mirror of
https://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git
synced 2024-11-26 15:00:06 +00:00
30891f35fa
We stopped adding "Contributed by" or similar lines in sources in 2012 in favour of git logs and keeping the Contributors section of the glibc manual up to date. Removing these lines makes the license header a bit more consistent across files and also removes the possibility of error in attribution when license blocks or files are copied across since the contributed-by lines don't actually reflect reality in those cases. Move all "Contributed by" and similar lines (Written by, Test by, etc.) into a new file CONTRIBUTED-BY to retain record of these contributions. These contributors are also mentioned in manual/contrib.texi, so we just maintain this additional record as a courtesy to the earlier developers. The following scripts were used to filter a list of files to edit in place and to clean up the CONTRIBUTED-BY file respectively. These were not added to the glibc sources because they're not expected to be of any use in future given that this is a one time task: https://gist.github.com/siddhesh/b5ecac94eabfd72ed2916d6d8157e7dc https://gist.github.com/siddhesh/15ea1f5e435ace9774f485030695ee02 Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
255 lines
6.9 KiB
C
255 lines
6.9 KiB
C
/* Quad-precision floating point e^x.
|
|
Copyright (C) 1999-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
|
|
|
|
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
|
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
|
|
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
|
|
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
|
|
|
|
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
|
Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
|
|
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
|
|
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
|
|
|
|
/* The basic design here is from
|
|
Abraham Ziv, "Fast Evaluation of Elementary Mathematical Functions with
|
|
Correctly Rounded Last Bit", ACM Trans. Math. Soft., 17 (3), September 1991,
|
|
pp. 410-423.
|
|
|
|
We work with number pairs where the first number is the high part and
|
|
the second one is the low part. Arithmetic with the high part numbers must
|
|
be exact, without any roundoff errors.
|
|
|
|
The input value, X, is written as
|
|
X = n * ln(2)_0 + arg1[t1]_0 + arg2[t2]_0 + x
|
|
- n * ln(2)_1 + arg1[t1]_1 + arg2[t2]_1 + xl
|
|
|
|
where:
|
|
- n is an integer, 16384 >= n >= -16495;
|
|
- ln(2)_0 is the first 93 bits of ln(2), and |ln(2)_0-ln(2)-ln(2)_1| < 2^-205
|
|
- t1 is an integer, 89 >= t1 >= -89
|
|
- t2 is an integer, 65 >= t2 >= -65
|
|
- |arg1[t1]-t1/256.0| < 2^-53
|
|
- |arg2[t2]-t2/32768.0| < 2^-53
|
|
- x + xl is whatever is left, |x + xl| < 2^-16 + 2^-53
|
|
|
|
Then e^x is approximated as
|
|
|
|
e^x = 2^n_1 ( 2^n_0 e^(arg1[t1]_0 + arg1[t1]_1) e^(arg2[t2]_0 + arg2[t2]_1)
|
|
+ 2^n_0 e^(arg1[t1]_0 + arg1[t1]_1) e^(arg2[t2]_0 + arg2[t2]_1)
|
|
* p (x + xl + n * ln(2)_1))
|
|
where:
|
|
- p(x) is a polynomial approximating e(x)-1
|
|
- e^(arg1[t1]_0 + arg1[t1]_1) is obtained from a table
|
|
- e^(arg2[t2]_0 + arg2[t2]_1) likewise
|
|
- n_1 + n_0 = n, so that |n_0| < -LDBL_MIN_EXP-1.
|
|
|
|
If it happens that n_1 == 0 (this is the usual case), that multiplication
|
|
is omitted.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
|
|
#define _GNU_SOURCE
|
|
#endif
|
|
#include <float.h>
|
|
#include <ieee754.h>
|
|
#include <math.h>
|
|
#include <fenv.h>
|
|
#include <inttypes.h>
|
|
#include <math-barriers.h>
|
|
#include <math_private.h>
|
|
#include <math-underflow.h>
|
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
|
#include "t_expl.h"
|
|
#include <libm-alias-finite.h>
|
|
|
|
static const _Float128 C[] = {
|
|
/* Smallest integer x for which e^x overflows. */
|
|
#define himark C[0]
|
|
L(11356.523406294143949491931077970765),
|
|
|
|
/* Largest integer x for which e^x underflows. */
|
|
#define lomark C[1]
|
|
L(-11433.4627433362978788372438434526231),
|
|
|
|
/* 3x2^96 */
|
|
#define THREEp96 C[2]
|
|
L(59421121885698253195157962752.0),
|
|
|
|
/* 3x2^103 */
|
|
#define THREEp103 C[3]
|
|
L(30423614405477505635920876929024.0),
|
|
|
|
/* 3x2^111 */
|
|
#define THREEp111 C[4]
|
|
L(7788445287802241442795744493830144.0),
|
|
|
|
/* 1/ln(2) */
|
|
#define M_1_LN2 C[5]
|
|
L(1.44269504088896340735992468100189204),
|
|
|
|
/* first 93 bits of ln(2) */
|
|
#define M_LN2_0 C[6]
|
|
L(0.693147180559945309417232121457981864),
|
|
|
|
/* ln2_0 - ln(2) */
|
|
#define M_LN2_1 C[7]
|
|
L(-1.94704509238074995158795957333327386E-31),
|
|
|
|
/* very small number */
|
|
#define TINY C[8]
|
|
L(1.0e-4900),
|
|
|
|
/* 2^16383 */
|
|
#define TWO16383 C[9]
|
|
L(5.94865747678615882542879663314003565E+4931),
|
|
|
|
/* 256 */
|
|
#define TWO8 C[10]
|
|
256,
|
|
|
|
/* 32768 */
|
|
#define TWO15 C[11]
|
|
32768,
|
|
|
|
/* Chebyshev polynom coefficients for (exp(x)-1)/x */
|
|
#define P1 C[12]
|
|
#define P2 C[13]
|
|
#define P3 C[14]
|
|
#define P4 C[15]
|
|
#define P5 C[16]
|
|
#define P6 C[17]
|
|
L(0.5),
|
|
L(1.66666666666666666666666666666666683E-01),
|
|
L(4.16666666666666666666654902320001674E-02),
|
|
L(8.33333333333333333333314659767198461E-03),
|
|
L(1.38888888889899438565058018857254025E-03),
|
|
L(1.98412698413981650382436541785404286E-04),
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
_Float128
|
|
__ieee754_expl (_Float128 x)
|
|
{
|
|
/* Check for usual case. */
|
|
if (isless (x, himark) && isgreater (x, lomark))
|
|
{
|
|
int tval1, tval2, unsafe, n_i;
|
|
_Float128 x22, n, t, result, xl;
|
|
union ieee854_long_double ex2_u, scale_u;
|
|
fenv_t oldenv;
|
|
|
|
feholdexcept (&oldenv);
|
|
#ifdef FE_TONEAREST
|
|
fesetround (FE_TONEAREST);
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
/* Calculate n. */
|
|
n = x * M_1_LN2 + THREEp111;
|
|
n -= THREEp111;
|
|
x = x - n * M_LN2_0;
|
|
xl = n * M_LN2_1;
|
|
|
|
/* Calculate t/256. */
|
|
t = x + THREEp103;
|
|
t -= THREEp103;
|
|
|
|
/* Compute tval1 = t. */
|
|
tval1 = (int) (t * TWO8);
|
|
|
|
x -= __expl_table[T_EXPL_ARG1+2*tval1];
|
|
xl -= __expl_table[T_EXPL_ARG1+2*tval1+1];
|
|
|
|
/* Calculate t/32768. */
|
|
t = x + THREEp96;
|
|
t -= THREEp96;
|
|
|
|
/* Compute tval2 = t. */
|
|
tval2 = (int) (t * TWO15);
|
|
|
|
x -= __expl_table[T_EXPL_ARG2+2*tval2];
|
|
xl -= __expl_table[T_EXPL_ARG2+2*tval2+1];
|
|
|
|
x = x + xl;
|
|
|
|
/* Compute ex2 = 2^n_0 e^(argtable[tval1]) e^(argtable[tval2]). */
|
|
ex2_u.d = __expl_table[T_EXPL_RES1 + tval1]
|
|
* __expl_table[T_EXPL_RES2 + tval2];
|
|
n_i = (int)n;
|
|
/* 'unsafe' is 1 iff n_1 != 0. */
|
|
unsafe = abs(n_i) >= 15000;
|
|
ex2_u.ieee.exponent += n_i >> unsafe;
|
|
|
|
/* Compute scale = 2^n_1. */
|
|
scale_u.d = 1;
|
|
scale_u.ieee.exponent += n_i - (n_i >> unsafe);
|
|
|
|
/* Approximate e^x2 - 1, using a seventh-degree polynomial,
|
|
with maximum error in [-2^-16-2^-53,2^-16+2^-53]
|
|
less than 4.8e-39. */
|
|
x22 = x + x*x*(P1+x*(P2+x*(P3+x*(P4+x*(P5+x*P6)))));
|
|
math_force_eval (x22);
|
|
|
|
/* Return result. */
|
|
fesetenv (&oldenv);
|
|
|
|
result = x22 * ex2_u.d + ex2_u.d;
|
|
|
|
/* Now we can test whether the result is ultimate or if we are unsure.
|
|
In the later case we should probably call a mpn based routine to give
|
|
the ultimate result.
|
|
Empirically, this routine is already ultimate in about 99.9986% of
|
|
cases, the test below for the round to nearest case will be false
|
|
in ~ 99.9963% of cases.
|
|
Without proc2 routine maximum error which has been seen is
|
|
0.5000262 ulp.
|
|
|
|
union ieee854_long_double ex3_u;
|
|
|
|
#ifdef FE_TONEAREST
|
|
fesetround (FE_TONEAREST);
|
|
#endif
|
|
ex3_u.d = (result - ex2_u.d) - x22 * ex2_u.d;
|
|
ex2_u.d = result;
|
|
ex3_u.ieee.exponent += LDBL_MANT_DIG + 15 + IEEE854_LONG_DOUBLE_BIAS
|
|
- ex2_u.ieee.exponent;
|
|
n_i = abs (ex3_u.d);
|
|
n_i = (n_i + 1) / 2;
|
|
fesetenv (&oldenv);
|
|
#ifdef FE_TONEAREST
|
|
if (fegetround () == FE_TONEAREST)
|
|
n_i -= 0x4000;
|
|
#endif
|
|
if (!n_i) {
|
|
return __ieee754_expl_proc2 (origx);
|
|
}
|
|
*/
|
|
if (!unsafe)
|
|
return result;
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
result *= scale_u.d;
|
|
math_check_force_underflow_nonneg (result);
|
|
return result;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
/* Exceptional cases: */
|
|
else if (isless (x, himark))
|
|
{
|
|
if (isinf (x))
|
|
/* e^-inf == 0, with no error. */
|
|
return 0;
|
|
else
|
|
/* Underflow */
|
|
return TINY * TINY;
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
/* Return x, if x is a NaN or Inf; or overflow, otherwise. */
|
|
return TWO16383*x;
|
|
}
|
|
libm_alias_finite (__ieee754_expl, __expl)
|