glibc/timezone/europe
Ulrich Drepper 11bf311edc [BZ #2510, BZ #2830, BZ #3137, BZ #3313, BZ #3426, BZ #3465, BZ #3480, BZ #3483, BZ #3493, BZ #3514, BZ #3515, BZ #3664, BZ #3673, BZ #3674]
2007-01-11  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* sysdeps/i386/soft-fp/sfp-machine.h: Remove.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/soft-fp/sfp-machine.h: Likewise.
2007-01-10  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* io/fts.c: Make sure fts_cur is always valid after return from
	fts_read.
	Patch by Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>.
2006-10-27  Richard Sandiford  <richard@codesourcery.com>
	* elf/elf.h (R_MIPS_GLOB_DAT): Define.
	(R_MIPS_NUM): Bump by 1.
2007-01-03  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* posix/execvp.c: Include alloca.h.
	(allocate_scripts_argv): Renamed to...
	(scripts_argv): ... this.  Don't allocate buffer here nor count
	arguments.
	(execvp): Use alloca if possible.
	* posix/Makefile: Add rules to build and run tst-vfork3 test.
	* posix/tst-vfork3.c: New test.
	* stdlib/Makefile (tst-strtod3-ENV): Define.
2007-01-02  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* posix/getconf.c: Update copyright year.
	* nss/getent.c: Likewise.
	* iconv/iconvconfig.c: Likewise.
	* iconv/iconv_prog.c: Likewise.
	* elf/ldconfig.c: Likewise.
	* catgets/gencat.c: Likewise.
	* csu/version.c: Likewise.
	* elf/ldd.bash.in: Likewise.
	* elf/sprof.c (print_version): Likewise.
	* locale/programs/locale.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/localedef.c: Likewise.
	* nscd/nscd.c (print_version): Likewise.
	* debug/xtrace.sh: Likewise.
	* malloc/memusage.sh: Likewise.
	* malloc/mtrace.pl: Likewise.
	* debug/catchsegv.sh: Likewise.
2006-12-24  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* malloc/malloc.c (sYSMALLOc): Remove some unnecessary alignment
	attempts.
2006-12-23  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* posix/wordexp.c: Remove some unnecessary tests.
2006-12-20  SUGIOKA Toshinobu  <sugioka@itonet.co.jp>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sh/bits/shm.h: New file.

	* nss/getXXbyYY_r.c: Include atomic.h.
	(INTERNAL (REENTRANT_NAME)): Write startp after start_fct,
	add atomic_write_barrier () in between.

2006-11-28  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* elf/dl-support.c: Include dl-procinfo.h.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/dl-procinfo.h (PPC_PLATFORM_POWER4,
	PPC_PLATFORM_PPC970, PPC_PLATFORM_POWER5, PPC_PLATFORM_POWER5_PLUS,
	PPC_PLATFORM_POWER6, PPC_PLATFORM_CELL_BE, PPC_PLATFORM_POWER6X):
	Define.
	(_dl_string_platform): Use PPC_PLATFORM_* macros instead of
	hardcoded constants.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/dl-procinfo.c (_dl_powerpc_platform): Use
	PPC_PLATFORM_* macros for array designators.
2006-11-11  Steven Munroe  <sjmunroe@us.ibm.com>
	* sysdeps/powerpc/dl-procinfo.c (_dl_powerpc_cap_flags): Add 3 new cap
	names to the beginning.
	(_dl_powerpc_platforms): Add "power6x".
	* sysdeps/powerpc/dl-procinfo.h (_DL_HWCAP_FIRST): Decrease.
	(HWCAP_IMPORTANT): Add PPC_FEATURE_HAS_DFP.
	(_DL_PLATFORMS_COUNT): Increase.
	(_dl_string_platform): Handle power6x case.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/sysdep.h (PPC_FEATURE_PA6T, PPC_FEATURE_HAS_DFP,
	PPC_FEATURE_POWER6_EXT): Define.
	(PPC_FEATURE_POWER5, PPC_FEATURE_POWER5_PLUS): Correct Comment.
	[-2^31 .. 2^31) range.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/bits/statvfs.h: Define ST_RELATIME.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal_statvfs.c (__statvfs_getflags):
	Handle relatime mount option.

2006-12-13  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc32/setcontext.S: Include
	kernel-features.h.

2006-12-11  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* stdlib/strtod_l.c (____STRTOF_INTERNAL): Parse thousand
	separators also if no non-zero digits found.
	* stdlib/Makefile (tests): Add tst-strtod3.
	[BZ #3664]
	* stdlib/strtod_l.c (____STRTOF_INTERNAL): Fix test to recognize
	empty parsed strings.
	* stdlib/Makefile (tests): Add tst-strtod2.
	* stdlib/tst-strtod2.c: New file.

	[BZ #3673]
	* stdlib/strtod_l.c (____STRTOF_INTERNAL): Fix exp_limit
	computation.
	* stdlib/Makefile (tests): Add tst-atof2.
	* stdlib/tst-atof2.c: New file.

	[BZ #3674]
	* stdlib/strtod_l.c (____STRTOF_INTERNAL): Adjust exponent value
	correctly if removing trailing zero of hex-float.
	* stdlib/Makefile (tests): Add tst-atof1.
	* stdlib/tst-atof1.c: New file.

	* misc/mntent_r.c (__hasmntopt): Check p[optlen] even when p == rest.
	Start searching for next comma at p rather than rest.
	* misc/Makefile (tests): Add tst-mntent2.
	* misc/tst-mntent2.c: New test.

2006-12-08  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* malloc/memusage.c: Handle realloc with new size of zero and
	non-NULL pointer correctly.
	(me): Really write first record twice.
	(struct entry): Make format bi-arch safe.
	(dest): Write out more realloc statistics.
	* malloc/memusagestat.c (struct entry): Make format bi-arch safe.
2006-12-05  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* nis/nis_subr.c (nis_getnames): Revert last change.
2006-12-03  Kaz Kojima  <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp>
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sh/sys/io.h: Removed.
2006-11-30  H.J. Lu  <hongjiu.lu@intel.com>
	* sysdeps/i386/i686/memcmp.S: Use jump table as the base of
	jump table entries.

2006-11-30  Jan Kratochvil  <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/clone.S: Provide CFI for the outermost
	`clone' function to ensure proper unwinding stop of gdb.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S: Likewise.

2006-12-01  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* nscd/nscd.init: Remove obsolete and commented-out -S option
	handling.

2006-11-23  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	[BZ #3514]
	* manual/string.texi (strncmp): Fix pastos from wcscmp description.

	[BZ #3515]
	* manual/string.texi (strtok): Remove duplicate paragraph.

2006-12-01  Jan Kratochvil  <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sigaction.c: Fix compatibility with
	libgcc not supporting `rflags' unwinding (register # >= 17).

2006-11-30  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* sunrpc/svc_run.c (svc_run): Set my_pollfd to new_pollfd if realloc
	succeeded.

2006-11-29  Daniel Jacobowitz  <dan@codesourcery.com>
	    Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	    Jan Kratochvil  <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sigaction.c (restore_rt): Add correct
	unwind information.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/Makefile: Provide symbols for
	'restore_rt' even in the 'signal' directory.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/ucontext_i.sym: Extend the regs list.
	malloc crashed.  Don't allocate memory unnecessarily in each
	loop.
2006-10-21  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* resolv/mapv4v6addr.h (map_v4v6_address): Fix last change.
2006-11-20  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* resolv/mapv4v6addr.h (map_v4v6_address): Optimize a bit.
2006-11-18  Bruno Haible  <bruno@clisp.org>
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/getgroups.c (__getgroups): Invoke
	__sysconf only after having tried to call getgroups32.
2006-11-19  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* nss/nss_files/files-hosts.c (LINE_PARSER): Support IPv6-style
	addresses for IPv4 queries if they can be mapped.
2006-11-16  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/s_copysignf.S (__copysignf): Switch to .text.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/s_copysign.S (__copysign): Likewise.
	(signmask): Add .size directive.
	(othermask): Add .type directive.
2006-11-14  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	* po/nl.po: Update from translation team.
	* timezone/zdump.c: Redo fix for BZ #3137.
2006-11-14  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>
	* nss/nss_files/files-alias.c (get_next_alias): Set line back
	to first_unused after parsing :include: file.
	* timezone/africa: Update from tzdata2006o.
	* timezone/antarctica: Likewise.
	* timezone/asia: Likewise.
	* timezone/australasia: Likewise.
	* timezone/backward: Likewise.
	* timezone/europe: Likewise.
	* timezone/iso3166.tab: Likewise.
	* timezone/northamerica: Likewise.
	* timezone/southamerica: Likewise.
	* timezone/zone.tab: Likewise.

	* time/tzfile.c (__tzfile_read): Extend to handle new file format
	on machines with 64-bit time_t.

	* timezone/checktab.awk: Update from tzcode2006o.
	* timezone/ialloc.c: Likewise.
	* timezone/private.h: Likewise.
	* timezone/scheck.c: Likewise.
	* timezone/tzfile.h: Likewise.
	* timezone/tzselect.ksh: Likewise.
	* timezone/zdump.c: Likewise.
	* timezone/zic.c: Likewise.

	[BZ #3483]
	* elf/ldconfig.c (main): Call setlocale and textdomain.
	Patch mostly by Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>.

	[BZ #3480]
	* manual/argp.texi: Fix typos.
	* manual/charset.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/errno.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/filesys.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/lang.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/maint.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/memory.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/message.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/resource.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/search.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/signal.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/startup.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/stdio.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/sysinfo.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/syslog.texi: Likewise.
	* manual/time.texi: Likewise.
	Patch by Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de>.

	[BZ #3465]
	* sunrpc/clnt_raw.c: Minimal message improvements.
	* sunrpc/pm_getmaps.c: Likewise.
	* nis/nss_nisplus/nisplus-publickey.c: Likewise.
	* nis/nis_print_group_entry.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/repertoire.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/charmap.c: Likewise.
	* malloc/memusage.sh: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-deps.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/ld-collate.c: Likewise.
	* libio/vswprintf.c: Likewise.
	* malloc/memusagestat.c: Likewise.
	* sunrpc/auth_unix.c: Likewise.
	* sunrpc/rpc_main.c: Likewise.
	* nscd/cache.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/repertoire.c: Unify output messages.
	* locale/programs/charmap.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/ld-ctype.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/ld-monetary.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/ld-numeric.c: Likewise.
	* locale/programs/ld-time.c: Likewise.
	* elf/ldconfig.c: Likewise.
	* nscd/selinux.c: Likewise.
	* elf/cache.c: Likewise.
	Patch mostly by Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>.

2006-11-10  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* string/strxfrm_l.c (STRXFRM): Fix trailing \1 optimization
	if N is one bigger than return value.
	* string/tst-strxfrm2.c (do_test): Also test strxfrm with l1 + 1
	and l1 last arguments, if buf is defined, verify the return value
	equals to strlen (buf) and verify no byte beyond passed length
	is modified.

2006-11-10  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* po/sv.po: Update from translation team.

	* sysdeps/gnu/siglist.c (__old_sys_siglist, __old_sys_sigabbrev):
	Use __new_sys_siglist instead of _sys_siglist_internal as
	second macro argument.
	(_old_sys_siglist): Use declare_symbol_alias macro instead of
	strong_alias.
2006-11-09  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	[BZ #3493]
	* posix/unistd.h (sysconf): Remove const attribute.

	* sysdeps/posix/getaddrinfo.c (getaddrinfo): Fix test for
	temporary or deprecated addresses.
	Patch by Sridhar Samudrala <sri@us.ibm.com>.

	* string/Makefile (tests): Add tst-strxfrm2.
	* string/tst-strxfrm2.c: New file.

2006-10-09  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* elf/dl-debug.c (_dl_debug_initialize): Check r->r_map for 0
	rather than r->r_brk.
	* string/strxfrm_l.c (STRXFRM): Do the trailing \1 removal
	optimization even if needed > n.

2006-11-07  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* include/libc-symbols.h (declare_symbol): Rename to...
	(declare_symbol_alias): ... this.  Add ORIGINAL argument, imply
	strong_alias (ORIGINAL, SYMBOL) in asm to make sure it preceedes
	.size directive.
	* sysdeps/gnu/errlist-compat.awk: Adjust for declare_symbol_alias
	changes.
	* sysdeps/gnu/siglist.c: Likewise.

2006-11-03  Steven Munroe  <sjmunroe@us.ibm.com>

	* sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/bits/mathinline.h
	[__LIBC_INTERNAL_MATH_INLINES]: Moved to ...
	* sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/math_private.h: ...here.  New file.

2006-11-05  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysconf.c (intel_check_word):
	Update handling of cache descriptor 0x49 for new models.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sysconf.c (intel_check_word):
	Likewise.

2006-11-02  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* configure.in: Work around ld --help change and avoid -z relro
	test completely if the architecture doesn't care about security.

2006-11-01  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* po/sv.po: Update from translation team.

2006-10-31  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* stdlib/atexit.c (atexit): Don't mark as hidden when used to
	generate compatibility version.

2006-10-29  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* configure.in: Relax -z relro requirement a bit.

	* po/sv.po: Update from translation team.

2006-10-29  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* elf/dl-sym.c (do_sym): Use RTLD_SINGLE_THREAD_P.
	* elf/dl-runtime.c (_dl_fixup, _dl_profile_fixup): Likewise.
	* elf/dl-close.c (_dl_close_worker): Likewise.
	* elf/dl-open.c (_dl_open_worker): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/generic/sysdep-cancel.h (RTLD_SINGLE_THREAD_P): Define.

	* configure.in: Require assembler support for visibility, compiler
	support for visibility and aliases, linker support for various -z
	options.
	* Makeconfig: Remove conditional code which now is unnecessary.
	* config.h.in: Likewise.
	* config.make.in: Likewise.
	* dlfcn/Makefile: Likewise.
	* elf/Makefile: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-load.c: Likewise.
	* elf/rtld.c: Likewise.
	* include/libc-symbols.h: Likewise.
	* include/stdio.h: Likewise.
	* io/Makefile: Likewise.
	* io/fstat.c: Likewise.
	* io/fstat64.c: Likewise.
	* io/fstatat.c: Likewise.
	* io/fstatat64.c: Likewise.
	* io/lstat.c: Likewise.
	* io/lstat64.c: Likewise.
	* io/mknod.c: Likewise.
	* io/mknodat.c: Likewise.
	* io/stat.c: Likewise.
	* io/stat64.c: Likewise.
	* libio/stdio.c: Likewise.
	* nscd/Makefile: Likewise.
	* stdlib/Makefile: Likewise.
	* stdlib/atexit.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/generic/ldsodefs.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/i386/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/i386/sysdep.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/i386/i686/memcmp.S: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/sysdep.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sigaction.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sigaction.c: Likewise.

	* Makerules: USE_TLS support is now default.
	* tls.make.c: Likewise.
	* csu/Versions: Likewise.
	* csu/libc-start.c: Likewise.
	* csu/libc-tls.c: Likewise.
	* csu/version.c: Likewise.
	* dlfcn/dlinfo.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-addr.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-cache.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-close.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-iteratephdr.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-load.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-lookup.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-object.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-open.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-reloc.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-support.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-sym.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-sysdep.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-tls.c: Likewise.
	* elf/ldconfig.c: Likewise.
	* elf/rtld.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls-dlinfo.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls1.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls10.h: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls14.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls2.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls3.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls4.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls5.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls6.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls7.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls8.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tls9.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod1.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod13.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod13a.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod14a.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod2.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod3.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod4.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod5.c: Likewise.
	* elf/tst-tlsmod6.c: Likewise.
	* include/errno.h: Likewise.
	* include/link.h: Likewise.
	* include/tls.h: Likewise.
	* locale/global-locale.c: Likewise.
	* locale/localeinfo.h: Likewise.
	* malloc/arena.c: Likewise.
	* malloc/hooks.c: Likewise.
	* malloc/malloc.c: Likewise.
	* resolv/Versions: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/alpha/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/alpha/libc-tls.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/generic/ldsodefs.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/generic/tls.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/i386/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/ia64/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/ia64/libc-tls.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/fork.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/i386/tls.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/dl-machine.c: Likwise.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc64/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/s390/libc-tls.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/s390/s390-32/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/s390/s390-64/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/sh/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/sparc/sparc32/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/sparc/sparc64/dl-machine.h: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/dl-machine.h: Likewise.

	[BZ #3426]
	* stdlib/stdlib.h: Adjust comment for canonicalize_file_name to
	reality.

2006-10-27  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* elf/dl-lookup.c (_dl_debug_bindings): Remove unused symbol_scope
	argument.
	(_dl_lookup_symbol_x): Adjust caller.

	* sysdeps/generic/ldsodefs.h (struct link_namespaces): Remove
	_ns_global_scope.
	* elf/rtld.c (dl_main): Don't initialize _ns_global_scope.

	* elf/dl-libc.c: Revert l_scope name changes.
	* elf/dl-load.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-object.c: Likewise.
	* elf/rtld.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-close.c (_dl_close): Likewise.
	* elf/dl-open.c (dl_open_worker): Likewise.  If not SINGLE_THREAD_P,
	always use __rtld_mrlock_{change,done}.  Always free old scope list
	here if not l_scope_mem.
	* elf/dl-runtime.c (_dl_fixup, _dl_profile_fixup): Revert l_scope name
	change.  Never free scope list here.  Just __rtld_mrlock_lock before
	the lookup and __rtld_mrlock_unlock it after the lookup.
	* elf/dl-sym.c: Likewise.
	* include/link.h (struct r_scoperec): Remove.
	(struct link_map): Replace l_scoperec with l_scope, l_scoperec_mem
	with l_scope_mem and l_scoperec_lock with l_scope_lock.

2006-10-25  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/gnu/netinet/tcp.h: Define TCP_CONGESTION.

2006-10-18  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* configure.in: Disable building profile libraries by default.

2006-10-18  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* elf/dl-lookup.c (_dl_lookup_symbol_x): Add warning to
	_dl_lookup_symbol_x code.

2006-10-17  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* elf/dl-runtime.c: Include sysdep-cancel.h.
	(_dl_fixup, _dl_profile_fixup): Use __rtld_mrlock_* and
	scoperec->nusers only if !SINGLE_THREAD_P.  Use atomic_*
	instead of catomic_* macros.
	* elf/dl-sym.c: Include sysdep-cancel.h.
	(do_sym): Use __rtld_mrlock_* and scoperec->nusers only
	if !SINGLE_THREAD_P.  Use atomic_* instead of catomic_* macros.
	* elf/dl-close.c: Include sysdep-cancel.h.
	(_dl_close): Use __rtld_mrlock_* and scoperec->nusers only
	if !SINGLE_THREAD_P.  Use atomic_* instead of catomic_* macros.
	* elf/dl-open.c: Include sysdep-cancel.h.
	(dl_open_worker): Use __rtld_mrlock_* and scoperec->nusers only
	if !SINGLE_THREAD_P.  Use atomic_* instead of catomic_* macros.

2006-10-17  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	[BZ #3313]
	* malloc/malloc.c (malloc_consolidate): Set maxfb to address of last
	fastbin rather than end of fastbin array.

2006-10-18  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* sysdeps/i386/i486/bits/atomic.h (catomic_decrement): Use correct
	body macro.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/bits/atomic.h
	(__arch_c_compare_and_exchange_val_64_acq): Add missing casts.
	(catomic_decrement): Use correct body macro.

2006-10-17  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* include/atomic.h: Add a unique prefix to all local variables
	in macros.
	* csu/tst-atomic.c (do_test): Test also catomic_* macros.

2006-10-14  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* resolv/arpa/nameser.h: Document that ns_t_a6 is deprecated.

	[BZ #3313]
	* malloc/malloc.c (malloc_consolidate): Don't use get_fast_max to
	determine highest fast bin to consolidate, always look into all of
	them.
	(do_check_malloc_state): Only require for empty bins for large
	sizes in main arena.

	* libio/stdio.h: Add more __wur attributes.

2006-11-12  Andreas Jaeger  <aj@suse.de>

	[BZ #2510]
	* manual/search.texi (Hash Search Function): Clarify.
	(Array Search Function): Clarify.

2006-11-12  Joseph Myers  <joseph@codesourcery.com>

	[BZ #2830]
	* math/atest-exp.c (main): Cast hex value to mp_limb_t before
	shifting.
	* math/atest-exp2.c (read_mpn_hex): Likewise.
	* math/atest-sincos.c (main): Likewise.

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/syscalls.list: Add epoll_pwait.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/epoll.h: Declare epoll_pwait.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/Versions (libc): Add epoll_pwait for
	version GLIBC_2.6.
	* Versions.def: Add GLIBC_2.6 for libc.

	* sysdeps/i386/i486/bits/atomic.h: Add catomic_* support.

2006-10-11  Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	* malloc/malloc.c (_int_malloc): Remove unused any_larger variable.

	* nis/nis_defaults.c (__nis_default_access): Don't call getenv twice.

	* nis/nis_subr.c (nis_getnames): Use __secure_getenv instead of getenv.
	* sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h: Add NIS_PATH.

2006-10-11  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* include/atomic.c: Define catomic_* operations.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/bits/atomic.h: Likewise.  Fix a few minor problems.
	* stdlib/cxa_finalize.c: Use catomic_* operations instead of atomic_*.
	* malloc/memusage.c: Likewise.
	* gmon/mcount.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-close.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-open.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-profile.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-sym.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-runtime.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-fptr.c: Likewise.
	* resolv/res_libc.c: Likewise.

2006-10-10  Roland McGrath  <roland@frob.com>
	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/utimes.c: Use a union to avoid an improper cast.
	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/futimes.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/lutimes.c: Likewise.

2006-10-09  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>
	    Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	Implement reference counting of scope records.
	* elf/dl-close.c (_dl_close): Remove all scopes from removed objects
	from the list in objects which remain.  Always allocate new scope
	record.
	* elf/dl-open.c (dl_open_worker): When growing array for scopes,
	don't resize, allocate a new one.
	* elf/dl-runtime.c: Update reference counters before using a scope
	array.
	* elf/dl-sym.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-libc.c: Adjust for l_scope name change.
	* elf/dl-load.c: Likewise.
	* elf/dl-object.c: Likewise.
	* elf/rtld.c: Likewise.
	* include/link.h: Include <rtld-lowlevel.h>.  Define struct
	r_scoperec.  Replace r_scope with pointer to r_scoperec structure.
	Add l_scoperec_lock.
	* sysdeps/generic/ldsodefs.h: Include <rtld-lowlevel.h>.
	* sysdeps/generic/rtld-lowlevel.h: New file.

	* include/atomic.h: Rename atomic_and to atomic_and_val and
	atomic_or to atomic_or_val.  Define new macros atomic_and and
	atomic_or which do not return values.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/bits/atomic.h: Define atomic_and and atomic_or.
	Various cleanups.
	* sysdeps/i386/i486/bits/atomic.h: Likewise.

	* po/sv.po: Update from translation team.

2006-10-07  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* Versions.def: Add GLIBC_2.6 to libpthread.

	* include/shlib-compat.h (SHLIB_COMPAT): Expand parameters before use.
	(versioned_symbol): Likewise.
	(compat_symbol): Likewise.

	* po/tr.po: Update from translation team.
	* nis/Banner: Removed.  It's been integral part forever and the
	author info is incomplete anyway.
	* libio/Banner: Likewise.

2006-10-06  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@redhat.com>

	* version.h (VERSION): Bump to 2.5.90 for new development tree.
2007-01-11 21:51:07 +00:00

2488 lines
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# @(#)europe 8.6
# <pre>
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
#
# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
# </a> (1914-03)
#
# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
# History of Summer Time
# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst 2dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.
###############################################################################
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
#
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
# </a>
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a>
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
# It actually just had one transition.
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
# conform with Great Britain.
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London. For example:
#
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
# various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
#
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
#
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
# being GMT+1.)
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
# (no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
0:00 EU GMT/IST
###############################################################################
# Continental Europe
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
# Common Market, etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
#
Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
# Postfach 3345
# D-38023 Braunschweig
# phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
# Albania
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Andorra
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Austria
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
1:00 - CET 1946
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Belarus
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT
# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
# see Serbia
# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Croatia
# see Serbia
# Cyprus
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
# Czech Republic
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
# Scoresbysund UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
#
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
0:00 - GMT
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
-1:00 EU EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
-3:00 EU WG%sT
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
-4:00 Thule A%sT
# Estonia
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
#
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that.
# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Finland
#
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981. Go with Strang instead.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Aaland Is
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
# France
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Germany
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
# Gibraltar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1:00 - CET 1982
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Greece
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
#
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
#
# (1993-12-05):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
#
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
# (1993-12-10):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
# might mean something else (???).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
-1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
-1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
0:00 - GMT
# Italy
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
# Latvia
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1:00 - CET 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Lithuania
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Macedonia
# see Serbia
# Malta
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
2:00 - EET 1991
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Monaco
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Montenegro
# see Serbia
# Netherlands
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.
# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Norway
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
# Poland
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Portugal
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
0:00 EU WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
-1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
-2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
-1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
-1:00 EU AZO%sT
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
-1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
-1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Russia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
#
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
#
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
# others? But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
3:00 Russia VOL%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 Russia OMS%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
6:00 Russia NOV%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
8:00 Russia IRK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
10:00 Russia VLA%sT
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
9:00 - CJT 1938
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
10:00 Russia SAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia PET%sT
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT
# Serbia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
# Slovenia
# see Serbia
# Spain
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
0:00 - WET 1924
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - CET 1986
1:00 EU CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
0:00 EU WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
1:00 - CET 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Switzerland
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Turkey
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 EU EE%sT
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
# Ukraine
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2:00 - EET 1992
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 - CET 1940
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
2:00 - EET 1992
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2:00 - EET 1992
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
# changed in May.
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2:00 EU EE%sT
###############################################################################
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
#
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
# ...
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
# From: Tom Hofmann
# ...
#
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
# ...
# ...
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
# From: Dik T. Winter
# ...
#
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
#
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
# dates...
#
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
# in advance of normal time.
#
# ...
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
# ...
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
# ...
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
# ...