Even for explicit large page support, allocation might use mmap without
the hugepage bit set if the requested size is smaller than
mmap_threshold. For this case where mmap is issued, MAP_HUGETLB is set
iff the allocation size is larger than the used large page.
To force such allocations to use large pages, also tune the mmap_threhold
(if it is not explicit set by a tunable). This forces allocation to
follow the sbrk path, which will fall back to mmap (which will try large
pages before galling back to default mmap).
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Zhangfei Gao <zhangfei.gao@linaro.org>
This restore the 2.33 semantic for arena_get2. It was changed by
11a02b035b to avoid arena_get2 call malloc (back when __get_nproc
was refactored to use an scratch_buffer - 903bc7dcc2). The
__get_nproc was refactored over then and now it also avoid to call
malloc.
The 11a02b035b did not take in consideration any performance
implication, which should have been discussed properly. The
__get_nprocs_sched is still used as a fallback mechanism if procfs
and sysfs is not acessible.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Add anonymous mmap annotations on loader malloc, malloc when it
allocates memory with mmap, and on malloc arena. The /proc/self/maps
will now print:
[anon: glibc: malloc arena]
[anon: glibc: malloc]
[anon: glibc: loader malloc]
On arena allocation, glibc annotates only the read/write mapping.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu and aarch64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
With gcc 13.1 with --enable-fortify-source=2, tst-tcfree3 fails to
build on csky-linux-gnuabiv2 with:
../string/bits/string_fortified.h: In function ‘do_test’:
../string/bits/string_fortified.h:26:8: error: inlining failed in call
to ‘always_inline’ ‘memcpy’: target specific option mismatch
26 | __NTH (memcpy (void *__restrict __dest, const void *__restrict
__src,
| ^~~~~~
../misc/sys/cdefs.h:81:62: note: in definition of macro ‘__NTH’
81 | # define __NTH(fct) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ __LEAF)) fct
| ^~~
tst-tcfree3.c:45:3: note: called from here
45 | memcpy (c, a, 32);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Instead of relying on -O0 to avoid malloc/free to be optimized away,
disable the builtin.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
On the test workload (mpv --cache=yes with VP9 video decoding), the
bin scanning has a very poor success rate (less than 2%). The tcache
scanning has about 50% success rate, so keep that.
Update comments in malloc/tst-memalign-2 to indicate the purpose
of the tests. Even with the scanning removed, the additional
merging opportunities since commit 542b110585
("malloc: Enable merging of remainders in memalign (bug 30723)")
are sufficient to pass the existing large bins test.
Remove leftover variables from _int_free from refactoring in the
same commit.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Previously, calling _int_free from _int_memalign could put remainders
into the tcache or into fastbins, where they are invisible to the
low-level allocator. This results in missed merge opportunities
because once these freed chunks become available to the low-level
allocator, further memalign allocations (even of the same size are)
likely obstructing merges.
Furthermore, during forwards merging in _int_memalign, do not
completely give up when the remainder is too small to serve as a
chunk on its own. We can still give it back if it can be merged
with the following unused chunk. This makes it more likely that
memalign calls in a loop achieve a compact memory layout,
independently of initial heap layout.
Drop some useless (unsigned long) casts along the way, and tweak
the style to more closely match GNU on changed lines.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Old GCC might trigger the the comparison will always evaluate as ‘true’
warnig for static build:
set-freeres.c:87:14: error: the comparison will always evaluate as
‘true’ for the address of ‘__libc_getgrgid_freemem_ptr’ will never be
NULL [-Werror=address]
if (&__ptr != NULL) \
So add pragma weak for all affected usages.
Checked on x86_64 and i686 with gcc 6 and 13.
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
The trim_threshold is too aggressive a heuristic to decide if chunk
reuse is OK for reallocated memory; for repeated small, shrinking
allocations it leads to internal fragmentation and for repeated larger
allocations that fragmentation may blow up even worse due to the dynamic
nature of the threshold.
Limit reuse only when it is within the alignment padding, which is 2 *
size_t for heap allocations and a page size for mmapped allocations.
There's the added wrinkle of THP, but this fix ignores it for now,
pessimizing that case in favor of keeping fragmentation low.
This resolves BZ #30579.
Signed-off-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Reported-by: Nicolas Dusart <nicolas@freedelity.be>
Reported-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Tested-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
The tst-mallocfork2 and tst-mallocfork3 create large number of
subprocesss, around 11k for former and 20k for latter, to check
for malloc async-signal-safeness on both fork and _Fork. However
they do not really exercise allocation patterns different than
other tests fro malloc itself, and the spawned process just exit
without any extra computation.
The tst-malloc-tcache-leak is similar, but creates 100k threads
and already checks the resulting with mallinfo.
These tests are also very sensitive to system load (since they
estresss heavy the kernel resource allocation), and adding them
on THP tunable and mcheck tests increase the pressure even more.
For THP the fork tests do not add any more coverage than other
tests. The mcheck is also not enable for tst-malloc-tcache-leak.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Since these functions are used in both catgets/gencat.c and
malloc/memusage{,stat}.c, it make sense to move them into a dedicated
header where they can be inlined.
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
This patch adds the strict checking for power-of-two alignments
in aligned_alloc(), and updates the manual accordingly.
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Based on these comments in malloc.c:
size field is or'ed with NON_MAIN_ARENA if the chunk was obtained
from a non-main arena. This is only set immediately before handing
the chunk to the user, if necessary.
The NON_MAIN_ARENA flag is never set for unsorted chunks, so it
does not have to be taken into account in size comparisons.
When we pull a chunk off the unsorted list (or any list) we need to
make sure that flag is set properly before returning the chunk.
Use the rounded-up size for chunk_ok_for_memalign()
Do not scan the arena for reusable chunks if there's no arena.
Account for chunk overhead when determining if a chunk is a reuse
candidate.
mcheck interferes with memalign, so skip mcheck variants of
memalign tests.
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
This patch adds a chunk scanning algorithm to the _int_memalign code
path that reduces heap fragmentation by reusing already aligned chunks
instead of always looking for chunks of larger sizes and splitting
them. The tcache macros are extended to allow removing a chunk from
the middle of the list.
The goal is to fix the pathological use cases where heaps grow
continuously in workloads that are heavy users of memalign.
Note that tst-memalign-2 checks for tcache operation, which
malloc-check bypasses.
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
And make always supported. The configure option was added on glibc 2.25
and some features require it (such as hwcap mask, huge pages support, and
lock elisition tuning). It also simplifies the build permutations.
Changes from v1:
* Remove glibc.rtld.dynamic_sort changes, it is orthogonal and needs
more discussion.
* Cleanup more code.
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
It is the default since 2.26 and it has bitrotten over the years,
By using it multiple malloc tests fails:
FAIL: malloc/tst-memalign-2
FAIL: malloc/tst-memalign-2-malloc-hugetlb1
FAIL: malloc/tst-memalign-2-malloc-hugetlb2
FAIL: malloc/tst-memalign-2-mcheck
FAIL: malloc/tst-mxfast-malloc-hugetlb1
FAIL: malloc/tst-mxfast-malloc-hugetlb2
FAIL: malloc/tst-tcfree2
FAIL: malloc/tst-tcfree2-malloc-hugetlb1
FAIL: malloc/tst-tcfree2-malloc-hugetlb2
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
They are both used by __libc_freeres to free all library malloc
allocated resources to help tooling like mtrace or valgrind with
memory leak tracking.
The current scheme uses assembly markers and linker script entries
to consolidate the free routine function pointers in the RELRO segment
and to be freed buffers in BSS.
This patch changes it to use specific free functions for
libc_freeres_ptrs buffers and call the function pointer array directly
with call_function_static_weak.
It allows the removal of both the internal macros and the linker
script sections.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu, i686-linux-gnu, and aarch64-linux-gnu.
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
git commit 0849eed45d ("malloc: Move MORECORE fallback mmap to
sysmalloc_mmap_fallback") moved a block of code from sysmalloc to a
new helper function sysmalloc_mmap_fallback(), but 'pagesize' is used
for the 'minsize' argument and 'MMAP_AS_MORECORE_SIZE' for the
'pagesize' argument.
Fixes: 0849eed45d ("malloc: Move MORECORE fallback mmap to sysmalloc_mmap_fallback")
Signed-off-by: Robert Morell <rmorell@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
* malloc/malloc.c (_int_malloc): remove redundant check of
unsorted bin corruption
With commit "b90ddd08f6dd688e651df9ee89ca3a69ff88cd0c"
(malloc: Additional checks for unsorted bin integrity),
same check of (bck->fd != victim) is added before checking of unsorted
chunk corruption, which was added in "bdc3009b8ff0effdbbfb05eb6b10966753cbf9b8"
(Added check before removing from unsorted list).
..
3773 if (__glibc_unlikely (bck->fd != victim)
3774 || __glibc_unlikely (victim->fd != unsorted_chunks (av)))
3775 malloc_printerr ("malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted");
..
..
3815 /* remove from unsorted list */
3816 if (__glibc_unlikely (bck->fd != victim))
3817 malloc_printerr ("malloc(): corrupted unsorted chunks 3");
3818 unsorted_chunks (av)->bk = bck;
..
So this extra check can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Maninder Singh <maninder1.s@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ayush Mittal <ayush.m@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
I've updated copyright dates in glibc for 2023. This is the patch for
the changes not generated by scripts/update-copyrights and subsequent
build / regeneration of generated files.
This patch is analogous to commit
a3708cf6b0.
atoi has undefined behavior on out-of-range input, which makes it
problematic to use anywhere in glibc that might be processing input
out-of-range for atoi but not specified to produce undefined behavior
for the function calling atoi. In conjunction with the C2x strtol
changes, use of atoi in libc can also result in localplt test failures
because the redirection for strtol does not interact properly with the
libc_hidden_proto call for __isoc23_strtol for the call in the inline
atoi implementation.
In malloc/arena.c, this issue shows up for atoi calls that are only
compiled for --disable-tunables (thus with the
x86_64-linux-gnu-minimal configuration of build-many-glibcs.py, for
example). Change those atoi calls to use strtol directly, as in the
previous such changes.
Tested for x86_64 (--disable-tunables).
If there is enough space in the chunk to satisfy the new size, return
the old pointer as is, thus avoiding any locks or reallocations. The
only real place this has a benefit is in large chunks that tend to get
satisfied with mmap, since there is a large enough spare size (up to a
page) for it to matter. For allocations on heap, the extra size is
typically barely a few bytes (up to 15) and it's unlikely that it would
make much difference in performance.
Also added a smoke test to ensure that the old pointer is returned
unchanged if the new size to realloc is within usable size of the old
pointer.
Signed-off-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Turns out scratch_buffer_dupfree internal API was unused since
commit ef0700004b
stdlib: Simplify buffer management in canonicalize
And the related test in malloc/tst-scratch_buffer had issues
so it's better to remove it completely.
Reviewed-by: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
MAX_FAST_SIZE is 160 at most, so a uint8_t is sufficient. This makes
it harder to use memory corruption, by overwriting global_max_fast
with a large value, to fundamentally alter malloc behavior.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Rename atomic_exchange_rel/acq to use atomic_exchange_release/acquire
since these map to the standard C11 atomic builtins.
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
This is used to detect errors early. The read of the oldsize is
not protected by any lock, so check this value to avoid causing
bigger mistakes.
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Address space for heap segments is reserved in a mmap call with
MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE and protection flags PROT_NONE. This
reservation does not count against the RSS limit of the process or
system. Backing memory is allocated using mprotect in alloc_new_heap
and grow_heap, and at this point, the allocator expects the kernel
to provide memory (subject to memory overcommit).
The SIGSEGV that might generate due to MAP_NORESERVE (according to
the mmap manual page) does not seem to occur in practice, it's always
SIGKILL from the OOM killer. Even if there is a way that SIGSEGV
could be generated, it is confusing to applications that this only
happens for secondary heaps, not for large mmap-based allocations,
and not for the main arena.
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Redirect internal assertion failures to __libc_assert_fail, based on
based on __libc_message, which writes directly to STDERR_FILENO
and calls abort. Also disable message translation and reword the
error message slightly (adjusting stdlib/tst-bz20544 accordingly).
As a result of these changes, malloc no longer needs its own
redefinition of __assert_fail.
__libc_assert_fail needs to be stubbed out during rtld dependency
analysis because the rtld rebuilds turn __libc_assert_fail into
__assert_fail, which is unconditionally provided by elf/dl-minimal.c.
This change is not possible for the public assert macro and its
__assert_fail function because POSIX requires that the diagnostic
is written to stderr.
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Since commit ec2c1fcefb ("malloc:
Abort on heap corruption, without a backtrace [BZ #21754]"),
__libc_message always terminates the process. Since commit
a289ea09ea ("Do not print backtraces
on fatal glibc errors"), the backtrace facility has been removed.
Therefore, remove enum __libc_message_action and the action
argument of __libc_message, and mark __libc_message as _No_return.
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Cancellation currently cannot happen at this point because dlopen
as used by the unwind link always performs additional allocations
for libgcc_s.so.1, even if it has been loaded already as a dependency
of the main executable. But it seems prudent not to rely on this
quirk.
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
The implementation is based on scalar Chacha20 with per-thread cache.
It uses getrandom or /dev/urandom as fallback to get the initial entropy,
and reseeds the internal state on every 16MB of consumed buffer.
To improve performance and lower memory consumption the per-thread cache
is allocated lazily on first arc4random functions call, and if the
memory allocation fails getentropy or /dev/urandom is used as fallback.
The cache is also cleared on thread exit iff it was initialized (so if
arc4random is not called it is not touched).
Although it is lock-free, arc4random is still not async-signal-safe
(the per thread state is not updated atomically).
The ChaCha20 implementation is based on RFC8439 [1], omitting the final
XOR of the keystream with the plaintext because the plaintext is a
stream of zeros. This strategy is similar to what OpenBSD arc4random
does.
The arc4random_uniform is based on previous work by Florian Weimer,
where the algorithm is based on Jérémie Lumbroso paper Optimal Discrete
Uniform Generation from Coin Flips, and Applications (2013) [2], who
credits Donald E. Knuth and Andrew C. Yao, The complexity of nonuniform
random number generation (1976), for solving the general case.
The main advantage of this method is the that the unit of randomness is not
the uniform random variable (uint32_t), but a random bit. It optimizes the
internal buffer sampling by initially consuming a 32-bit random variable
and then sampling byte per byte. Depending of the upper bound requested,
it might lead to better CPU utilization.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu, aarch64-linux, and powerpc64le-linux-gnu.
Co-authored-by: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Yann Droneaud <ydroneaud@opteya.com>
[1] https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8439
[2] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.1916.pdf
It is prudent not to run too much code after detecting heap
corruption, and __fxprintf is really complex. The line number
and file name do not carry much information, so it is not included
in the error message. (__libc_message only supports %s formatting.)
The function name and assertion should provide some context.
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
In-band signaling avoids an uninitialized variable warning when
building with -Og and GCC 12.
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
This addresses more (correct) use-after-free warnings reported by
GCC 12 on some targets.
Fixes commit c094c232eb ("Avoid
-Wuse-after-free in tests [BZ #26779].").
Reviewed-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
