mirror of
https://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git
synced 2024-12-30 22:41:06 +00:00
Update.
1998-09-01 10:34 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com> * manual/locale.texi: Almost compelte rewrite. Document more functions and functionality. * manual/arith.texi: Correct reference. * manual/string.texi: Pretty printing. * manual/texinfo.tex: Update from last available version. 1998-08-31 22:44 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com> * nis/nss_nis/nis-pwd.c (_nss_nis_getpwnam_r): Correct test for invalid password. (_nss_nis_getpwuid_r): Likewise. Patch by Matthew Arnison <matthewa@physics.usyd.edu.au>. * inet/rcmd.c: Implement netgroup support. Patch by Dick Streefland <dick_streefland@tasking.com>.
This commit is contained in:
Ulrich Drepper
parent
6a805a0b40
commit
85c165befc
5
BUGS
5
BUGS
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||
List of known bugs (certainly very incomplete)
|
||||
----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Time-stamp: <1998-04-08T09:29:12-0700 drepper>
|
||||
Time-stamp: <1998-09-01T10:40:39-0700 drepper>
|
||||
|
||||
This following list contains those bugs which I'm aware of. Please
|
||||
make sure that bugs you report are not listed here. If you can fix one
|
||||
@ -45,9 +45,6 @@ Severity: [ *] to [***]
|
||||
which are not defined in the charmap.
|
||||
[PR libc/229]
|
||||
|
||||
[ *] The rcmd() functions (more concrete: the handling of .rhosts) does
|
||||
not support netgroups and wildcards (+).
|
||||
|
||||
[ *] When assembling a locale definition, that uses the "copy"
|
||||
directive, with localedef, not only the copied category is
|
||||
checked for errors, but the whole file containing the same
|
||||
|
||||
19
ChangeLog
19
ChangeLog
@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
|
||||
1998-09-01 10:34 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
|
||||
|
||||
* manual/locale.texi: Almost compelte rewrite. Document more functions
|
||||
and functionality.
|
||||
* manual/arith.texi: Correct reference.
|
||||
* manual/string.texi: Pretty printing.
|
||||
|
||||
* manual/texinfo.tex: Update from last available version.
|
||||
|
||||
1998-08-31 22:44 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
|
||||
|
||||
* nis/nss_nis/nis-pwd.c (_nss_nis_getpwnam_r): Correct test for
|
||||
invalid password.
|
||||
(_nss_nis_getpwuid_r): Likewise.
|
||||
Patch by Matthew Arnison <matthewa@physics.usyd.edu.au>.
|
||||
|
||||
* inet/rcmd.c: Implement netgroup support.
|
||||
Patch by Dick Streefland <dick_streefland@tasking.com>.
|
||||
|
||||
1998-08-31 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
|
||||
|
||||
* elf/dl-close.c (_dl_close): Update _dl_loaded if the first
|
||||
|
||||
260
inet/rcmd.c
260
inet/rcmd.c
@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rcmd.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/26/94";
|
||||
#include <string.h>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
int __ivaliduser __P((FILE *, u_int32_t, const char *, const char *));
|
||||
static int __icheckhost __P((u_int32_t, char *)) internal_function;
|
||||
int __ivaliduser __P ((FILE *, u_int32_t, const char *, const char *));
|
||||
static int __ivaliduser2 __P ((FILE *, u_int32_t, const char *, const char *,
|
||||
const char *));
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
int
|
||||
rcmd(ahost, rport, locuser, remuser, cmd, fd2p)
|
||||
@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ ruserok(rhost, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
|
||||
for (ap = hp->h_addr_list; *ap; ++ap) {
|
||||
bcopy(*ap, &addr, sizeof(addr));
|
||||
if (iruserok(addr, superuser, ruser, luser) == 0)
|
||||
if (iruserok(addr, superuser, ruser, luser, rhost) == 0)
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
@ -341,11 +343,11 @@ iruserfopen (char *file, uid_t okuser)
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Returns 0 if ok, -1 if not ok.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
int
|
||||
iruserok (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
static int
|
||||
iruserok2 (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser, rhost)
|
||||
u_int32_t raddr;
|
||||
int superuser;
|
||||
const char *ruser, *luser;
|
||||
const char *ruser, *luser, *rhost;
|
||||
{
|
||||
FILE *hostf = NULL;
|
||||
int isbad;
|
||||
@ -355,7 +357,7 @@ iruserok (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
|
||||
if (hostf)
|
||||
{
|
||||
isbad = __ivaliduser (hostf, raddr, luser, ruser);
|
||||
isbad = __ivaliduser2 (hostf, raddr, luser, ruser, rhost);
|
||||
fclose (hostf);
|
||||
|
||||
if (!isbad)
|
||||
@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ iruserok (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
|
||||
if (hostf != NULL)
|
||||
{
|
||||
isbad = __ivaliduser (hostf, raddr, luser, ruser);
|
||||
isbad = __ivaliduser2 (hostf, raddr, luser, ruser, rhost);
|
||||
fclose (hostf);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -398,10 +400,25 @@ iruserok (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* This is the exported version. */
|
||||
int
|
||||
iruserok (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser)
|
||||
u_int32_t raddr;
|
||||
int superuser;
|
||||
const char *ruser, *luser;
|
||||
{
|
||||
return iruserok2 (raddr, superuser, ruser, luser, "-");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* XXX
|
||||
* Don't make static, used by lpd(8).
|
||||
*
|
||||
* This function is not used anymore. It is only present because lpd(8)
|
||||
* calls it (!?!). We simply call __invaliduser2() with an illegal rhost
|
||||
* argument. This means that netgroups won't work in .rhost/hosts.equiv
|
||||
* files. If you want lpd to work with netgroups, fix lpd to use ruserok()
|
||||
* or PAM.
|
||||
* Returns 0 if ok, -1 if not ok.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
int
|
||||
@ -410,87 +427,194 @@ __ivaliduser(hostf, raddr, luser, ruser)
|
||||
u_int32_t raddr;
|
||||
const char *luser, *ruser;
|
||||
{
|
||||
register char *user, *p;
|
||||
int ch;
|
||||
char *buf = NULL;
|
||||
char *cp;
|
||||
size_t bufsize = 0;
|
||||
ssize_t nread;
|
||||
|
||||
while ((nread = __getline (&buf, &bufsize, hostf)) > 0) {
|
||||
buf[bufsize - 1] = '\0'; /* Make sure it's terminated. */
|
||||
/* Because the file format does not know any form of quoting we
|
||||
can search forward for the next '#' character and if found
|
||||
make it terminating the line. */
|
||||
cp = strchr (buf, '#');
|
||||
if (cp != NULL)
|
||||
*cp = '\0';
|
||||
p = buf;
|
||||
while (*p != '\n' && *p != ' ' && *p != '\t' && *p != '\0') {
|
||||
*p = isupper(*p) ? tolower(*p) : *p;
|
||||
p++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') {
|
||||
*p++ = '\0';
|
||||
while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
|
||||
p++;
|
||||
user = p;
|
||||
while (*p != '\n' && *p != ' ' &&
|
||||
*p != '\t' && *p != '\0')
|
||||
p++;
|
||||
} else
|
||||
user = p;
|
||||
*p = '\0';
|
||||
if (__icheckhost(raddr, buf) &&
|
||||
strcmp(ruser, *user ? user : luser) == 0) {
|
||||
free (buf);
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (buf != NULL)
|
||||
free (buf);
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
return __ivaliduser2(hostf, raddr, luser, ruser, "-");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Returns "true" if match, 0 if no match.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* Returns 1 on positive match, 0 on no match, -1 on negative match. */
|
||||
static int
|
||||
internal_function
|
||||
__icheckhost(raddr, lhost)
|
||||
__icheckhost (raddr, lhost, rhost)
|
||||
u_int32_t raddr;
|
||||
register char *lhost;
|
||||
char *lhost;
|
||||
const char *rhost;
|
||||
{
|
||||
struct hostent hostbuf, *hp;
|
||||
size_t buflen;
|
||||
char *buffer;
|
||||
register u_int32_t laddr;
|
||||
register char **pp;
|
||||
int herr;
|
||||
int save_errno;
|
||||
u_int32_t laddr;
|
||||
int negate=1; /* Multiply return with this to get -1 instead of 1 */
|
||||
char **pp, *user;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Check nis netgroup. */
|
||||
if (strncmp ("+@", lhost, 2) == 0)
|
||||
return innetgr (&lhost[2], rhost, NULL, NULL);
|
||||
|
||||
if (strncmp ("-@", lhost, 2) == 0)
|
||||
return -innetgr (&lhost[2], rhost, NULL, NULL);
|
||||
|
||||
/* -host */
|
||||
if (strncmp ("-", lhost,1) == 0) {
|
||||
negate = -1;
|
||||
lhost++;
|
||||
} else if (strcmp ("+",lhost) == 0) {
|
||||
return 1; /* asking for trouble, but ok.. */
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Try for raw ip address first. */
|
||||
if (isdigit(*lhost) && (int32_t)(laddr = inet_addr(lhost)) != -1)
|
||||
return raddr == laddr;
|
||||
if (isdigit (*lhost) && (long) (laddr = inet_addr (lhost)) != -1)
|
||||
return negate * (! (raddr ^ laddr));
|
||||
|
||||
/* Better be a hostname. */
|
||||
buflen = 1024;
|
||||
buffer = __alloca (buflen);
|
||||
save_errno = errno;
|
||||
while (__gethostbyname_r (lhost, &hostbuf, buffer, buflen, &hp, &herr)
|
||||
< 0)
|
||||
if (herr != NETDB_INTERNAL || errno != ERANGE)
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* Enlarge the buffer. */
|
||||
buflen *= 2;
|
||||
buffer = __alloca (buflen);
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (herr != NETDB_INTERNAL || errno != ERANGE)
|
||||
return (0);
|
||||
else {
|
||||
/* Enlarge the buffer. */
|
||||
buflen *= 2;
|
||||
buffer = __alloca (buflen);
|
||||
__set_errno (0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
__set_errno (save_errno);
|
||||
if (hp == NULL)
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Spin through ip addresses. */
|
||||
for (pp = hp->h_addr_list; *pp; ++pp)
|
||||
if (!memcmp(&raddr, *pp, sizeof(u_int32_t)))
|
||||
return 1;
|
||||
if (!memcmp (&raddr, *pp, sizeof (u_int32_t)))
|
||||
return negate;
|
||||
|
||||
/* No match. */
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
return (0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Returns 1 on positive match, 0 on no match, -1 on negative match. */
|
||||
static int
|
||||
internal_function
|
||||
__icheckuser (luser, ruser)
|
||||
const char *luser, *ruser;
|
||||
{
|
||||
/*
|
||||
luser is user entry from .rhosts/hosts.equiv file
|
||||
ruser is user id on remote host
|
||||
*/
|
||||
char *user;
|
||||
|
||||
/* [-+]@netgroup */
|
||||
if (strncmp ("+@", luser, 2) == 0)
|
||||
return innetgr (&luser[2], NULL, ruser, NULL);
|
||||
|
||||
if (strncmp ("-@", luser,2) == 0)
|
||||
return -innetgr (&luser[2], NULL, ruser, NULL);
|
||||
|
||||
/* -user */
|
||||
if (strncmp ("-", luser, 1) == 0)
|
||||
return -(strcmp (&luser[1], ruser) == 0);
|
||||
|
||||
/* + */
|
||||
if (strcmp ("+", luser) == 0)
|
||||
return 1;
|
||||
|
||||
/* simple string match */
|
||||
return strcmp (ruser, luser) == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Returns 1 for blank lines (or only comment lines) and 0 otherwise
|
||||
*/
|
||||
static int
|
||||
__isempty(p)
|
||||
char *p;
|
||||
{
|
||||
while (*p && isspace (*p)) {
|
||||
++p;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return (*p == '\0' || *p == '#') ? 1 : 0 ;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Returns 0 if positive match, -1 if _not_ ok.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
static int
|
||||
__ivaliduser2(hostf, raddr, luser, ruser, rhost)
|
||||
FILE *hostf;
|
||||
u_int32_t raddr;
|
||||
const char *luser, *ruser, *rhost;
|
||||
{
|
||||
register const char *user;
|
||||
register char *p;
|
||||
int hcheck, ucheck;
|
||||
char *buf = NULL;
|
||||
size_t bufsize = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
while (__getline (&buf, &bufsize, hostf) > 0) {
|
||||
buf[bufsize - 1] = '\0'; /* Make sure it's terminated. */
|
||||
p = buf;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Skip empty or comment lines */
|
||||
if (__isempty (p)) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Skip lines that are too long. */
|
||||
if (strchr (p, '\n') == NULL) {
|
||||
int ch = getc (hostf);
|
||||
|
||||
while (ch != '\n' && ch != EOF)
|
||||
ch = getc (hostf);
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for (;*p && !isspace(*p); ++p) {
|
||||
*p = tolower (*p);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Next we want to find the permitted name for the remote user. */
|
||||
if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') {
|
||||
/* <nul> terminate hostname and skip spaces */
|
||||
for (*p++='\0'; *p && isspace (*p); ++p);
|
||||
|
||||
user = p; /* this is the user's name */
|
||||
while (*p && !isspace (*p))
|
||||
++p; /* find end of user's name */
|
||||
} else
|
||||
user = p;
|
||||
|
||||
*p = '\0'; /* <nul> terminate username (+host?) */
|
||||
|
||||
/* buf -> host(?) ; user -> username(?) */
|
||||
|
||||
/* First check host part */
|
||||
hcheck = __icheckhost (raddr, buf, rhost);
|
||||
|
||||
if (hcheck < 0)
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
|
||||
if (hcheck) {
|
||||
/* Then check user part */
|
||||
if (! (*user))
|
||||
user = luser;
|
||||
|
||||
ucheck = __icheckuser (user, ruser);
|
||||
|
||||
/* Positive 'host user' match? */
|
||||
if (ucheck > 0)
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Negative 'host -user' match? */
|
||||
if (ucheck < 0)
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Neither, go on looking for match */
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1908,7 +1908,7 @@ An optional plus or minus sign (@samp{+} or @samp{-}).
|
||||
@item
|
||||
A nonempty sequence of digits optionally containing a decimal-point
|
||||
character---normally @samp{.}, but it depends on the locale
|
||||
(@pxref{Numeric Formatting}).
|
||||
(@pxref{General Numeric}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
An optional exponent part, consisting of a character @samp{e} or
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ will follow the conventions preferred by the user.
|
||||
* Setting the Locale:: How a program specifies the locale
|
||||
with library functions.
|
||||
* Standard Locales:: Locale names available on all systems.
|
||||
* Numeric Formatting:: How to format numbers according to the
|
||||
chosen locale.
|
||||
* Locale Information:: How to access the information for the locale.
|
||||
* Formatting Numbers:: A dedicated functions to format numbers.
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Effects of Locale, Choosing Locale, , Locales
|
||||
@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ The collating sequence for the local language and character set
|
||||
(@pxref{Collation Functions}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Formatting of numbers and currency amounts (@pxref{Numeric Formatting}).
|
||||
Formatting of numbers and currency amounts (@pxref{General Numeric}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Formatting of dates and times (@pxref{Formatting Date and Time}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
What language to use for output, including error messages.
|
||||
(The C library doesn't yet help you implement this.)
|
||||
What language to use for output, including error messages
|
||||
(@pxref{Message Translation}).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
What language to use for user answers to yes-or-no questions.
|
||||
@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ Other aspects of locales are beyond the comprehension of the library.
|
||||
For example, the library can't automatically translate your program's
|
||||
output messages into other languages. The only way you can support
|
||||
output in the user's favorite language is to program this more or less
|
||||
by hand. (Eventually, we hope to provide facilities to make this
|
||||
easier.)
|
||||
by hand. The C library provides functions to handle translations for
|
||||
multiple languages easily.
|
||||
|
||||
This chapter discusses the mechanism by which you can modify the current
|
||||
locale. The effects of the current locale on specific library functions
|
||||
@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ most of Spain.
|
||||
The set of locales supported depends on the operating system you are
|
||||
using, and so do their names. We can't make any promises about what
|
||||
locales will exist, except for one standard locale called @samp{C} or
|
||||
@samp{POSIX}.
|
||||
@samp{POSIX}. Later we will describe how to construct locales XXX.
|
||||
@comment (@pxref{Building Locale Files}).
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex combining locales
|
||||
A user also has the option of specifying different locales for different
|
||||
@ -127,18 +128,16 @@ independently. Here is a table of categories; each name is both an
|
||||
environment variable that a user can set, and a macro name that you can
|
||||
use as an argument to @code{setlocale}.
|
||||
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@vtable @code
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_COLLATE
|
||||
@vindex LC_COLLATE
|
||||
This category applies to collation of strings (functions @code{strcoll}
|
||||
and @code{strxfrm}); see @ref{Collation Functions}.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_CTYPE
|
||||
@vindex LC_CTYPE
|
||||
This category applies to classification and conversion of characters,
|
||||
and to multibyte and wide characters;
|
||||
see @ref{Character Handling} and @ref{Extended Characters}.
|
||||
@ -146,47 +145,52 @@ see @ref{Character Handling} and @ref{Extended Characters}.
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_MONETARY
|
||||
@vindex LC_MONETARY
|
||||
This category applies to formatting monetary values; see @ref{Numeric
|
||||
Formatting}.
|
||||
This category applies to formatting monetary values; see @ref{General Numeric}.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_NUMERIC
|
||||
@vindex LC_NUMERIC
|
||||
This category applies to formatting numeric values that are not
|
||||
monetary; see @ref{Numeric Formatting}.
|
||||
monetary; see @ref{General Numeric}.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_TIME
|
||||
@vindex LC_TIME
|
||||
This category applies to formatting date and time values; see
|
||||
@ref{Formatting Date and Time}.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment XOPEN
|
||||
@item LC_MESSAGES
|
||||
@vindex LC_MESSAGES
|
||||
This category applies to selecting the language used in the user interface
|
||||
for message translation.
|
||||
@ignore see @ref{gettext} and @ref{catgets}
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
This category applies to selecting the language used in the user
|
||||
interface for message translation (@ref{The Uniforum approach} and
|
||||
@ref{Message catalogs a la X/Open}).
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LC_ALL
|
||||
@vindex LC_ALL
|
||||
This is not an environment variable; it is only a macro that you can use
|
||||
with @code{setlocale} to set a single locale for all purposes.
|
||||
with @code{setlocale} to set a single locale for all purposes. Setting
|
||||
this environment variable overwrites all selections by the other
|
||||
@code{LC_*} variables or @code{LANG}.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@item LANG
|
||||
@vindex LANG
|
||||
If this environment variable is defined, its value specifies the locale
|
||||
to use for all purposes except as overridden by the variables above.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@end vtable
|
||||
|
||||
@vindex LANGUAGE
|
||||
When developing the message translation functions it was felt that the
|
||||
functionality provided by the variables above is not sufficient. E.g., it
|
||||
should be possible to specify more than one locale name. For an example
|
||||
take a Swedish user who better speaks German than English, the programs
|
||||
messages by default are written in English. Then it should be possible
|
||||
to specify that the first choice for the language is Swedish, the second
|
||||
choice is German, and if this also fails English is used. This is
|
||||
possible with the variable @code{LANGUAGE}. For further description of
|
||||
this GNU extension see @ref{Using gettextized software}.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Setting the Locale, Standard Locales, Locale Categories, Locales
|
||||
@section How Programs Set the Locale
|
||||
@ -203,7 +207,8 @@ setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
to select a locale based on the appropriate environment variables.
|
||||
to select a locale based on the user choice of the appropriate
|
||||
environment variables.
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex changing the locale
|
||||
@cindex locale, changing
|
||||
@ -245,6 +250,10 @@ don't make any promises about what it looks like. But if you specify
|
||||
the same ``locale name'' with @code{LC_ALL} in a subsequent call to
|
||||
@code{setlocale}, it restores the same combination of locale selections.
|
||||
|
||||
To ensure to be able to use the string encoding the currently selected
|
||||
locale at a later time one has to make a copy of the string. It is not
|
||||
guaranteed that the return value stays valid all the time.
|
||||
|
||||
When the @var{locale} argument is not a null pointer, the string returned
|
||||
by @code{setlocale} reflects the newly modified locale.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -252,6 +261,9 @@ If you specify an empty string for @var{locale}, this means to read the
|
||||
appropriate environment variable and use its value to select the locale
|
||||
for @var{category}.
|
||||
|
||||
If a nonempty string is given for @var{locale} the locale with this name
|
||||
is used, if this is possible.
|
||||
|
||||
If you specify an invalid locale name, @code{setlocale} returns a null
|
||||
pointer and leaves the current locale unchanged.
|
||||
@end deftypefun
|
||||
@ -291,10 +303,11 @@ with_other_locale (char *new_locale,
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@strong{Portability Note:} Some @w{ISO C} systems may define additional
|
||||
locale categories. For portability, assume that any symbol beginning
|
||||
with @samp{LC_} might be defined in @file{locale.h}.
|
||||
locale categories and future versions of the library will do so. For
|
||||
portability, assume that any symbol beginning with @samp{LC_} might be
|
||||
defined in @file{locale.h}.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Standard Locales, Numeric Formatting, Setting the Locale, Locales
|
||||
@node Standard Locales, Locale Information, Setting the Locale, Locales
|
||||
@section Standard Locales
|
||||
|
||||
The only locale names you can count on finding on all operating systems
|
||||
@ -317,10 +330,10 @@ The empty name says to select a locale based on environment variables.
|
||||
|
||||
Defining and installing named locales is normally a responsibility of
|
||||
the system administrator at your site (or the person who installed the
|
||||
GNU C library). Some systems may allow users to create locales, but
|
||||
we don't discuss that here.
|
||||
@c ??? If we give the GNU system that capability, this place will have
|
||||
@c ??? to be changed.
|
||||
GNU C library). It is also possible for the user to create private
|
||||
locales. All this will be discussed later when describing the tool to
|
||||
do so XXX.
|
||||
@comment (@pxref{Building Locale Files}).
|
||||
|
||||
If your program needs to use something other than the @samp{C} locale,
|
||||
it will be more portable if you use whatever locale the user specifies
|
||||
@ -328,13 +341,52 @@ with the environment, rather than trying to specify some non-standard
|
||||
locale explicitly by name. Remember, different machines might have
|
||||
different sets of locales installed.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Numeric Formatting, , Standard Locales, Locales
|
||||
@section Numeric Formatting
|
||||
@node Locale Information, Formatting Numbers, Standard Locales, Locales
|
||||
@section Accessing the Locale Information
|
||||
|
||||
When you want to format a number or a currency amount using the
|
||||
conventions of the current locale, you can use the function
|
||||
@code{localeconv} to get the data on how to do it. The function
|
||||
@code{localeconv} is declared in the header file @file{locale.h}.
|
||||
There are several ways to access the locale information. The simplest
|
||||
way is to let the C library itself do the work. Several of the
|
||||
functions in this library access implicitly the locale data and use
|
||||
what information is available in the currently selected locale. This is
|
||||
how the locale model is meant to work normally.
|
||||
|
||||
As an example take the @code{strftime} function which is meant to nicely
|
||||
format date and time information (@pxref{Formatting Date and Time}).
|
||||
Part of the standard information contained in the @code{LC_TIME}
|
||||
category are, e.g., the names of the months. Instead of requiring the
|
||||
programmer to take care of providing the translations the
|
||||
@code{strftime} function does this all by itself. When using @code{%A}
|
||||
in the format string this will be replaced by the appropriate weekday
|
||||
name of the locale currently selected for @code{LC_TIME}. This is the
|
||||
easy part and wherever possible functions do things automatically as in
|
||||
this case.
|
||||
|
||||
But there are quite often situations when there is simply no functions
|
||||
to perform the task or it is simply not possible to do the work
|
||||
automatically. For these cases it is necessary to access the
|
||||
information in the locale directly. To do this the C library provides
|
||||
two functions: @code{localeconv} and @code{nl_langinfo}. The former is
|
||||
part of @w{ISO C} and therefore portable, but has a brain-damaged
|
||||
interface. The second is part of the Unix interface and is portable in
|
||||
as far as the system follows the Unix standards.
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* The Lame Way to Locale Data:: ISO C's @code{localeconv}.
|
||||
* The Elegant and Fast Way:: X/Open's @code{nl_langinfo}.
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node The Lame Way to Locale Data, The Elegant and Fast Way, ,Locale Information
|
||||
@subsection @code{localeconv}: It's portable but @dots{}
|
||||
|
||||
Together with the @code{setlocale} function the @w{ISO C} people
|
||||
invented @code{localeconv} function. It is a masterpiece of misdesign.
|
||||
It is expensive to use, it is not extendable, and does not generally
|
||||
usable as it provides access only to the @code{LC_MONETARY} and
|
||||
@code{LC_NUMERIC} related information. If it is applicable for a
|
||||
certain situation it should nevertheless be used since it is very
|
||||
portable. In general it is better to use the function @code{strfmon}
|
||||
which can be used to format monetary amounts correctly according to the
|
||||
selected locale by implicitly using this information.
|
||||
@pindex locale.h
|
||||
@cindex monetary value formatting
|
||||
@cindex numeric value formatting
|
||||
@ -346,7 +398,7 @@ The @code{localeconv} function returns a pointer to a structure whose
|
||||
components contain information about how numeric and monetary values
|
||||
should be formatted in the current locale.
|
||||
|
||||
You shouldn't modify the structure or its contents. The structure might
|
||||
You should not modify the structure or its contents. The structure might
|
||||
be overwritten by subsequent calls to @code{localeconv}, or by calls to
|
||||
@code{setlocale}, but no other function in the library overwrites this
|
||||
value.
|
||||
@ -355,7 +407,8 @@ value.
|
||||
@comment locale.h
|
||||
@comment ISO
|
||||
@deftp {Data Type} {struct lconv}
|
||||
This is the data type of the value returned by @code{localeconv}.
|
||||
This is the data type of the value returned by @code{localeconv}. Its
|
||||
elements are described in the following subsections.
|
||||
@end deftp
|
||||
|
||||
If a member of the structure @code{struct lconv} has type @code{char},
|
||||
@ -371,8 +424,8 @@ no value for that parameter.
|
||||
for a monetary amount, if one exists.
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node General Numeric, Currency Symbol, , Numeric Formatting
|
||||
@subsection Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters
|
||||
@node General Numeric, Currency Symbol, , The Lame Way to Locale Data
|
||||
@subsubsection Generic Numeric Formatting Parameters
|
||||
|
||||
These are the standard members of @code{struct lconv}; there may be
|
||||
others.
|
||||
@ -440,8 +493,8 @@ fractional digits. (This locale also specifies the empty string for
|
||||
confusing!)
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Currency Symbol, Sign of Money Amount, General Numeric, Numeric Formatting
|
||||
@subsection Printing the Currency Symbol
|
||||
@node Currency Symbol, Sign of Money Amount, General Numeric, The Lame Way to Locale Data
|
||||
@subsubsection Printing the Currency Symbol
|
||||
@cindex currency symbols
|
||||
|
||||
These members of the @code{struct lconv} structure specify how to print
|
||||
@ -538,8 +591,8 @@ Based on what we know now, we recommend you ignore these members when
|
||||
printing international currency symbols, and print no extra space.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Sign of Money Amount, , Currency Symbol, Numeric Formatting
|
||||
@subsection Printing the Sign of an Amount of Money
|
||||
@node Sign of Money Amount, , Currency Symbol, The Lame Way to Locale Data
|
||||
@subsubsection Printing the Sign of an Amount of Money
|
||||
|
||||
These members of the @code{struct lconv} structure specify how to print
|
||||
the sign (if any) in a monetary value.
|
||||
@ -599,3 +652,479 @@ international currency format or not. POSIX says you should, but
|
||||
intuition plus the examples in the @w{ISO C} standard suggest you should
|
||||
not. We hope that someone who knows well the conventions for formatting
|
||||
monetary quantities will tell us what we should recommend.
|
||||
|
||||
@node The Elegant and Fast Way, , The Lame Way to Locale Data, Locale Information
|
||||
@subsection Pinpoint Access to Locale Data
|
||||
|
||||
When writing the X/Open Portability Guide the authors realized that
|
||||
implicit used added to by the @code{localeconv} function is not enough
|
||||
to provide reasonable access to the locale information. The
|
||||
information which was meant to be available in the locale (as later
|
||||
specified in the POSIX.1 standard) requires more possibilities to access
|
||||
it. Therefore the @code{nl_langinfo} function was introduced.
|
||||
|
||||
@comment langinfo.h
|
||||
@comment XOPEN
|
||||
@deftypefun {char *} nl_langinfo (nl_item @var{item})
|
||||
The @code{nl_langinfo} function can be used to access individual
|
||||
elements of the locale categories. I.e., unlike the @code{localeconv}
|
||||
function which always returns all the information @code{nl_langinfo}
|
||||
lets the caller select what information is necessary. This is a very
|
||||
fast and it is no problem to call this function multiple times.
|
||||
|
||||
The second advantage is that not only the numeric and monetary
|
||||
formatting information is available. Also the information of the
|
||||
@code{LC_TIME} and @code{LC_MESSAGES} categories is available.
|
||||
|
||||
The type @code{nl_type} is defined in @file{nl_types.h}.
|
||||
The argument @var{item} is a numeric values which must be one of the
|
||||
values defined in the header @file{langinfo.h}. The X/Open standard
|
||||
defines the following values:
|
||||
|
||||
@vtable @code
|
||||
@item ABDAY_1
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_2
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_3
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_4
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_5
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_6
|
||||
@itemx ABDAY_7
|
||||
@code{nl_langinfo} returns the abbreviated weekday name. @code{ABDAY_1}
|
||||
corresponds to Sunday.
|
||||
@item DAY_1
|
||||
@itemx DAY_2
|
||||
@itemx DAY_3
|
||||
@itemx DAY_4
|
||||
@itemx DAY_5
|
||||
@itemx DAY_6
|
||||
@itemx DAY_7
|
||||
Similar to @code{ABDAY_1} etc, but here the return value are the
|
||||
unabbreviated weekday names.
|
||||
@item ABMON_1
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_2
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_3
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_4
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_5
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_6
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_7
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_8
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_9
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_10
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_11
|
||||
@itemx ABMON_12
|
||||
The return value are abbreviated names for the month names. @code{ABMON_1}
|
||||
corresponds to January.
|
||||
@item MON_1
|
||||
@itemx MON_2
|
||||
@itemx MON_3
|
||||
@itemx MON_4
|
||||
@itemx MON_5
|
||||
@itemx MON_6
|
||||
@itemx MON_7
|
||||
@itemx MON_8
|
||||
@itemx MON_9
|
||||
@itemx MON_10
|
||||
@itemx MON_11
|
||||
@itemx MON_12
|
||||
Similar to @code{ABMON_1} etc but here the month names are not abbreviated.
|
||||
Here the first value @code{MON_1} also corresponds to January.
|
||||
@item AM_STR
|
||||
@itemx PM_STR
|
||||
The return values are strings which can be used in the time representation
|
||||
which uses to American 1 to 12 hours plus am/pm representation.
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that in locales which do not know this time representation
|
||||
these strings actually might be empty and therefore the am/pm format
|
||||
cannot be used at all.
|
||||
@item D_T_FMT
|
||||
The return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent time and date in a locale specific way.
|
||||
@item D_FMT
|
||||
The return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent a date in a locale specific way.
|
||||
@item T_FMT
|
||||
The return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent time in a locale specific way.
|
||||
@item T_FMT_AMPM
|
||||
The return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent time using the American-style am/pm format.
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that if the am/pm format does not make any sense for the
|
||||
selected locale the returned value might be the same as the one for
|
||||
@code{T_FMT}.
|
||||
@item ERA
|
||||
The return value is value representing the eras of time used in the
|
||||
current locale.
|
||||
|
||||
Most locales do not define this value. An example for a locale which
|
||||
does define this value is the Japanese. Here the traditional data
|
||||
representation is based on the eras measured by the reigns of the
|
||||
emperors.
|
||||
|
||||
Normally it should not be necessary to use this value directly. Using
|
||||
the @code{E} modifier for its formats the @code{strftime} functions can
|
||||
be made to use this information. The format of the returned string
|
||||
is not specified and therefore one should not generalize the knowledge
|
||||
about the representation on one system.
|
||||
@item ERA_YEAR
|
||||
The return value describes the name years for the eras of this locale.
|
||||
As for @code{ERA} it should not be necessary to use this value directly.
|
||||
@item ERA_D_T_FMT
|
||||
This return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent time and date using the era representation in a locale
|
||||
specific way.
|
||||
@item ERA_D_FMT
|
||||
This return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent a date using the era representation in a locale specific way.
|
||||
@item ERA_T_FMT
|
||||
This return value can be used as a format string for @code{strftime} to
|
||||
represent time using the era representation in a locale specific way.
|
||||
@item ALT_DIGITS
|
||||
The return value is a representation of up to @math{100} values used to
|
||||
represent the values @math{0} to @math{99}. As for @code{ERA} this
|
||||
value is not intended to be used directly, but instead indirectly
|
||||
through the @code{strftime} function. When the modifier @code{O} is
|
||||
used for format which would use numerals to represent hours, minutes,
|
||||
seconds, weekdays, months, or weeks the appropriate value for this
|
||||
locale values is used instead of the number.
|
||||
@item INT_CURR_SYMBOL
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{int_curr_symbol} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item CURRENCY_SYMBOL
|
||||
@itemx CRNCYSTR
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{currency_symbol} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
|
||||
@code{CRNCYSTR} is a deprecated alias, still required by Unix98.
|
||||
@item MON_DECIMAL_POINT
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{mon_decimal_point} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item MON_THOUSANDS_SEP
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{mon_thousands_sep} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item MON_GROUPING
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{mon_grouping} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item POSITIVE_SIGN
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{positive_sign} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item NEGATIVE_SIGN
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{negative_sign} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item INT_FRAC_DIGITS
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{int_frac_digits} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item FRAC_DIGITS
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{frac_digits} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item P_CS_PRECEDES
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{p_cs_precedes} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item P_SEP_BY_SPACE
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{p_sep_by_space} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item N_CS_PRECEDES
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{n_cs_precedes} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item N_SEP_BY_SPACE
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{n_sep_by_space} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item P_SIGN_POSN
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{p_sign_posn} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item N_SIGN_POSN
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{n_sign_posn} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item DECIMAL_POINT
|
||||
@itemx RADIXCHAR
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{decimal_point} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
|
||||
The name @code{RADIXCHAR} is a deprecated alias still used in Unix98.
|
||||
@item THOUSANDS_SEP
|
||||
@itemx THOUSEP
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{thousands_sep} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
|
||||
The name @code{THOUSEP} is a deprecated alias still used in Unix98.
|
||||
@item GROUPING
|
||||
This value is the same as returned by @code{localeconv} in the
|
||||
@code{grouping} element of the @code{struct lconv}.
|
||||
@item YESEXPR
|
||||
The return value is a regular expression which can be used with the
|
||||
@code{regex} function to recognize a positive response to a yes/no
|
||||
question.
|
||||
@item NOEXPR
|
||||
The return value is a regular expression which can be used with the
|
||||
@code{regex} function to recognize a negative response to a yes/no
|
||||
question.
|
||||
@item YESSTR
|
||||
The return value is a locale specific translation of the positive response
|
||||
to a yes/no question.
|
||||
|
||||
Using this value is deprecated since it is a very special case of
|
||||
message translation and this better can be handled using the message
|
||||
translation functions (@pxref{Message Translation}).
|
||||
@item NOSTR
|
||||
The return value is a locale specific translation of the negative response
|
||||
to a yes/no question. What is said for @code{YESSTR} is also true here.
|
||||
@end vtable
|
||||
|
||||
The file @file{langinfo.h} defines a lot more symbols but none of them
|
||||
is official. Using them is completely unportable and the format of the
|
||||
return values might change. Therefore it is highly requested to not use
|
||||
them in any situation.
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that the return value for any valid argument can be used for
|
||||
in all situations (with the possible exception of the am/pm time format
|
||||
related values). If the user has not selected any locale for the
|
||||
appropriate category @code{nl_langinfo} returns the information from the
|
||||
@code{"C"} locale. It is therefore possible to use this function as
|
||||
shown in the example below.
|
||||
|
||||
If the argument @var{item} is not valid the global variable @var{errno}
|
||||
is set to @code{EINVAL} and a @code{NULL} pointer is returned.
|
||||
@end deftypefun
|
||||
|
||||
An example for the use of @code{nl_langinfo} is a function which has to
|
||||
print a given date and time in the locale specific way. At first one
|
||||
might think the since @code{strftime} internally uses the locale
|
||||
information writing something like the following is enough:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
size_t
|
||||
i18n_time_n_data (char *s, size_t len, const struct tm *tp)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
return strftime (s, len, "%X %D", tp);
|
||||
@}
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
The format contains no weekday or month names and therefore is
|
||||
internationally usable. Wrong! The output produced is something like
|
||||
@code{"hh:mm:ss MM/DD/YY"}. This format is only recognizable in the
|
||||
USA. Other countries use different formats. Therefore the function
|
||||
should be rewritten like this:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
size_t
|
||||
i18n_time_n_data (char *s, size_t len, const struct tm *tp)
|
||||
@{
|
||||
return strftime (s, len, nl_langinfo (D_T_FMT), tp);
|
||||
@}
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Now the date and time format which is explicitly selected for the locale
|
||||
in place when the program runs is used. If the user selects the locale
|
||||
correctly there should never be a misunderstanding over the time and
|
||||
date format.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Formatting Numbers, , Locale Information, Locales
|
||||
@section A dedicated functions to format numbers
|
||||
|
||||
We have seen the the structure returned by @code{localeconv} as well as
|
||||
the values given to @code{nl_langinfo} allow to retrieve the various
|
||||
pieces of locale specific information to format numbers and monetary
|
||||
amounts. But we have also seen that the rules underlying this
|
||||
information are quite complex.
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore the X/Open standards introduce a function which uses this
|
||||
information from the locale and so makes it is for the user to format
|
||||
numbers according to these rules.
|
||||
|
||||
@deftypefun ssize_t strfmon (char *@var{s}, size_t @var{maxsize}, const char *@var{format}, @dots{})
|
||||
The @code{strfmon} function is similar to the @code{strftime} function
|
||||
in that it takes a description of a buffer (with size), a format string
|
||||
and values to write into a buffer a textual representation of the values
|
||||
according to the format string. As for @code{strftime} the function
|
||||
also returns the number of bytes written into the buffer.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two difference: @code{strfmon} can take more than one argument
|
||||
and of course the format specification is different. The format string
|
||||
consists as for @code{strftime} of normal text which is simply printed
|
||||
and format specifiers, which here are also introduced using @samp{%}.
|
||||
Following the @samp{%} the function allows similar to @code{printf} a
|
||||
sequence of flags and other specifications before the format character:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Immediately following the @samp{%} there can be one or more of the
|
||||
following flags:
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item @samp{=@var{f}}
|
||||
The single byte character @var{f} is used for this field as the numeric
|
||||
fill character. By default this character is a space character.
|
||||
Filling with this character is only performed if a left precision
|
||||
is specified. It is not just to fill to the given field width.
|
||||
@item @samp{^}
|
||||
The number is printed without grouping the digits using the rules of the
|
||||
current locale. By default grouping is enabled.
|
||||
@item @samp{+}, @samp{(}
|
||||
At most one of these flags must be used. They select which format to
|
||||
represent the sign of currency amount is used. By default and if
|
||||
@samp{+} is used the locale equivalent to @math{+}/@math{-} is used. If
|
||||
@samp{(} is used negative amounts are enclosed in parentheses. The
|
||||
exact format is determined by the values of the @code{LC_MONETARY}
|
||||
category of the locale selected at program runtime.
|
||||
@item @samp{!}
|
||||
The output will not contain the currency symbol.
|
||||
@item @samp{-}
|
||||
The output will be formatted right-justified instead left-justified if
|
||||
the output does not fill the entire field width.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
The next part of a specification is an, again optional, specification of
|
||||
the field width. The width is given by digits following the flags. If
|
||||
no width is specified it is assumed to be @math{0}. The width value is
|
||||
used after it is determined how much space the printed result needs. If
|
||||
it does not require fewer characters than specified by the width value
|
||||
nothing happens. Otherwise the output is extended to use as many
|
||||
characters as the width says by filling with spaces. At which side
|
||||
depends on whether the @samp{-} flag was given or not. If it was given,
|
||||
the spaces are added at the right, making the output right-justified and
|
||||
vice versa.
|
||||
|
||||
So far the format looks familiar as it is similar to @code{printf} or
|
||||
@code{strftime} formats. But the next two fields introduce something
|
||||
new. The first one, if available, is introduced by a @samp{#} character
|
||||
which is followed by a decimal digit string. The value of the digit
|
||||
string specifies the width the formatted digits left to the radix
|
||||
character. This does @emph{not} include the grouping character needed
|
||||
if the @samp{^} flag is not given. If the space needed to print the
|
||||
number does not fill the whole width the field is padded at the left
|
||||
side with the fill character which can be selected using the @samp{=}
|
||||
flag and which by default is a space. For example, if the field width
|
||||
is selected as 6 and the number is @math{123}, the fill character is
|
||||
@samp{*} the result will be @samp{***123}.
|
||||
|
||||
The next field is introduced by a @samp{.} (period) and consists of
|
||||
another decimal digit string. Its value describes the number of
|
||||
characters printed after the radix character. The default is
|
||||
selected from the current locale (@code{frac_digits},
|
||||
@code{int_frac_digits}, see @pxref{General Numeric}). If the exact
|
||||
representation needs more digits than those specified by the field width
|
||||
the displayed value is rounded. In case the number of fractional digits
|
||||
is selected to be zero, no radix character is printed.
|
||||
|
||||
As a GNU extension the @code{strfmon} implementation in the GNU libc
|
||||
allows as the next field an optional @samp{L} as a format modifier. If
|
||||
this modifier is given the argument is expected to be a @code{long
|
||||
double} instead of a @code{double} value.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally as the last component of the format there must come a format
|
||||
specifying. There are three specifiers defined:
|
||||
|
||||
@table @asis
|
||||
@item @samp{i}
|
||||
The argument is formatted according to the locale's rules to format an
|
||||
international currency value.
|
||||
@item @samp{n}
|
||||
The argument is formatted according to the locale's rules to format an
|
||||
national currency value.
|
||||
@item @samp{%}
|
||||
Creates a @samp{%} in the output. There must be no flag, width
|
||||
specifier or modifier given, only @samp{%%} is allowed.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
As it is done for @code{printf}, the function read the format string
|
||||
from left to right and uses the value passed to the function following
|
||||
the format string. The value are expected to be either of type
|
||||
@code{double} or @code{long double}, depending in the presence of the
|
||||
modifier @samp{L}. The result is stored in the buffer pointed to by
|
||||
@var{s}. At most @var{maxsize} characters are stored.
|
||||
|
||||
The return value of the function is the number of characters stored in
|
||||
@var{s}, including the terminating NUL byte.. If the number of
|
||||
characters stored would exceed @var{maxsize} the function returns
|
||||
@math{-1} and the content of the buffer @var{s} is unspecified. In this
|
||||
case @code{errno} is set to @code{E2BIG}.
|
||||
@end deftypefun
|
||||
|
||||
A few examples should make the clear how to use this function. It is
|
||||
assumed that all the following pieces of code are executed in a program
|
||||
which uses the locale valid for the USA (@code{en_US}). The simplest
|
||||
form of the format is this:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
strfmon (buf, 100, "@@%n@@%n@@%n@@", 123.45, -567.89, 12345.678);
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
The output produced is
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
"@@$123.45@@-$123.45@@$12,345.68@@"
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
We can notice several things here. First, the width for all formats is
|
||||
different. We have not specified a width in the format string and so
|
||||
this is no wonder. Second, the third number is printed using thousands
|
||||
separators. The thousands separator for the @code{en_US} locale is a
|
||||
comma. Beside this the number is rounded. The @math{.678} are rounded
|
||||
to @math{.68} since the format does not specify a precision and the
|
||||
default value in the locale is @math{2}. A last thing is that the
|
||||
national currency symbol is printed since @samp{%n} was used, not
|
||||
@samp{i}. The next example shows how we can align the output.
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
strfmon (buf, 100, "@@%=*11n@@%=*11n@@%=*11n@@", 123.45, -567.89, 12345.678);
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
The output this time is:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
"@@ $123.45@@ -$123.45@@ $12,345.68@@"
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Two things stand out. First, all fields have the same width (eleven
|
||||
characters) since this is the width given in the format and since no
|
||||
number required more characters to be printed. The second important
|
||||
point is that the fill character is not used. This is correct since the
|
||||
white space was not used to fill the space specified by the right
|
||||
precision, but instead it is used to fill to the given width. The
|
||||
difference becomes obvious if we now add a right width specification.
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
strfmon (buf, 100, "@@%=*11#5n@@%=*11#5n@@%=*11#5n@@",
|
||||
123.45, -567.89, 12345.678);
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
The output is
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
"@@ $***123.45@@-$***567.89@@ $12,456.68@@"
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Here we can see that all the currency symbols are now aligned and the
|
||||
space between the currency sign and the number is filled with the
|
||||
selected fill character. Please note that although the right precision
|
||||
is selected to be @math{5} and @math{123.45} has three characters right
|
||||
of the radix character, the space is filled with three asterisks. This
|
||||
is correct since as explained above, the right precision does not count
|
||||
the characters used for the thousands separators in. One last example
|
||||
should explain the remaining functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
strfmon (buf, 100, "@@%=0(16#5.3i@@%=0(16#5.3i@@%=0(16#5.3i@@",
|
||||
123.45, -567.89, 12345.678);
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
This rather complex format string produces the following output:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
"@@ USD 000123,450 @@(USD 000567.890)@@ USD 12,345.678 @@"
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
The most noticeable change is the use of the alternative style to
|
||||
represent negative numbers. In financial circles it is often done using
|
||||
braces and this is what the @samp{(} flag selected. The fill character
|
||||
is now @samp{0}. Please note that this @samp{0} character is not
|
||||
regarded as a numeric zero and therefore the first and second number are
|
||||
not printed using a thousands separator. Since we use in the format the
|
||||
specifier @samp{i} instead of @samp{n} no the international form of the
|
||||
currency symbol is used. This is a four letter string, in this case
|
||||
@code{"USD "}. The last point is that since the left precision is
|
||||
selected to be three the first and second number are printed with and
|
||||
extra zero and the end and the third number is printed unrounded.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -633,6 +633,7 @@ determined by the currently selected locale. In the standard @code{"C"}
|
||||
locale the characters @"A and @"a do not match but in a locale which
|
||||
regards these characters as parts of the alphabet they do match.
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
@code{strcasecmp} is derived from BSD.
|
||||
@end deftypefun
|
||||
|
||||
@ -643,6 +644,7 @@ This function is like @code{strncmp}, except that differences in case
|
||||
are ignored. Like @code{strcasecmp}, it is locale dependent how
|
||||
uppercase and lowercase characters are related.
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
@code{strncasecmp} is a GNU extension.
|
||||
@end deftypefun
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files.
|
||||
% $Id: texinfo.tex,v 2.219 1998/08/15 02:38:13 drepper Exp $
|
||||
% $Id: texinfo.tex,v 2.220 1998/09/01 10:37:39 drepper Exp $
|
||||
%
|
||||
% Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
|
||||
% Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
|
||||
% reports; you can get the latest version from:
|
||||
% ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo.tex
|
||||
% /home/gd/gnu/doc/texinfo.tex on the GNU machines.
|
||||
% (and all GNU mirrors, see ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FTP)
|
||||
% (and all GNU mirrors, see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html)
|
||||
% ftp://tug.org/tex/texinfo.tex
|
||||
% ftp://ctan.org/macros/texinfo/texinfo.tex
|
||||
% (and all CTAN mirrors, finger ctan@ctan.org for a list).
|
||||
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
% This automatically updates the version number based on RCS.
|
||||
\def\deftexinfoversion$#1: #2 ${\def\texinfoversion{#2}}
|
||||
\deftexinfoversion$Revision: 2.219 $
|
||||
\deftexinfoversion$Revision: 2.220 $
|
||||
\message{Loading texinfo package [Version \texinfoversion]:}
|
||||
|
||||
% If in a .fmt file, print the version number
|
||||
@ -343,11 +343,11 @@
|
||||
%% Call \inENV within environments (after a \begingroup)
|
||||
\newif\ifENV \ENVfalse \def\inENV{\ifENV\relax\else\ENVtrue\fi}
|
||||
\def\ENVcheck{%
|
||||
\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment. Type Return to continue.}
|
||||
\ifENV\errmessage{Still within an environment; press RETURN to continue}
|
||||
\endgroup\fi} % This is not perfect, but it should reduce lossage
|
||||
|
||||
% @begin foo is the same as @foo, for now.
|
||||
\newhelp\EMsimple{Type <Return> to continue.}
|
||||
\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.}
|
||||
|
||||
\outer\def\begin{\parsearg\beginxxx}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1841,15 +1841,13 @@ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
|
||||
\itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse
|
||||
\else
|
||||
% The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the
|
||||
% following text (if any) will end up on the same line. Since that
|
||||
% text will be indented by \tableindent, we make the item text be in
|
||||
% a zero-width box.
|
||||
% following text (if any) will end up on the same line.
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
% Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in
|
||||
% the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and
|
||||
% eventually be printed.
|
||||
\nobreak\kern-\tableindent
|
||||
\dimen0 = \itemmax \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
|
||||
\dimen0 = \itemmax \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0
|
||||
\unhbox0
|
||||
\nobreak\kern\dimen0
|
||||
\endgroup
|
||||
@ -3997,20 +3995,18 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
% outside the @def...
|
||||
\dimen2=\leftskip
|
||||
\advance\dimen2 by -\defbodyindent
|
||||
\dimen3=\rightskip
|
||||
\advance\dimen3 by -\defbodyindent
|
||||
\noindent %
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\setbox0=\hbox{\hskip \deflastargmargin{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}%
|
||||
\dimen0=\hsize \advance \dimen0 by -\wd0 % compute size for first line
|
||||
\dimen1=\hsize \advance \dimen1 by -\defargsindent %size for continuations
|
||||
\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1 %
|
||||
\parshape 2 0in \dimen0 \defargsindent \dimen1
|
||||
% Now output arg 2 ("Function" or some such)
|
||||
% ending at \deftypemargin from the right margin,
|
||||
% but stuck inside a box of width 0 so it does not interfere with linebreaking
|
||||
{% Adjust \hsize to exclude the ambient margins,
|
||||
% so that \rightline will obey them.
|
||||
\advance \hsize by -\dimen2 \advance \hsize by -\dimen3
|
||||
\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip \deftypemargin}}}%
|
||||
\advance \hsize by -\dimen2
|
||||
\rlap{\rightline{{\rm #2}\hskip -1.25pc }}}%
|
||||
% Make all lines underfull and no complaints:
|
||||
\tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
|
||||
@ -4031,7 +4027,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
|
||||
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit#3}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup %
|
||||
\catcode 61=\active % 61 is `='
|
||||
@ -4049,7 +4045,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
|
||||
\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}}}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4067,7 +4063,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
|
||||
\def#2##1 ##2 {\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##1}{##2}}}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#4}{#5}}}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4079,7 +4075,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\activeparens\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4094,7 +4090,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
|
||||
\def#2{\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit#3}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup %
|
||||
\catcode 61=\active %
|
||||
@ -4111,7 +4107,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#1{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
|
||||
\def#2##1 {\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##1}}}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -4156,7 +4152,7 @@ width0pt\relax} \fi
|
||||
\def#2##1 ##2 {\def#4{##1}%
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{##2}}}%
|
||||
\parindent=0in
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent \advance \rightskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent
|
||||
\exdentamount=\defbodyindent
|
||||
\begingroup\obeylines\spacesplit{#3{#5}}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -227,10 +227,15 @@ Locales
|
||||
* Setting the Locale:: How a program specifies the locale
|
||||
with library functions.
|
||||
* Standard Locales:: Locale names available on all systems.
|
||||
* Numeric Formatting:: How to format numbers according to the
|
||||
chosen locale.
|
||||
* Locale Information:: How to access the information for the locale.
|
||||
* Formatting Numbers:: A dedicated functions to format numbers.
|
||||
|
||||
Numeric Formatting
|
||||
Locale Information
|
||||
|
||||
* The Lame Way to Locale Data:: ISO C's @code{localeconv}.
|
||||
* The Elegant and Fast Way:: X/Open's @code{nl_langinfo}.
|
||||
|
||||
The Lame Way to Locale Data
|
||||
|
||||
* General Numeric:: Parameters for formatting numbers and
|
||||
currency amounts.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ _nss_nis_getpwnam_r (const char *name, struct passwd *pwd,
|
||||
char *endp;
|
||||
size_t restlen;
|
||||
|
||||
if (encrypted != NULL
|
||||
if (encrypted == NULL
|
||||
|| (endp = strchr (++encrypted, ':')) == NULL
|
||||
|| (p = strchr (p + 1, ':')) == NULL)
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ _nss_nis_getpwuid_r (uid_t uid, struct passwd *pwd,
|
||||
char *endp;
|
||||
size_t restlen;
|
||||
|
||||
if (encrypted != NULL
|
||||
if (encrypted == NULL
|
||||
|| (endp = strchr (++encrypted, ':')) == NULL
|
||||
|| (p = strchr (p + 1, ':')) == NULL)
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user