diff --git a/nptl/pthreadP.h b/nptl/pthreadP.h
index 79be1bc70f..6bc57f494f 100644
--- a/nptl/pthreadP.h
+++ b/nptl/pthreadP.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <kernel-features.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <internal-signals.h>
+#include <pthread_mutex_backoff.h>
 #include "pthread_mutex_conf.h"
 
 
diff --git a/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c b/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c
index 253743f76c..16fb05a2bb 100644
--- a/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c
+++ b/nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c
@@ -130,14 +130,26 @@ __pthread_mutex_lock (pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
 	  int cnt = 0;
 	  int max_cnt = MIN (max_adaptive_count (),
 			     mutex->__data.__spins * 2 + 10);
+	  int spin_count, exp_backoff = 1;
+	  unsigned int jitter = get_jitter ();
 	  do
 	    {
-	      if (cnt++ >= max_cnt)
+	      /* In each loop, spin count is exponential backoff plus
+		 random jitter, random range is [0, exp_backoff-1].  */
+	      spin_count = exp_backoff + (jitter & (exp_backoff - 1));
+	      cnt += spin_count;
+	      if (cnt >= max_cnt)
 		{
+		  /* If cnt exceeds max spin count, just go to wait
+		     queue.  */
 		  LLL_MUTEX_LOCK (mutex);
 		  break;
 		}
-	      atomic_spin_nop ();
+	      do
+		atomic_spin_nop ();
+	      while (--spin_count > 0);
+	      /* Prepare for next loop.  */
+	      exp_backoff = get_next_backoff (exp_backoff);
 	    }
 	  while (LLL_MUTEX_READ_LOCK (mutex) != 0
 		 || LLL_MUTEX_TRYLOCK (mutex) != 0);
diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h b/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b26c22ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* Pthread mutex backoff configuration.
+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+#ifndef _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H
+#define _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H 1
+
+static inline unsigned int
+get_jitter (void)
+{
+  /* Arch dependent random jitter, return 0 disables random.  */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int
+get_next_backoff (int backoff)
+{
+  /* Next backoff, return 1 disables mutex backoff.  */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h b/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec74c3d9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/pthread_mutex_backoff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* Pthread mutex backoff configuration.
+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+#ifndef _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H
+#define _PTHREAD_MUTEX_BACKOFF_H 1
+
+#include <fast-jitter.h>
+
+static inline unsigned int
+get_jitter (void)
+{
+  return get_fast_jitter ();
+}
+
+#define MAX_BACKOFF 16
+
+static inline int
+get_next_backoff (int backoff)
+{
+  /* Binary expontial backoff. Limiting max backoff
+     can reduce latency in large critical section.  */
+  return (backoff < MAX_BACKOFF) ? backoff << 1 : backoff;
+}
+
+#endif