csu: Implement and use _dl_early_allocate during static startup

This implements mmap fallback for a brk failure during TLS
allocation.

scripts/tls-elf-edit.py is updated to support the new patching method.
The script no longer requires that in the input object is of ET_DYN
type.

Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella  <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
(cherry picked from commit f787e138aa)

csu/libc-tls.c

@@ -144,11 +144,16 @@ __libc_setup_tls (void)
      _dl_allocate_tls_storage (in elf/dl-tls.c) does using __libc_memalign
      and dl_tls_static_align.  */
   tcb_offset = roundup (memsz + GLRO(dl_tls_static_surplus), max_align);
-  tlsblock = __sbrk (tcb_offset + TLS_INIT_TCB_SIZE + max_align);
+  tlsblock = _dl_early_allocate (tcb_offset + TLS_INIT_TCB_SIZE + max_align);
+  if (tlsblock == NULL)
+    _startup_fatal ("Fatal glibc error: Cannot allocate TLS block\n");
 #elif TLS_DTV_AT_TP
   tcb_offset = roundup (TLS_INIT_TCB_SIZE, align ?: 1);
-  tlsblock = __sbrk (tcb_offset + memsz + max_align
-		     + TLS_PRE_TCB_SIZE + GLRO(dl_tls_static_surplus));
+  tlsblock = _dl_early_allocate (tcb_offset + memsz + max_align
+				 + TLS_PRE_TCB_SIZE
+				 + GLRO(dl_tls_static_surplus));
+  if (tlsblock == NULL)
+    _startup_fatal ("Fatal glibc error: Cannot allocate TLS block\n");
   tlsblock += TLS_PRE_TCB_SIZE;
 #else
   /* In case a model with a different layout for the TCB and DTV

elf/Makefile

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ routines = \
   $(all-dl-routines) \
   dl-addr \
   dl-addr-obj \
+  dl-early_allocate \
   dl-error \
   dl-iteratephdr \
   dl-libc \
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ all-dl-routines = $(dl-routines) $(sysdep-dl-routines)
 # But they are absent from the shared libc, because that code is in ld.so.
 elide-routines.os = \
   $(all-dl-routines) \
+  dl-early_allocate \
   dl-exception \
   dl-origin \
   dl-reloc-static-pie \
@@ -253,6 +255,7 @@ tests-static-normal := \
   tst-linkall-static \
   tst-single_threaded-pthread-static \
   tst-single_threaded-static \
+  tst-tls-allocation-failure-static \
   tst-tlsalign-extern-static \
   tst-tlsalign-static \
   # tests-static-normal
@@ -1062,6 +1065,10 @@ $(objpfx)tst-glibcelf.out: tst-glibcelf.py elf.h $(..)/scripts/glibcelf.py \
           --cc="$(CC) $(patsubst -DMODULE_NAME=%,-DMODULE_NAME=testsuite,$(CPPFLAGS))" \
 	  < /dev/null > $@ 2>&1; $(evaluate-test)
 
+ifeq ($(run-built-tests),yes)
+tests-special += $(objpfx)tst-tls-allocation-failure-static-patched.out
+endif
+
 # The test requires shared _and_ PIE because the executable
 # unit test driver must be able to link with the shared object
 # that is going to eventually go into an installed DSO.
@@ -2591,3 +2598,15 @@ $(objpfx)tst-ro-dynamic-mod.so: $(objpfx)tst-ro-dynamic-mod.os \
 	$(LINK.o) -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -o $@ \
 		-Wl,--script=tst-ro-dynamic-mod.map \
 		$(objpfx)tst-ro-dynamic-mod.os
+
+$(objpfx)tst-tls-allocation-failure-static-patched: \
+  $(objpfx)tst-tls-allocation-failure-static $(..)scripts/tst-elf-edit.py
+	cp $< $@
+	$(PYTHON) $(..)scripts/tst-elf-edit.py --maximize-tls-size $@
+
+$(objpfx)tst-tls-allocation-failure-static-patched.out: \
+  $(objpfx)tst-tls-allocation-failure-static-patched
+	$< > $@ 2>&1; echo "status: $$?" >> $@
+	grep -q '^Fatal glibc error: Cannot allocate TLS block$$' $@ \
+	  && grep -q '^status: 127$$' $@; \
+	  $(evaluate-test)

elf/dl-early_allocate.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* Early memory allocation for the dynamic loader.  Generic version.
+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <ldsodefs.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+void *
+_dl_early_allocate (size_t size)
+{
+  void *result = __sbrk (size);
+  if (result == (void *) -1)
+    result = NULL;
+  return result;
+}

elf/tst-tls-allocation-failure-static.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* Base for test program with impossiblyh large PT_TLS segment.
+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* The test actual binary is patched using scripts/tst-elf-edit.py
+   --maximize-tls-size, and this introduces the expected test
+   allocation failure due to an excessive PT_LS p_memsz value.
+
+   Patching the binary is required because on some 64-bit targets, TLS
+   relocations can only cover a 32-bit range, and glibc-internal TLS
+   variables such as errno end up outside that range.  */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  return 0;
+}

scripts/tst-elf-edit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+# ELF editor for load align tests.
+# Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright The GNU Toolchain Authors.
+# This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+#
+# The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+# <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+import struct
+
+EI_NIDENT=16
+
+EI_MAG0=0
+ELFMAG0=b'\x7f'
+EI_MAG1=1
+ELFMAG1=b'E'
+EI_MAG2=2
+ELFMAG2=b'L'
+EI_MAG3=3
+ELFMAG3=b'F'
+
+EI_CLASS=4
+ELFCLASSNONE=b'0'
+ELFCLASS32=b'\x01'
+ELFCLASS64=b'\x02'
+
+EI_DATA=5
+ELFDATA2LSB=b'\x01'
+ELFDATA2MSB=b'\x02'
+
+ET_EXEC=2
+ET_DYN=3
+
+PT_LOAD=1
+PT_TLS=7
+
+def elf_types_fmts(e_ident):
+    endian = '<' if e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2LSB else '>'
+    addr = 'I' if e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32 else 'Q'
+    off = 'I' if e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32 else 'Q'
+    return (endian, addr, off)
+
+class Elf_Ehdr:
+    def __init__(self, e_ident):
+        endian, addr, off = elf_types_fmts(e_ident)
+        self.fmt = '{0}HHI{1}{2}{2}IHHHHHH'.format(endian, addr, off)
+        self.len = struct.calcsize(self.fmt)
+
+    def read(self, f):
+        buf = f.read(self.len)
+        if not buf:
+            error('{}: header too small'.format(f.name))
+        data = struct.unpack(self.fmt, buf)
+        self.e_type = data[0]
+        self.e_machine = data[1]
+        self.e_version = data[2]
+        self.e_entry = data[3]
+        self.e_phoff = data[4]
+        self.e_shoff = data[5]
+        self.e_flags = data[6]
+        self.e_ehsize = data[7]
+        self.e_phentsize= data[8]
+        self.e_phnum = data[9]
+        self.e_shstrndx = data[10]
+
+
+class Elf_Phdr:
+    def __init__(self, e_ident):
+        endian, addr, off = elf_types_fmts(e_ident)
+        self.ei_class = e_ident[EI_CLASS]
+        if self.ei_class == ELFCLASS32:
+            self.fmt = '{0}I{2}{1}{1}IIII'.format(endian, addr, off)
+        else:
+            self.fmt = '{0}II{2}{1}{1}QQQ'.format(endian, addr, off)
+        self.len = struct.calcsize(self.fmt)
+
+    def read(self, f):
+        buf = f.read(self.len)
+        if len(buf) < self.len:
+            error('{}: program header too small'.format(f.name))
+        data = struct.unpack(self.fmt, buf)
+        if self.ei_class == ELFCLASS32:
+            self.p_type = data[0]
+            self.p_offset = data[1]
+            self.p_vaddr = data[2]
+            self.p_paddr = data[3]
+            self.p_filesz = data[4]
+            self.p_memsz = data[5]
+            self.p_flags = data[6]
+            self.p_align = data[7]
+        else:
+            self.p_type = data[0]
+            self.p_flags = data[1]
+            self.p_offset = data[2]
+            self.p_vaddr = data[3]
+            self.p_paddr = data[4]
+            self.p_filesz = data[5]
+            self.p_memsz = data[6]
+            self.p_align = data[7]
+
+    def write(self, f):
+        if self.ei_class == ELFCLASS32:
+            data = struct.pack(self.fmt,
+                               self.p_type,
+                               self.p_offset,
+                               self.p_vaddr,
+                               self.p_paddr,
+                               self.p_filesz,
+                               self.p_memsz,
+                               self.p_flags,
+                               self.p_align)
+        else:
+            data = struct.pack(self.fmt,
+                               self.p_type,
+                               self.p_flags,
+                               self.p_offset,
+                               self.p_vaddr,
+                               self.p_paddr,
+                               self.p_filesz,
+                               self.p_memsz,
+                               self.p_align)
+        f.write(data)
+
+
+def error(msg):
+    print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def elf_edit_align(phdr, align):
+    if align == 'half':
+        phdr.p_align = phdr.p_align >> 1
+    else:
+        phdr.p_align = int(align)
+
+def elf_edit_maximize_tls_size(phdr, elfclass):
+    if elfclass == ELFCLASS32:
+        # It is possible that the kernel can allocate half of the
+        # address space, so use something larger.
+        phdr.p_memsz = 0xfff00000
+    else:
+        phdr.p_memsz = 1 << 63
+
+def elf_edit(f, opts):
+    ei_nident_fmt = 'c' * EI_NIDENT
+    ei_nident_len = struct.calcsize(ei_nident_fmt)
+
+    data = f.read(ei_nident_len)
+    if len(data) < ei_nident_len:
+      error('{}: e_nident too small'.format(f.name))
+    e_ident = struct.unpack(ei_nident_fmt, data)
+
+    if e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 \
+       or e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 \
+       or e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 \
+       or e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3:
+      error('{}: bad ELF header'.format(f.name))
+
+    if e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS32 \
+       and e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS64:
+      error('{}: unsupported ELF class: {}'.format(f.name, e_ident[EI_CLASS]))
+
+    if e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB \
+       and e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB: \
+      error('{}: unsupported ELF data: {}'.format(f.name, e_ident[EI_DATA]))
+
+    ehdr = Elf_Ehdr(e_ident)
+    ehdr.read(f)
+    if ehdr.e_type not in (ET_EXEC, ET_DYN):
+       error('{}: not an executable or shared library'.format(f.name))
+
+    phdr = Elf_Phdr(e_ident)
+    maximize_tls_size_done = False
+    for i in range(0, ehdr.e_phnum):
+        f.seek(ehdr.e_phoff + i * phdr.len)
+        phdr.read(f)
+        if phdr.p_type == PT_LOAD and opts.align is not None:
+            elf_edit_align(phdr, opts.align)
+            f.seek(ehdr.e_phoff + i * phdr.len)
+            phdr.write(f)
+            break
+        if phdr.p_type == PT_TLS and opts.maximize_tls_size:
+            elf_edit_maximize_tls_size(phdr, e_ident[EI_CLASS])
+            f.seek(ehdr.e_phoff + i * phdr.len)
+            phdr.write(f)
+            maximize_tls_size_done = True
+            break
+
+    if opts.maximize_tls_size and not maximize_tls_size_done:
+        error('{}: TLS maximum size was not updated'.format(f.name))
+
+def get_parser():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument('-a', dest='align',
+                        help='How to set the LOAD alignment')
+    parser.add_argument('--maximize-tls-size', action='store_true',
+                        help='Set maximum PT_TLS size')
+    parser.add_argument('output',
+                        help='ELF file to edit')
+    return parser
+
+
+def main(argv):
+    parser = get_parser()
+    opts = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    with open(opts.output, 'r+b') as fout:
+       elf_edit(fout, opts)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])

sysdeps/generic/ldsodefs.h

@@ -1226,6 +1226,11 @@ extern struct link_map * _dl_get_dl_main_map (void)
 # endif
 #endif
 
+/* Perform early memory allocation, avoding a TCB dependency.
+   Terminate the process if allocation fails.  May attempt to use
+   brk.  */
+void *_dl_early_allocate (size_t size) attribute_hidden;
+
 /* Initialization of libpthread for statically linked applications.
    If libpthread is not linked in, this is an empty function.  */
 void __pthread_initialize_minimal (void) weak_function;

sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/dl-early_allocate.c

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/* Early memory allocation for the dynamic loader.  Generic version.
+   Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* Mark symbols hidden in static PIE for early self relocation to work.  */
+#if BUILD_PIE_DEFAULT
+# pragma GCC visibility push(hidden)
+#endif
+#include <startup.h>
+
+#include <ldsodefs.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sysdep.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <brk_call.h>
+#include <mmap_call.h>
+
+/* Defined in brk.c.  */
+extern void *__curbrk;
+
+void *
+_dl_early_allocate (size_t size)
+{
+  void *result;
+
+  if (__curbrk != NULL)
+    /* If the break has been initialized, brk must have run before,
+       so just call it once more.  */
+    {
+      result = __sbrk (size);
+      if (result == (void *) -1)
+        result = NULL;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* If brk has not been invoked, there is no need to update
+         __curbrk.  The first call to brk will take care of that.  */
+      void *previous = __brk_call (0);
+      result = __brk_call (previous + size);
+      if (result == previous)
+        result = NULL;
+      else
+        result = previous;
+    }
+
+  /* If brk fails, fall back to mmap.  This can happen due to
+     unfortunate ASLR layout decisions and kernel bugs, particularly
+     for static PIE.  */
+  if (result == NULL)
+    {
+      long int ret;
+      int prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+      int flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS;
+#ifdef __NR_mmap2
+      ret = MMAP_CALL_INTERNAL (mmap2, 0, size, prot, flags, -1, 0);
+#else
+      ret = MMAP_CALL_INTERNAL (mmap, 0, size, prot, flags, -1, 0);
+#endif
+      if (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERROR_P (ret))
+        result = NULL;
+      else
+        result = (void *) ret;
+    }
+
+  return result;
+}