As discussed previously on libc-alpha [1], this patch follows up the idea
and add both the __attribute_alloc_size__ on malloc functions (malloc,
calloc, realloc, reallocarray, valloc, pvalloc, and memalign) and limit
maximum requested allocation size to up PTRDIFF_MAX (taking into
consideration internal padding and alignment).
This aligns glibc with gcc expected size defined by default warning
-Walloc-size-larger-than value which warns for allocation larger than
PTRDIFF_MAX. It also aligns with gcc expectation regarding libc and
expected size, such as described in PR#67999 [2] and previously discussed
ISO C11 issues [3] on libc-alpha.
From the RFC thread [4] and previous discussion, it seems that consensus
is only to limit such requested size for malloc functions, not the system
allocation one (mmap, sbrk, etc.).
The implementation changes checked_request2size to check for both overflow
and maximum object size up to PTRDIFF_MAX. No additional checks are done
on sysmalloc, so it can still issue mmap with values larger than
PTRDIFF_T depending on the requested size.
The __attribute_alloc_size__ is for functions that return a pointer only,
which means it cannot be applied to posix_memalign (see remarks in GCC
PR#87683 [5]). The runtimes checks to limit maximum requested allocation
size does applies to posix_memalign.
Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu and i686-linux-gnu.
[1] https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2018-11/msg00223.html
[2] https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla//show_bug.cgi?id=67999
[3] https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2011-12/msg00066.html
[4] https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2018-11/msg00224.html
[5] https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=87683
[BZ #23741]
* malloc/hooks.c (malloc_check, realloc_check): Use
__builtin_add_overflow on overflow check and adapt to
checked_request2size change.
* malloc/malloc.c (__libc_malloc, __libc_realloc, _mid_memalign,
__libc_pvalloc, __libc_calloc, _int_memalign): Limit maximum
allocation size to PTRDIFF_MAX.
(REQUEST_OUT_OF_RANGE): Remove macro.
(checked_request2size): Change to inline function and limit maximum
requested size to PTRDIFF_MAX.
(__libc_malloc, __libc_realloc, _int_malloc, _int_memalign): Limit
maximum allocation size to PTRDIFF_MAX.
(_mid_memalign): Use _int_memalign call for overflow check.
(__libc_pvalloc): Use __builtin_add_overflow on overflow check.
(__libc_calloc): Use __builtin_mul_overflow for overflow check and
limit maximum requested size to PTRDIFF_MAX.
* malloc/malloc.h (malloc, calloc, realloc, reallocarray, memalign,
valloc, pvalloc): Add __attribute_alloc_size__.
* stdlib/stdlib.h (malloc, realloc, reallocarray, valloc): Likewise.
* malloc/tst-malloc-too-large.c (do_test): Add check for allocation
larger than PTRDIFF_MAX.
* malloc/tst-memalign.c (do_test): Disable -Walloc-size-larger-than=
around tests of malloc with negative sizes.
* malloc/tst-posix_memalign.c (do_test): Likewise.
* malloc/tst-pvalloc.c (do_test): Likewise.
* malloc/tst-valloc.c (do_test): Likewise.
* malloc/tst-reallocarray.c (do_test): Replace call to reallocarray
with resulting size allocation larger than PTRDIFF_MAX with
reallocarray_nowarn.
(reallocarray_nowarn): New function.
* NEWS: Mention the malloc function semantic change.
realloc_check has
unsigned char *magic_p;
...
__libc_lock_lock (main_arena.mutex);
const mchunkptr oldp = mem2chunk_check (oldmem, &magic_p);
__libc_lock_unlock (main_arena.mutex);
if (!oldp)
malloc_printerr ("realloc(): invalid pointer");
...
if (newmem == NULL)
*magic_p ^= 0xFF;
with
static void malloc_printerr(const char *str) __attribute__ ((noreturn));
GCC 7 -O3 warns
hooks.c: In function ‘realloc_check’:
hooks.c:352:14: error: ‘magic_p’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
*magic_p ^= 0xFF;
due to the GCC bug:
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=82090
This patch silences GCC 7 by using DIAG_IGNORE_NEEDS_COMMENT.
[BZ #22052]
* malloc/hooks.c (realloc_check): Use DIAG_IGNORE_NEEDS_COMMENT
to silence -O3 -Wall warning with GCC 7.
Clean up calls to malloc_printerr and trim its argument list.
This also removes a few bits of work done before calling
malloc_printerr (such as unlocking operations).
The tunable/environment variable still enables the lightweight
additional malloc checking, but mallopt (M_CHECK_ACTION)
no longer has any effect.
After the removal of __malloc_initialize_hook, newly compiled
Emacs binaries are no longer able to use these interfaces.
malloc_get_state is only used during the Emacs build process,
so we provide a stub implementation only. Existing Emacs binaries
will not call this stub function, but still reference the symbol.
The rewritten tst-mallocstate test constructs a dumped heap
which should approximates what existing Emacs binaries pass
to glibc malloc.
After the heap rewriting added in commit
4cf6c72fd2 (malloc: Rewrite dumped heap
for compatibility in __malloc_set_state), we can change malloc alignment
for new allocations because the alignment of old allocations no longer
matters.
We need to increase the malloc state version number, so that binaries
containing dumped heaps of the new layout will not try to run on
previous versions of glibc, resulting in obscure crashes.
This commit addresses a failure of tst-malloc-thread-fail on the
affected architectures (32-bit ppc and mips) because the test checks
pointer alignment.
This will allow us to change many aspects of the malloc implementation
while preserving compatibility with existing Emacs binaries.
As a result, existing Emacs binaries will have a larger RSS, and Emacs
needs a few more milliseconds to start. This overhead is specific
to Emacs (and will go away once Emacs switches to its internal malloc).
The new checks to make free and realloc compatible with the dumped heap
are confined to the mmap paths, which are already quite slow due to the
munmap overhead.
This commit weakens some security checks, but only for heap pointers
in the dumped main arena. By default, this area is empty, so those
checks are as effective as before.
[BZ #17581] The checking chain of unused chunks was terminated by a hash of
the block pointer, which was sometimes confused with the chunk length byte.
We now avoid using a length byte equal to the magic byte.
When the malloc subsystem detects some kind of memory corruption,
depending on the configuration it prints the error, a backtrace, a
memory map and then aborts the process. In this process, the
backtrace() call may result in a call to malloc, resulting in
various kinds of problematic behavior.
In one case, the malloc it calls may detect a corruption and call
backtrace again, and a stack overflow may result due to the infinite
recursion. In another case, the malloc it calls may deadlock on an
arena lock with the malloc (or free, realloc, etc.) that detected the
corruption. In yet another case, if the program is linked with
pthreads, backtrace may do a pthread_once initialization, which
deadlocks on itself.
In all these cases, the program exit is not as intended. This is
avoidable by marking the arena that malloc detected a corruption on,
as unusable. The following patch does that. Features of this patch
are as follows:
- A flag is added to the mstate struct of the arena to indicate if the
arena is corrupt.
- The flag is checked whenever malloc functions try to get a lock on
an arena. If the arena is unusable, a NULL is returned, causing the
malloc to use mmap or try the next arena.
- malloc_printerr sets the corrupt flag on the arena when it detects a
corruption
- free does not concern itself with the flag at all. It is not
important since the backtrace workflow does not need free. A free
in a parallel thread may cause another corruption, but that's not
new
- The flag check and set are not atomic and may race. This is fine
since we don't care about contention during the flag check. We want
to make sure that the malloc call in the backtrace does not trip on
itself and all that action happens in the same thread and not across
threads.
I verified that the test case does not show any regressions due to
this patch. I also ran the malloc benchmarks and found an
insignificant difference in timings (< 2%).
* malloc/Makefile (tests): New test case tst-malloc-backtrace.
* malloc/arena.c (arena_lock): Check if arena is corrupt.
(reused_arena): Find a non-corrupt arena.
(heap_trim): Pass arena to unlink.
* malloc/hooks.c (malloc_check_get_size): Pass arena to
malloc_printerr.
(top_check): Likewise.
(free_check): Likewise.
(realloc_check): Likewise.
* malloc/malloc.c (malloc_printerr): Add arena argument.
(unlink): Likewise.
(munmap_chunk): Adjust.
(ARENA_CORRUPTION_BIT): New macro.
(arena_is_corrupt): Likewise.
(set_arena_corrupt): Likewise.
(sysmalloc): Use mmap if there are no usable arenas.
(_int_malloc): Likewise.
(__libc_malloc): Don't fail if arena_get returns NULL.
(_mid_memalign): Likewise.
(__libc_calloc): Likewise.
(__libc_realloc): Adjust for additional argument to
malloc_printerr.
(_int_free): Likewise.
(malloc_consolidate): Likewise.
(_int_realloc): Likewise.
(_int_memalign): Don't touch corrupt arenas.
* malloc/tst-malloc-backtrace.c: New test case.
[BZ #17581] The checking chain of unused chunks was terminated by a hash of
the block pointer, which was sometimes confused with the chunk length byte.
The chain is now terminated by a NULL byte.
A very large alignment argument passed to mealign/posix_memalign
causes _int_memalign to enter an infinite loop. Limit the maximum
alignment value to the maximum representable power of two to
prevent this from happening.
Changelog:
2013-10-30 Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
[BZ #16038]
* malloc/hooks.c (memalign_check): Limit alignment to the
maximum representable power of two.
* malloc/malloc.c (__libc_memalign): Likewise.
* malloc/tst-memalign.c (do_test): Add test for very
large alignment values.
* malloc/tst-posix_memalign.c (do_test): Likewise.
A large value of bytes passed to memalign_check can cause an integer
overflow in _int_memalign and heap corruption. This issue can be
exposed by running tst-memalign with MALLOC_CHECK_=3.
ChangeLog:
2013-10-10 Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
* malloc/hooks.c (memalign_check): Ensure the value of bytes
passed to _int_memalign does not overflow.
[BZ #1349]
malloc_usable_size returns the usable size in an allocated chunk,
which may be >= the requested size. In the case of MALLOC_CHECK_ being
exported to > 0 however, only the requested size is usable, since a
magic value is written at the end of the request size to trap writes
beyond request bounds. Hence, when MALLOC_CHECK_ is exported to > 0,
malloc_usable_size() should return the request size.
2009-04-16 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
[BZ #9957]
* malloc/malloc.c (force_reg): Define.
(sYSMALLOc): Load hook variable into variable
before test and force into register.
(sYSTRIm): Likewise.
(public_mALLOc): Force hook value into register.
(public_fREe): Likewise.
(public_rEALLOc): Likewise.
(public_mEMALIGn): Likewise.
(public_vALLOc): Likewise.
(public_pVALLOc): Likewise.
(public_cALLOc): Likewise.
(__posix_memalign): Likewise.
* malloc/arena.c (ptmalloc_init): Load hook variable into variable
before test and force into register.
* malloc/hooks.c (top_check): Likewise.
(public_s_ET_STATe): Pretty printing.
* resolv/res_send.c (send_dg): Don't just ignore the result we got
in case we only receive one reply in single-request mode.
Change all callers.
(_int_realloc): Likewise.
All _int_* functions are now static.
* malloc/hooks.c: Change all callers to _int_free and _int_realloc.
* malloc/arena.c: Likewise.
* include/malloc.h: Remove now unnecessary declarations of the _int_*
functions.
(public_sET_STATe): If ms->version < 3, put all chunks into
unsorted chunks and clear {fd,bk}_nextsize fields of largebin
chunks.
* malloc/malloc.c [MALLOC_DEBUG]: Revert 2007-05-13 changes.
* malloc/hooks.c: Likewise.
* malloc/arena.c: Likewise.
* malloc/malloc.c (do_check_malloc_state): Don't assert
n_mmaps is not greater than n_mmaps_max. This removes the need
for the previous change.
* malloc/Makefile (CFLAGS-malloc.c): Revert accidental
2007-05-07 commit.
