=DIRECTORY' ‘--exec-prefix=DIRECTORY’
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in Install the library and other machine-dependent files in
subdirectories of 'DIRECTORY'. The default is to the '--prefix' subdirectories of ‘DIRECTORY’. The default is to the ‘--prefix’
directory if that option is specified, or '/usr/local' otherwise. directory if that option is specified, or ‘/usr/local’ otherwise.
'--with-headers=DIRECTORY' ‘--with-headers=DIRECTORY’
Look for kernel header files in DIRECTORY, not '/usr/include'. The Look for kernel header files in DIRECTORY, not ‘/usr/include’. The
GNU C Library needs information from the kernel's header files GNU C Library needs information from the kernel’s header files
describing the interface to the kernel. The GNU C Library will describing the interface to the kernel. The GNU C Library will
normally look in '/usr/include' for them, but if you specify this normally look in ‘/usr/include’ for them, but if you specify this
option, it will look in DIRECTORY instead. option, it will look in DIRECTORY instead.
This option is primarily of use on a system where the headers in This option is primarily of use on a system where the headers in
'/usr/include' come from an older version of the GNU C Library. ‘/usr/include’ come from an older version of the GNU C Library.
Conflicts can occasionally happen in this case. You can also use Conflicts can occasionally happen in this case. You can also use
this option if you want to compile the GNU C Library with a newer this option if you want to compile the GNU C Library with a newer
set of kernel headers than the ones found in '/usr/include'. set of kernel headers than the ones found in ‘/usr/include’.
'--enable-kernel=VERSION' ‘--enable-kernel=VERSION’
This option is currently only useful on GNU/Linux systems. The This option is currently only useful on GNU/Linux systems. The
VERSION parameter should have the form X.Y.Z and describes the VERSION parameter should have the form X.Y.Z and describes the
smallest version of the Linux kernel the generated library is smallest version of the Linux kernel the generated library is
expected to support. The higher the VERSION number is, the less expected to support. The higher the VERSION number is, the less
compatibility code is added, and the faster the code gets. compatibility code is added, and the faster the code gets.
'--with-binutils=DIRECTORY' ‘--with-binutils=DIRECTORY’
Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in 'DIRECTORY', not the Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in ‘DIRECTORY’, not the
ones the C compiler would default to. You can use this option if ones the C compiler would default to. You can use this option if
the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the
constructs in the GNU C Library. In that case, 'configure' will constructs in the GNU C Library. In that case, ‘configure’ will
detect the problem and suppress these constructs, so that the detect the problem and suppress these constructs, so that the
library will still be usable, but functionality may be lost--for library will still be usable, but functionality may be lost—for
example, you can't build a shared libc with old binutils. example, you can’t build a shared libc with old binutils.
'--with-nonshared-cflags=CFLAGS' ‘--with-nonshared-cflags=CFLAGS’
Use additional compiler flags CFLAGS to build the parts of the Use additional compiler flags CFLAGS to build the parts of the
library which are always statically linked into applications and library which are always statically linked into applications and
libraries even with shared linking (that is, the object files libraries even with shared linking (that is, the object files
contained in 'lib*_nonshared.a' libraries). The build process will contained in ‘lib*_nonshared.a’ libraries). The build process will
automatically use the appropriate flags, but this option can be automatically use the appropriate flags, but this option can be
used to set additional flags required for building applications and used to set additional flags required for building applications and
libraries, to match local policy. For example, if such a policy libraries, to match local policy. For example, if such a policy
requires that all code linked into applications must be built with requires that all code linked into applications must be built with
source fortification, source fortification,
'--with-nonshared-cflags=-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' will make sure ‘--with-nonshared-cflags=-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2’ will make sure
that the objects in 'libc_nonshared.a' are compiled with this flag that the objects in ‘libc_nonshared.a’ are compiled with this flag
(although this will not affect the generated code in this (although this will not affect the generated code in this
particular case and potentially change debugging information and particular case and potentially change debugging information and
metadata only). metadata only).
'--with-rtld-early-cflags=CFLAGS' ‘--with-rtld-early-cflags=CFLAGS’
Use additional compiler flags CFLAGS to build the early startup Use additional compiler flags CFLAGS to build the early startup
code of the dynamic linker. These flags can be used to enable code of the dynamic linker. These flags can be used to enable
early dynamic linker diagnostics to run on CPUs which are not early dynamic linker diagnostics to run on CPUs which are not
@ -114,18 +114,18 @@ if 'CFLAGS' is specified it must enable optimization. For example:
compiler flags which target a later instruction set architecture compiler flags which target a later instruction set architecture
(ISA). (ISA).
'--with-timeoutfactor=NUM' ‘--with-timeoutfactor=NUM’
Specify an integer NUM to scale the timeout of test programs. This Specify an integer NUM to scale the timeout of test programs. This
factor can be changed at run time using 'TIMEOUTFACTOR' environment factor can be changed at run time using ‘TIMEOUTFACTOR’ environment
variable. variable.
'--disable-shared' ‘--disable-shared’
Don't build shared libraries even if it is possible. Not all Don’t build shared libraries even if it is possible. Not all
systems support shared libraries; you need ELF support and systems support shared libraries; you need ELF support and
(currently) the GNU linker. (currently) the GNU linker.
'--disable-default-pie' ‘--disable-default-pie’
Don't build glibc programs and the testsuite as position Don’t build glibc programs and the testsuite as position
independent executables (PIE). By default, glibc programs and tests independent executables (PIE). By default, glibc programs and tests
are created as position independent executables on targets that are created as position independent executables on targets that
support it. If the toolchain and architecture support it, static support it. If the toolchain and architecture support it, static
@ -133,33 +133,33 @@ if 'CFLAGS' is specified it must enable optimization. For example:
used with the GCC option, -static-pie, which is available with GCC used with the GCC option, -static-pie, which is available with GCC
8 or above, to create static PIE. 8 or above, to create static PIE.
'--enable-cet' ‘--enable-cet’
'--enable-cet=permissive' ‘--enable-cet=permissive’
Enable Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) support. Enable Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) support.
When the GNU C Library is built with '--enable-cet' or When the GNU C Library is built with ‘--enable-cet’ or
'--enable-cet=permissive', the resulting library is protected with ‘--enable-cet=permissive’, the resulting library is protected with
indirect branch tracking (IBT) and shadow stack (SHSTK). When CET indirect branch tracking (IBT) and shadow stack (SHSTK). When CET
is enabled, the GNU C Library is compatible with all existing is enabled, the GNU C Library is compatible with all existing
executables and shared libraries. This feature is currently executables and shared libraries. This feature is currently
supported on i386, x86_64 and x32 with GCC 8 and binutils 2.29 or supported on i386, x86_64 and x32 with GCC 8 and binutils 2.29 or
later. Note that when CET is enabled, the GNU C Library requires later. Note that when CET is enabled, the GNU C Library requires
CPUs capable of multi-byte NOPs, like x86-64 processors as well as CPUs capable of multi-byte NOPs, like x86-64 processors as well as
Intel Pentium Pro or newer. With '--enable-cet', it is an error to Intel Pentium Pro or newer. With ‘--enable-cet’, it is an error to
dlopen a non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application. dlopen a non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application.
With '--enable-cet=permissive', CET is disabled when dlopening a With ‘--enable-cet=permissive’, CET is disabled when dlopening a
non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application. non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application.
NOTE: '--enable-cet' has been tested for i686, x86_64 and x32 on NOTE: ‘--enable-cet’ has been tested for i686, x86_64 and x32 on
non-CET processors. '--enable-cet' has been tested for i686, non-CET processors. ‘--enable-cet’ has been tested for i686,
x86_64 and x32 on CET processors. x86_64 and x32 on CET processors.
'--enable-memory-tagging' ‘--enable-memory-tagging’
Enable memory tagging support if the architecture supports it. Enable memory tagging support if the architecture supports it.
When the GNU C Library is built with this option then the resulting When the GNU C Library is built with this option then the resulting
library will be able to control the use of tagged memory when library will be able to control the use of tagged memory when
hardware support is present by use of the tunable hardware support is present by use of the tunable
'glibc.mem.tagging'. This includes the generation of tagged memory ‘glibc.mem.tagging’. This includes the generation of tagged memory
when using the 'malloc' APIs. when using the ‘malloc’ APIs.
At present only AArch64 platforms with MTE provide this At present only AArch64 platforms with MTE provide this
functionality, although the library will still operate (without functionality, although the library will still operate (without
@ -167,118 +167,118 @@ if 'CFLAGS' is specified it must enable optimization. For example:
The default is to disable support for memory tagging. The default is to disable support for memory tagging.
'--disable-profile' ‘--disable-profile’
Don't build libraries with profiling information. You may want to Don’t build libraries with profiling information. You may want to
use this option if you don't plan to do profiling. use this option if you don’t plan to do profiling.
'--enable-static-nss' ‘--enable-static-nss’
Compile static versions of the NSS (Name Service Switch) libraries. Compile static versions of the NSS (Name Service Switch) libraries.
This is not recommended because it defeats the purpose of NSS; a This is not recommended because it defeats the purpose of NSS; a
program linked statically with the NSS libraries cannot be program linked statically with the NSS libraries cannot be
dynamically reconfigured to use a different name database. dynamically reconfigured to use a different name database.
'--enable-hardcoded-path-in-tests' ‘--enable-hardcoded-path-in-tests’
By default, dynamic tests are linked to run with the installed C By default, dynamic tests are linked to run with the installed C
library. This option hardcodes the newly built C library path in library. This option hardcodes the newly built C library path in
dynamic tests so that they can be invoked directly. dynamic tests so that they can be invoked directly.
'--disable-timezone-tools' ‘--disable-timezone-tools’
By default, timezone related utilities ('zic', 'zdump', and By default, timezone related utilities (‘zic’, ‘zdump’, and
'tzselect') are installed with the GNU C Library. If you are ‘tzselect’) are installed with the GNU C Library. If you are
building these independently (e.g. by using the 'tzcode' package), building these independently (e.g. by using the ‘tzcode’ package),
then this option will allow disabling the install of these. then this option will allow disabling the install of these.
Note that you need to make sure the external tools are kept in sync Note that you need to make sure the external tools are kept in sync
with the versions that the GNU C Library expects as the data with the versions that the GNU C Library expects as the data
formats may change over time. Consult the 'timezone' subdirectory formats may change over time. Consult the ‘timezone’ subdirectory
for more details. for more details.
'--enable-stack-protector' ‘--enable-stack-protector’
'--enable-stack-protector=strong' ‘--enable-stack-protector=strong’
'--enable-stack-protector=all' ‘--enable-stack-protector=all’
Compile the C library and all other parts of the glibc package Compile the C library and all other parts of the glibc package
(including the threading and math libraries, NSS modules, and (including the threading and math libraries, NSS modules, and
transliteration modules) using the GCC '-fstack-protector', transliteration modules) using the GCC ‘-fstack-protector’,
'-fstack-protector-strong' or '-fstack-protector-all' options to ‘-fstack-protector-strong’ or ‘-fstack-protector-all’ options to
detect stack overruns. Only the dynamic linker and a small number detect stack overruns. Only the dynamic linker and a small number
of routines called directly from assembler are excluded from this of routines called directly from assembler are excluded from this
protection. protection.
'--enable-bind-now' ‘--enable-bind-now’
Disable lazy binding for installed shared objects and programs. Disable lazy binding for installed shared objects and programs.
This provides additional security hardening because it enables full This provides additional security hardening because it enables full
RELRO and a read-only global offset table (GOT), at the cost of RELRO and a read-only global offset table (GOT), at the cost of
slightly increased program load times. slightly increased program load times.
'--enable-pt_chown' ‘--enable-pt_chown’
The file 'pt_chown' is a helper binary for 'grantpt' (*note The file ‘pt_chown’ is a helper binary for ‘grantpt’ (*note
Pseudo-Terminals: Allocation.) that is installed setuid root to fix Pseudo-Terminals: Allocation.) that is installed setuid root to fix
up pseudo-terminal ownership on GNU/Hurd. It is not required on up pseudo-terminal ownership on GNU/Hurd. It is not required on
GNU/Linux, and the GNU C Library will not use the installed GNU/Linux, and the GNU C Library will not use the installed
'pt_chown' program when configured with '--enable-pt_chown'. ‘pt_chown’ program when configured with ‘--enable-pt_chown’.
'--disable-werror' ‘--disable-werror’
By default, the GNU C Library is built with '-Werror'. If you wish By default, the GNU C Library is built with ‘-Werror’. If you wish
to build without this option (for example, if building with a newer to build without this option (for example, if building with a newer
version of GCC than this version of the GNU C Library was tested version of GCC than this version of the GNU C Library was tested
with, so new warnings cause the build with '-Werror' to fail), you with, so new warnings cause the build with ‘-Werror’ to fail), you
can configure with '--disable-werror'. can configure with ‘--disable-werror’.
'--disable-mathvec' ‘--disable-mathvec’
By default for x86_64, the GNU C Library is built with the vector By default for x86_64, the GNU C Library is built with the vector
math library. Use this option to disable the vector math library. math library. Use this option to disable the vector math library.
'--disable-crypt' ‘--disable-crypt’
Do not install the passphrase-hashing library 'libcrypt' or the Do not install the passphrase-hashing library ‘libcrypt’ or the
header file 'crypt.h'. 'unistd.h' will still declare the function header file ‘crypt.h’. ‘unistd.h’ will still declare the function
'crypt'. Using this option does not change the set of programs ‘crypt’. Using this option does not change the set of programs
that may need to be linked with '-lcrypt'; it only means that the that may need to be linked with ‘-lcrypt’; it only means that the
GNU C Library will not provide that library. GNU C Library will not provide that library.
This option is for hackers and distributions experimenting with This option is for hackers and distributions experimenting with
independently-maintained implementations of libcrypt. It may independently-maintained implementations of libcrypt. It may
become the default in a future release. become the default in a future release.
'--disable-scv' ‘--disable-scv’
Disable using 'scv' instruction for syscalls. All syscalls will Disable using ‘scv’ instruction for syscalls. All syscalls will
use 'sc' instead, even if the kernel supports 'scv'. PowerPC only. use ‘sc’ instead, even if the kernel supports ‘scv’. PowerPC only.
'--build=BUILD-SYSTEM' ‘--build=BUILD-SYSTEM’
'--host=HOST-SYSTEM' ‘--host=HOST-SYSTEM’
These options are for cross-compiling. If you specify both options These options are for cross-compiling. If you specify both options
and BUILD-SYSTEM is different from HOST-SYSTEM, 'configure' will and BUILD-SYSTEM is different from HOST-SYSTEM, ‘configure’ will
prepare to cross-compile the GNU C Library from BUILD-SYSTEM to be prepare to cross-compile the GNU C Library from BUILD-SYSTEM to be
used on HOST-SYSTEM. You'll probably need the '--with-headers' used on HOST-SYSTEM. You’ll probably need the ‘--with-headers’
option too, and you may have to override CONFIGURE's selection of option too, and you may have to override CONFIGURE’s selection of
the compiler and/or binutils. the compiler and/or binutils.
If you only specify '--host', 'configure' will prepare for a native If you only specify ‘--host’, ‘configure’ will prepare for a native
compile but use what you specify instead of guessing what your compile but use what you specify instead of guessing what your
system is. This is most useful to change the CPU submodel. For system is. This is most useful to change the CPU submodel. For
example, if 'configure' guesses your machine as 'i686-pc-linux-gnu' example, if ‘configure’ guesses your machine as ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’
but you want to compile a library for 586es, give but you want to compile a library for 586es, give
'--host=i586-pc-linux-gnu' or just '--host=i586-linux' and add the ‘--host=i586-pc-linux-gnu’ or just ‘--host=i586-linux’ and add the
appropriate compiler flags ('-mcpu=i586' will do the trick) to appropriate compiler flags (‘-mcpu=i586’ will do the trick) to
'CC'. ‘CC’.
If you specify just '--build', 'configure' will get confused. If you specify just ‘--build’, ‘configure’ will get confused.
'--with-pkgversion=VERSION' ‘--with-pkgversion=VERSION’
Specify a description, possibly including a build number or build Specify a description, possibly including a build number or build
date, of the binaries being built, to be included in '--version' date, of the binaries being built, to be included in ‘--version’
output from programs installed with the GNU C Library. For output from programs installed with the GNU C Library. For
example, '--with-pkgversion='FooBar GNU/Linux glibc build 123''. example, ‘--with-pkgversion='FooBar GNU/Linux glibc build 123'’.
The default value is 'GNU libc'. The default value is ‘GNU libc’.
'--with-bugurl=URL' ‘--with-bugurl=URL’
Specify the URL that users should visit if they wish to report a Specify the URL that users should visit if they wish to report a
bug, to be included in '--help' output from programs installed with bug, to be included in ‘--help’ output from programs installed with
the GNU C Library. The default value refers to the main the GNU C Library. The default value refers to the main
bug-reporting information for the GNU C Library. bug-reporting information for the GNU C Library.
To build the library and related programs, type 'make'. This will To build the library and related programs, type ‘make’. This will
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from 'make' produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from ‘make’
but aren't. Look for error messages from 'make' containing '***'. but aren’t. Look for error messages from ‘make’ containing ‘***’.
Those indicate that something is seriously wrong. Those indicate that something is seriously wrong.
The compilation process can take a long time, depending on the The compilation process can take a long time, depending on the
@ -286,91 +286,91 @@ configuration and the speed of your machine. Some complex modules may
take a very long time to compile, as much as several minutes on slower take a very long time to compile, as much as several minutes on slower
machines. Do not panic if the compiler appears to hang. machines. Do not panic if the compiler appears to hang.
If you want to run a parallel make, simply pass the '-j' option with If you want to run a parallel make, simply pass the ‘-j’ option with
an appropriate numeric parameter to 'make'. You need a recent GNU an appropriate numeric parameter to ‘make’. You need a recent GNU
'make' version, though. ‘make’ version, though.
To build and run test programs which exercise some of the library To build and run test programs which exercise some of the library
facilities, type 'make check'. If it does not complete successfully, do facilities, type ‘make check’. If it does not complete successfully, do
not use the built library, and report a bug after verifying that the not use the built library, and report a bug after verifying that the
problem is not already known. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for instructions problem is not already known. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for instructions
on reporting bugs. Note that some of the tests assume they are not on reporting bugs. Note that some of the tests assume they are not
being run by 'root'. We recommend you compile and test the GNU C being run by ‘root’. We recommend you compile and test the GNU C
Library as an unprivileged user. Library as an unprivileged user.
Before reporting bugs make sure there is no problem with your system. Before reporting bugs make sure there is no problem with your system.
The tests (and later installation) use some pre-existing files of the The tests (and later installation) use some pre-existing files of the
system such as '/etc/passwd', '/etc/nsswitch.conf' and others. These system such as ‘/etc/passwd’, ‘/etc/nsswitch.conf’ and others. These
files must all contain correct and sensible content. files must all contain correct and sensible content.
Normally, 'make check' will run all the tests before reporting all Normally, ‘make check’ will run all the tests before reporting all
problems found and exiting with error status if any problems occurred. problems found and exiting with error status if any problems occurred.
You can specify 'stop-on-test-failure=y' when running 'make check' to You can specify ‘stop-on-test-failure=y’ when running ‘make check’ to
make the test run stop and exit with an error status immediately when a make the test run stop and exit with an error status immediately when a
failure occurs. failure occurs.
To format the 'GNU C Library Reference Manual' for printing, type To format the ‘GNU C Library Reference Manual’ for printing, type
'make dvi'. You need a working TeX installation to do this. The ‘make dvi’. You need a working TeX installation to do this. The
distribution builds the on-line formatted version of the manual, as Info distribution builds the on-line formatted version of the manual, as Info
files, as part of the build process. You can build them manually with files, as part of the build process. You can build them manually with
'make info'. ‘make info’.
The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters
which you can find in 'Makeconfig'. These can be overwritten with the which you can find in ‘Makeconfig’. These can be overwritten with the
file 'configparms'. To change them, create a 'configparms' in your file ‘configparms’. To change them, create a ‘configparms’ in your
build directory and add values as appropriate for your system. The file build directory and add values as appropriate for your system. The file
is included and parsed by 'make' and has to follow the conventions for is included and parsed by ‘make’ and has to follow the conventions for
makefiles. makefiles.
It is easy to configure the GNU C Library for cross-compilation by It is easy to configure the GNU C Library for cross-compilation by
setting a few variables in 'configparms'. Set 'CC' to the setting a few variables in ‘configparms’. Set ‘CC’ to the
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
important to use this same 'CC' value when running 'configure', like important to use this same ‘CC’ value when running ‘configure’, like
this: 'configure TARGET CC=TARGET-gcc'. Set 'BUILD_CC' to the compiler this: ‘configure TARGET CC=TARGET-gcc’. Set ‘BUILD_CC’ to the compiler
to use for programs run on the build system as part of compiling the to use for programs run on the build system as part of compiling the
library. You may need to set 'AR' to cross-compiling versions of 'ar' library. You may need to set ‘AR’ to cross-compiling versions of ‘ar’
if the native tools are not configured to work with object files for the if the native tools are not configured to work with object files for the
target you configured for. When cross-compiling the GNU C Library, it target you configured for. When cross-compiling the GNU C Library, it
may be tested using 'make check may be tested using ‘make check
test-wrapper="SRCDIR/scripts/cross-test-ssh.sh HOSTNAME"', where SRCDIR test-wrapper="SRCDIR/scripts/cross-test-ssh.sh HOSTNAME"’, where SRCDIR
is the absolute directory name for the main source directory and is the absolute directory name for the main source directory and
HOSTNAME is the host name of a system that can run the newly built HOSTNAME is the host name of a system that can run the newly built
binaries of the GNU C Library. The source and build directories must be binaries of the GNU C Library. The source and build directories must be
visible at the same locations on both the build system and HOSTNAME. visible at the same locations on both the build system and HOSTNAME.
The 'cross-test-ssh.sh' script requires 'flock' from 'util-linux' to The ‘cross-test-ssh.sh’ script requires ‘flock’ from ‘util-linux’ to
work when GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING environment variable is set. work when GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING environment variable is set.
It is also possible to execute tests, which require setting the date It is also possible to execute tests, which require setting the date
on the target machine. Following use cases are supported: on the target machine. Following use cases are supported:
* 'GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING' is set in the environment in which • ‘GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING’ is set in the environment in which
eligible tests are executed and have the privilege to run eligible tests are executed and have the privilege to run
'clock_settime'. In this case, nothing prevents those tests from ‘clock_settime’. In this case, nothing prevents those tests from
running in parallel, so the caller shall assure that those tests running in parallel, so the caller shall assure that those tests
are serialized or provide a proper wrapper script for them. are serialized or provide a proper wrapper script for them.
* The 'cross-test-ssh.sh' script is used and one passes the • The ‘cross-test-ssh.sh’ script is used and one passes the
'--allow-time-setting' flag. In this case, both sets ‘--allow-time-setting’ flag. In this case, both sets
'GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING' and serialization of test execution ‘GLIBC_TEST_ALLOW_TIME_SETTING’ and serialization of test execution
are assured automatically. are assured automatically.
In general, when testing the GNU C Library, 'test-wrapper' may be set In general, when testing the GNU C Library, ‘test-wrapper’ may be set
to the name and arguments of any program to run newly built binaries. to the name and arguments of any program to run newly built binaries.
This program must preserve the arguments to the binary being run, its This program must preserve the arguments to the binary being run, its
working directory and the standard input, output and error file working directory and the standard input, output and error file
descriptors. If 'TEST-WRAPPER env' will not work to run a program with descriptors. If ‘TEST-WRAPPER env’ will not work to run a program with
environment variables set, then 'test-wrapper-env' must be set to a environment variables set, then ‘test-wrapper-env’ must be set to a
program that runs a newly built program with environment variable program that runs a newly built program with environment variable
assignments in effect, those assignments being specified as 'VAR=VALUE' assignments in effect, those assignments being specified as ‘VAR=VALUE’
before the name of the program to be run. If multiple assignments to before the name of the program to be run. If multiple assignments to
the same variable are specified, the last assignment specified must take the same variable are specified, the last assignment specified must take
precedence. Similarly, if 'TEST-WRAPPER env -i' will not work to run a precedence. Similarly, if ‘TEST-WRAPPER env -i’ will not work to run a
program with an environment completely empty of variables except those program with an environment completely empty of variables except those
directly assigned, then 'test-wrapper-env-only' must be set; its use has directly assigned, then ‘test-wrapper-env-only’ must be set; its use has
the same syntax as 'test-wrapper-env', the only difference in its the same syntax as ‘test-wrapper-env’, the only difference in its
semantics being starting with an empty set of environment variables semantics being starting with an empty set of environment variables
rather than the ambient set. rather than the ambient set.
For AArch64 with SVE, when testing the GNU C Library, 'test-wrapper' For AArch64 with SVE, when testing the GNU C Library, ‘test-wrapper’
may be set to "SRCDIR/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/aarch64/vltest.py may be set to "SRCDIR/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/aarch64/vltest.py
VECTOR-LENGTH" to change Vector Length. VECTOR-LENGTH" to change Vector Length.
@ -378,51 +378,51 @@ Installing the C Library
======================== ========================
To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
manual, type 'make install'. This will build things, if necessary, manual, type ‘make install’. This will build things, if necessary,
before installing them; however, you should still compile everything before installing them; however, you should still compile everything
first. If you are installing the GNU C Library as your primary C first. If you are installing the GNU C Library as your primary C
library, we recommend that you shut the system down to single-user mode library, we recommend that you shut the system down to single-user mode
first, and reboot afterward. This minimizes the risk of breaking things first, and reboot afterward. This minimizes the risk of breaking things
when the library changes out from underneath. when the library changes out from underneath.
'make install' will do the entire job of upgrading from a previous ‘make install’ will do the entire job of upgrading from a previous
installation of the GNU C Library version 2.x. There may sometimes be installation of the GNU C Library version 2.x. There may sometimes be
headers left behind from the previous installation, but those are headers left behind from the previous installation, but those are
generally harmless. If you want to avoid leaving headers behind you can generally harmless. If you want to avoid leaving headers behind you can
do things in the following order. do things in the following order.
You must first build the library ('make'), optionally check it ('make You must first build the library (‘make’), optionally check it (‘make
check'), switch the include directories and then install ('make check’), switch the include directories and then install (‘make
install'). The steps must be done in this order. Not moving the install’). The steps must be done in this order. Not moving the
directory before install will result in an unusable mixture of header directory before install will result in an unusable mixture of header
files from both libraries, but configuring, building, and checking the files from both libraries, but configuring, building, and checking the
library requires the ability to compile and run programs against the old library requires the ability to compile and run programs against the old
library. The new '/usr/include', after switching the include library. The new ‘/usr/include’, after switching the include
directories and before installing the library should contain the Linux directories and before installing the library should contain the Linux
headers, but nothing else. If you do this, you will need to restore any headers, but nothing else. If you do this, you will need to restore any
headers from libraries other than the GNU C Library yourself after headers from libraries other than the GNU C Library yourself after
installing the library. installing the library.
You can install the GNU C Library somewhere other than where you You can install the GNU C Library somewhere other than where you
configured it to go by setting the 'DESTDIR' GNU standard make variable configured it to go by setting the ‘DESTDIR’ GNU standard make variable
on the command line for 'make install'. The value of this variable is on the command line for ‘make install’. The value of this variable is
prepended to all the paths for installation. This is useful when prepended to all the paths for installation. This is useful when
setting up a chroot environment or preparing a binary distribution. The setting up a chroot environment or preparing a binary distribution. The
directory should be specified with an absolute file name. Installing directory should be specified with an absolute file name. Installing
with the 'prefix' and 'exec_prefix' GNU standard make variables set is with the ‘prefix’ and ‘exec_prefix’ GNU standard make variables set is
not supported. not supported.
The GNU C Library includes a daemon called 'nscd', which you may or The GNU C Library includes a daemon called ‘nscd’, which you may or
may not want to run. 'nscd' caches name service lookups; it can may not want to run. ‘nscd’ caches name service lookups; it can
dramatically improve performance with NIS+, and may help with DNS as dramatically improve performance with NIS+, and may help with DNS as
well. well.
One auxiliary program, '/usr/libexec/pt_chown', is installed setuid One auxiliary program, ‘/usr/libexec/pt_chown’, is installed setuid
'root' if the '--enable-pt_chown' configuration option is used. This ‘root’ if the ‘--enable-pt_chown’ configuration option is used. This
program is invoked by the 'grantpt' function; it sets the permissions on program is invoked by the ‘grantpt’ function; it sets the permissions on
a pseudoterminal so it can be used by the calling process. If you are a pseudoterminal so it can be used by the calling process. If you are
using a Linux kernel with the 'devpts' filesystem enabled and mounted at using a Linux kernel with the ‘devpts’ filesystem enabled and mounted at
'/dev/pts', you don't need this program. ‘/dev/pts’, you don’t need this program.
After installation you should configure the timezone and install After installation you should configure the timezone and install
locales for your system. The time zone configuration ensures that your locales for your system. The time zone configuration ensures that your
@ -432,34 +432,34 @@ expectations of your language and geographic region.
The GNU C Library is able to use two kinds of localization The GNU C Library is able to use two kinds of localization
information sources, the first is a locale database named information sources, the first is a locale database named
'locale-archive' which is generally installed as ‘locale-archive’ which is generally installed as
'/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive'. The locale archive has the benefit of ‘/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive’. The locale archive has the benefit of
taking up less space and being very fast to load, but only if you plan taking up less space and being very fast to load, but only if you plan
to install sixty or more locales. If you plan to install one or two to install sixty or more locales. If you plan to install one or two
locales you can instead install individual locales into their self-named locales you can instead install individual locales into their self-named
directories e.g. '/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8'. For example to install directories e.g. ‘/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8’. For example to install
the German locale using the character set for UTF-8 with name 'de_DE' the German locale using the character set for UTF-8 with name ‘de_DE’
into the locale archive issue the command 'localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 into the locale archive issue the command ‘localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8
de_DE', and to install just the one locale issue the command 'localedef de_DE’, and to install just the one locale issue the command ‘localedef
--no-archive -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE'. To configure all locales that --no-archive -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE’. To configure all locales that
are supported by the GNU C Library, you can issue from your build are supported by the GNU C Library, you can issue from your build
directory the command 'make localedata/install-locales' to install all directory the command ‘make localedata/install-locales’ to install all
locales into the locale archive or 'make locales into the locale archive or ‘make
localedata/install-locale-files' to install all locales as files in the localedata/install-locale-files’ to install all locales as files in the
default configured locale installation directory (derived from default configured locale installation directory (derived from
'--prefix' or '--localedir'). To install into an alternative system ‘--prefix’ or ‘--localedir’). To install into an alternative system
root use 'DESTDIR' e.g. 'make localedata/install-locale-files root use ‘DESTDIR’ e.g. ‘make localedata/install-locale-files
DESTDIR=/opt/glibc', but note that this does not change the configured DESTDIR=/opt/glibc’, but note that this does not change the configured
prefix. prefix.
To configure the locally used timezone, set the 'TZ' environment To configure the locally used timezone, set the ‘TZ’ environment
variable. The script 'tzselect' helps you to select the right value. variable. The script ‘tzselect’ helps you to select the right value.
As an example, for Germany, 'tzselect' would tell you to use As an example, for Germany, ‘tzselect’ would tell you to use
'TZ='Europe/Berlin''. For a system wide installation (the given paths ‘TZ='Europe/Berlin'’. For a system wide installation (the given paths
are for an installation with '--prefix=/usr'), link the timezone file are for an installation with ‘--prefix=/usr’), link the timezone file
which is in '/usr/share/zoneinfo' to the file '/etc/localtime'. For which is in ‘/usr/share/zoneinfo’ to the file ‘/etc/localtime’. For
Germany, you might execute 'ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin Germany, you might execute ‘ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin
/etc/localtime'. /etc/localtime’.
Recommended Tools for Compilation Recommended Tools for Compilation
================================= =================================
@ -467,12 +467,12 @@ Recommended Tools for Compilation
We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
build the GNU C Library: build the GNU C Library:
* GNU 'make' 4.0 or newer • GNU ‘make’ 4.0 or newer
As of release time, GNU 'make' 4.4 is the newest verified to work As of release time, GNU ‘make’ 4.4 is the newest verified to work
to build the GNU C Library. to build the GNU C Library.
* GCC 6.2 or newer • GCC 6.2 or newer
GCC 6.2 or higher is required. In general it is recommended to use GCC 6.2 or higher is required. In general it is recommended to use
the newest version of the compiler that is known to work for the newest version of the compiler that is known to work for
@ -481,9 +481,9 @@ build the GNU C Library:
verified to work to build the GNU C Library. verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), a GCC version with For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), a GCC version with
support for '-mno-gnu-attribute', '-mabi=ieeelongdouble', and support for ‘-mno-gnu-attribute’, ‘-mabi=ieeelongdouble’, and
'-mabi=ibmlondouble' is required. Likewise, the compiler must also ‘-mabi=ibmlondouble’ is required. Likewise, the compiler must also
support passing '-mlong-double-128' with the preceding options. As support passing ‘-mlong-double-128’ with the preceding options. As
of release, this implies GCC 7.4 and newer (excepting GCC 7.5.0, of release, this implies GCC 7.4 and newer (excepting GCC 7.5.0,
see GCC PR94200). These additional features are required for see GCC PR94200). These additional features are required for
building the GNU C Library with support for IEEE long double. building the GNU C Library with support for IEEE long double.
@ -500,10 +500,10 @@ build the GNU C Library:
been built with support for GNU indirect functions. This ensures been built with support for GNU indirect functions. This ensures
that correct debugging information is generated for functions that correct debugging information is generated for functions
selected by IFUNC resolvers. This support can either be enabled by selected by IFUNC resolvers. This support can either be enabled by
configuring GCC with '--enable-gnu-indirect-function', or by configuring GCC with ‘--enable-gnu-indirect-function’, or by
enabling it by default by setting 'default_gnu_indirect_function' enabling it by default by setting ‘default_gnu_indirect_function’
variable for a particular architecture in the GCC source file variable for a particular architecture in the GCC source file
'gcc/config.gcc'. ‘gcc/config.gcc’.
You can use whatever compiler you like to compile programs that use You can use whatever compiler you like to compile programs that use
the GNU C Library. the GNU C Library.
@ -511,93 +511,93 @@ build the GNU C Library:
Check the FAQ for any special compiler issues on particular Check the FAQ for any special compiler issues on particular
platforms. platforms.
* GNU 'binutils' 2.25 or later • GNU ‘binutils’ 2.25 or later
You must use GNU 'binutils' (as and ld) to build the GNU C Library. You must use GNU ‘binutils’ (as and ld) to build the GNU C Library.
No other assembler or linker has the necessary functionality at the No other assembler or linker has the necessary functionality at the
moment. As of release time, GNU 'binutils' 2.39 is the newest moment. As of release time, GNU ‘binutils’ 2.39 is the newest
verified to work to build the GNU C Library. verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), 'objcopy' is For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), ‘objcopy’ is
required to support '--update-section'. This option requires required to support ‘--update-section’. This option requires
binutils 2.26 or newer. binutils 2.26 or newer.
ARC architecture needs 'binutils' 2.32 or higher for TLS related ARC architecture needs ‘binutils’ 2.32 or higher for TLS related
fixes. fixes.
* GNU 'texinfo' 4.7 or later • GNU ‘texinfo’ 4.7 or later
To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you
need this version of the 'texinfo' package. Earlier versions do need this version of the ‘texinfo’ package. Earlier versions do
not understand all the tags used in the document, and the not understand all the tags used in the document, and the
installation mechanism for the info files is not present or works installation mechanism for the info files is not present or works
differently. As of release time, 'texinfo' 7.0.2 is the newest differently. As of release time, ‘texinfo’ 7.0.2 is the newest
verified to work to build the GNU C Library. verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
* GNU 'awk' 3.1.2, or higher • GNU ‘awk’ 3.1.2, or higher
'awk' is used in several places to generate files. Some 'gawk' ‘awk’ is used in several places to generate files. Some ‘gawk’
extensions are used, including the 'asorti' function, which was extensions are used, including the ‘asorti’ function, which was
introduced in version 3.1.2 of 'gawk'. As of release time, 'gawk' introduced in version 3.1.2 of ‘gawk’. As of release time, ‘gawk’
version 5.1.1 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C version 5.1.1 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C
Library. Library.
* GNU 'bison' 2.7 or later • GNU ‘bison’ 2.7 or later
'bison' is used to generate the 'yacc' parser code in the 'intl' ‘bison’ is used to generate the ‘yacc’ parser code in the ‘intl’
subdirectory. As of release time, 'bison' version 3.8.2 is the subdirectory. As of release time, ‘bison’ version 3.8.2 is the
newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library. newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
* Perl 5 • Perl 5
Perl is not required, but if present it is used in some tests and Perl is not required, but if present it is used in some tests and
the 'mtrace' program, to build the GNU C Library manual. As of the ‘mtrace’ program, to build the GNU C Library manual. As of
release time 'perl' version 5.36.0 is the newest verified to work release time ‘perl’ version 5.36.0 is the newest verified to work
to build the GNU C Library. to build the GNU C Library.
* GNU 'sed' 3.02 or newer • GNU ‘sed’ 3.02 or newer
'Sed' is used in several places to generate files. Most scripts ‘Sed’ is used in several places to generate files. Most scripts
work with any version of 'sed'. As of release time, 'sed' version work with any version of ‘sed’. As of release time, ‘sed’ version
4.8 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library. 4.8 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
* Python 3.4 or later • Python 3.4 or later
Python is required to build the GNU C Library. As of release time, Python is required to build the GNU C Library. As of release time,
Python 3.11 is the newest verified to work for building and testing Python 3.11 is the newest verified to work for building and testing
the GNU C Library. the GNU C Library.
* PExpect 4.0 • PExpect 4.0
The pretty printer tests drive GDB through test programs and The pretty printer tests drive GDB through test programs and
compare its output to the printers'. PExpect is used to capture compare its output to the printers’. PExpect is used to capture
the output of GDB, and should be compatible with the Python version the output of GDB, and should be compatible with the Python version
in your system. As of release time PExpect 4.8.0 is the newest in your system. As of release time PExpect 4.8.0 is the newest
verified to work to test the pretty printers. verified to work to test the pretty printers.
* GDB 7.8 or later with support for Python 2.7/3.4 or later • GDB 7.8 or later with support for Python 2.7/3.4 or later
GDB itself needs to be configured with Python support in order to GDB itself needs to be configured with Python support in order to
use the pretty printers. Notice that your system having Python use the pretty printers. Notice that your system having Python
available doesn't imply that GDB supports it, nor that your available doesn’t imply that GDB supports it, nor that your
system's Python and GDB's have the same version. As of release system’s Python and GDB’s have the same version. As of release
time GNU 'debugger' 12.1 is the newest verified to work to test the time GNU ‘debugger’ 12.1 is the newest verified to work to test the
pretty printers. pretty printers.
Unless Python, PExpect and GDB with Python support are present, the Unless Python, PExpect and GDB with Python support are present, the
printer tests will report themselves as 'UNSUPPORTED'. Notice that printer tests will report themselves as ‘UNSUPPORTED’. Notice that
some of the printer tests require the GNU C Library to be compiled some of the printer tests require the GNU C Library to be compiled
with debugging symbols. with debugging symbols.
If you change any of the 'configure.ac' files you will also need If you change any of the ‘configure.ac’ files you will also need
* GNU 'autoconf' 2.69 (exactly) • GNU ‘autoconf’ 2.69 (exactly)
and if you change any of the message translation files you will need and if you change any of the message translation files you will need
* GNU 'gettext' 0.10.36 or later • GNU ‘gettext’ 0.10.36 or later
As of release time, GNU 'gettext' version 0.21.1 is the newest As of release time, GNU ‘gettext’ version 0.21.1 is the newest
version verified to work to build the GNU C Library. version verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
You may also need these packages if you upgrade your source tree using You may also need these packages if you upgrade your source tree using
@ -609,41 +609,41 @@ Specific advice for GNU/Linux systems
If you are installing the GNU C Library on GNU/Linux systems, you need If you are installing the GNU C Library on GNU/Linux systems, you need
to have the header files from a 3.2 or newer kernel around for to have the header files from a 3.2 or newer kernel around for
reference. (For the ia64 architecture, you need version 3.2.18 or newer reference. (For the ia64 architecture, you need version 3.2.18 or newer
because this is the first version with support for the 'accept4' system because this is the first version with support for the ‘accept4’ system
call.) These headers must be installed using 'make headers_install'; call.) These headers must be installed using ‘make headers_install’;
the headers present in the kernel source directory are not suitable for the headers present in the kernel source directory are not suitable for
direct use by the GNU C Library. You do not need to use that kernel, direct use by the GNU C Library. You do not need to use that kernel,
just have its headers installed where the GNU C Library can access them, just have its headers installed where the GNU C Library can access them,
referred to here as INSTALL-DIRECTORY. The easiest way to do this is to referred to here as INSTALL-DIRECTORY. The easiest way to do this is to
unpack it in a directory such as '/usr/src/linux-VERSION'. In that unpack it in a directory such as ‘/usr/src/linux-VERSION’. In that
directory, run 'make headers_install directory, run ‘make headers_install
INSTALL_HDR_PATH=INSTALL-DIRECTORY'. Finally, configure the GNU C INSTALL_HDR_PATH=INSTALL-DIRECTORY’. Finally, configure the GNU C
Library with the option '--with-headers=INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include'. Use Library with the option ‘--with-headers=INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’. Use
the most recent kernel you can get your hands on. (If you are the most recent kernel you can get your hands on. (If you are
cross-compiling the GNU C Library, you need to specify cross-compiling the GNU C Library, you need to specify
'ARCH=ARCHITECTURE' in the 'make headers_install' command, where ‘ARCH=ARCHITECTURE’ in the ‘make headers_install’ command, where
ARCHITECTURE is the architecture name used by the Linux kernel, such as ARCHITECTURE is the architecture name used by the Linux kernel, such as
'x86' or 'powerpc'.) ‘x86’ or ‘powerpc’.)
After installing the GNU C Library, you may need to remove or rename After installing the GNU C Library, you may need to remove or rename
directories such as '/usr/include/linux' and '/usr/include/asm', and directories such as ‘/usr/include/linux’ and ‘/usr/include/asm’, and
replace them with copies of directories such as 'linux' and 'asm' from replace them with copies of directories such as ‘linux’ and ‘asm’ from
'INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include'. All directories present in ‘INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’. All directories present in
'INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include' should be copied, except that the GNU C ‘INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’ should be copied, except that the GNU C
Library provides its own version of '/usr/include/scsi'; the files Library provides its own version of ‘/usr/include/scsi’; the files
provided by the kernel should be copied without replacing those provided provided by the kernel should be copied without replacing those provided
by the GNU C Library. The 'linux', 'asm' and 'asm-generic' directories by the GNU C Library. The ‘linux’, ‘asm’ and ‘asm-generic’ directories
are required to compile programs using the GNU C Library; the other are required to compile programs using the GNU C Library; the other
directories describe interfaces to the kernel but are not required if directories describe interfaces to the kernel but are not required if
not compiling programs using those interfaces. You do not need to copy not compiling programs using those interfaces. You do not need to copy
kernel headers if you did not specify an alternate kernel header source kernel headers if you did not specify an alternate kernel header source
using '--with-headers'. using ‘--with-headers’.
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard for GNU/Linux systems expects some The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard for GNU/Linux systems expects some
components of the GNU C Library installation to be in '/lib' and some in components of the GNU C Library installation to be in ‘/lib’ and some in
'/usr/lib'. This is handled automatically if you configure the GNU C ‘/usr/lib’. This is handled automatically if you configure the GNU C
Library with '--prefix=/usr'. If you set some other prefix or allow it Library with ‘--prefix=/usr’. If you set some other prefix or allow it
to default to '/usr/local', then all the components are installed there. to default to ‘/usr/local’, then all the components are installed there.
As of release time, Linux version 6.1.5 is the newest stable version As of release time, Linux version 6.1.5 is the newest stable version
verified to work to build the GNU C Library. verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
@ -653,30 +653,30 @@ Reporting Bugs
There are probably bugs in the GNU C Library. There are certainly There are probably bugs in the GNU C Library. There are certainly
errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get
fixed. If you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will fixed. If you don’t, no one will ever know about them and they will
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer. remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.
It is a good idea to verify that the problem has not already been It is a good idea to verify that the problem has not already been
reported. Bugs are documented in two places: The file 'BUGS' describes reported. Bugs are documented in two places: The file ‘BUGS’ describes
a number of well known bugs and the central GNU C Library bug tracking a number of well known bugs and the central GNU C Library bug tracking
system has a WWW interface at <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>. The system has a WWW interface at <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>. The
WWW interface gives you access to open and closed reports. A closed WWW interface gives you access to open and closed reports. A closed
report normally includes a patch or a hint on solving the problem. report normally includes a patch or a hint on solving the problem.
To report a bug, first you must find it. With any luck, this will be To report a bug, first you must find it. With any luck, this will be
the hard part. Once you've found a bug, make sure it's really a bug. A the hard part. Once you’ve found a bug, make sure it’s really a bug. A
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C Library behaves the same way good way to do this is to see if the GNU C Library behaves the same way
some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the
libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries
is probably wrong. It might not be the GNU C Library. Many historical is probably wrong. It might not be the GNU C Library. Many historical
Unix C libraries permit things that we don't, such as closing a file Unix C libraries permit things that we don’t, such as closing a file
twice. twice.
If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C Library does If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C Library does
not conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (*note Standards and not conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (*note Standards and
Portability::), that is definitely a bug. Report it! Portability::), that is definitely a bug. Report it!
Once you're sure you've found a bug, try to narrow it down to the Once you’re sure you’ve found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library function library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library function
call, if possible. This should not be too difficult. call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
@ -685,8 +685,8 @@ call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
Do this at <https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html>. Do this at <https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html>.
If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
doesn't tell you, that's a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the doesn’t tell you, that’s a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the
function's behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library function’s behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the bug errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the bug
database. If you refer to specific sections of the manual, please database. If you refer to specific sections of the manual, please

2
Makefile
View File

@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ endif
INSTALL: manual/install-plain.texi manual/macros.texi \ INSTALL: manual/install-plain.texi manual/macros.texi \
$(common-objpfx)manual/pkgvers.texi manual/install.texi $(common-objpfx)manual/pkgvers.texi manual/install.texi
makeinfo --no-validate --plaintext --no-number-sections \ makeinfo --no-validate --plaintext --no-number-sections \
--disable-encoding -I$(common-objpfx)manual $< -o $@-tmp -I$(common-objpfx)manual $< -o $@-tmp
$(AWK) 'NF == 0 { ++n; next } \ $(AWK) 'NF == 0 { ++n; next } \
NF != 0 { while (n-- > 0) print ""; n = 0; print }' \ NF != 0 { while (n-- > 0) print ""; n = 0; print }' \
< $@-tmp > $@-tmp2 < $@-tmp > $@-tmp2