mirror of
https://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git
synced 2024-11-19 11:30:06 +00:00
41f27456ac
* login/pututline_r.c: Use struct assignment instead of memcpy. * login/getutline_r.c: Use strncmp instead of comparing two pointers that will only be equal if you are overwriting the data and screwing yourself anyway.
1050 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
1050 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
@c \input /gd/gnu/doc/texinfo
|
|
@c This is for making the `INSTALL' file for the distribution.
|
|
@c Makeinfo ignores it when processing the file from the include.
|
|
@setfilename INSTALL
|
|
|
|
@node Maintenance, Copying, Library Summary, Top
|
|
@appendix Library Maintenance
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Installation:: How to configure, compile and
|
|
install the GNU C library.
|
|
* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs (if you want to
|
|
get them fixed) and other troubles
|
|
you may have with the GNU C library.
|
|
* Source Layout:: How to add new functions or header files
|
|
to the GNU C library.
|
|
* Porting:: How to port the GNU C library to
|
|
a new machine or operating system.
|
|
* Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Installation
|
|
@appendixsec How to Install the GNU C Library
|
|
@cindex installing the library
|
|
|
|
Installation of the GNU C library is relatively simple, but usually
|
|
requires several GNU tools to be installed already.
|
|
@iftex
|
|
(@pxref{Tools for Installation}, below.)
|
|
@end iftex
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Tools for Installation:: We recommend using these tools to build.
|
|
* Supported Configurations:: What systems the GNU C library runs on.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
To configure the GNU C library for your system, run the shell script
|
|
@file{configure} with @code{sh}. Use an argument which is the
|
|
conventional GNU name for your system configuration---for example,
|
|
@samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1}, for a Sun 4 running SunOS 4.1.
|
|
@xref{Installation, Installation, Installing GNU CC, gcc.info, Using and
|
|
Porting GNU CC}, for a full description of standard GNU configuration
|
|
names. If you omit the configuration name, @file{configure} will try to
|
|
guess one for you by inspecting the system it is running on. It may or
|
|
may not be able to come up with a guess, and the its guess might be
|
|
wrong. @file{configure} will tell you the canonical name of the chosen
|
|
configuration before proceeding.
|
|
|
|
Here are some options that you should specify (if appropriate) when
|
|
you run @code{configure}:
|
|
|
|
@table @samp
|
|
@item --with-gnu-ld
|
|
Use this option if you plan to use GNU @code{ld} to link programs with
|
|
the GNU C Library. (We strongly recommend that you do.) This option
|
|
enables use of features that exist only in GNU @code{ld}; so if you
|
|
configure for GNU @code{ld} you must use GNU @code{ld} @emph{every time}
|
|
you link with the GNU C Library, and when building it.
|
|
|
|
@item --with-gnu-as
|
|
Use this option if you plan to use the GNU assembler, @code{gas}, when
|
|
building the GNU C Library. On some systems, the library may not build
|
|
properly if you do @emph{not} use @code{gas}.
|
|
|
|
@item --with-gnu-binutils
|
|
This option implies both @w{@samp{--with-gnu-ld}} and @w{@samp{--with-gnu-as}}.
|
|
On systems where GNU tools are the system tools, there is no need to
|
|
specify this option. These include GNU, GNU/Linux, and free BSD systems.
|
|
|
|
@c extra blank line makes it look better
|
|
@item --without-fp
|
|
@itemx --nfp
|
|
|
|
Use this option if your computer lacks hardware floating-point support.
|
|
|
|
@item --prefix=@var{directory}
|
|
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
|
|
@file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in @file{configparms};
|
|
see below.)
|
|
|
|
@item --exec-prefix=@var{directory}
|
|
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in subdirectories
|
|
of @file{@var{directory}}. (You can also set this in
|
|
@file{configparms}; see below.)
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-shared
|
|
@itemx --disable-shared
|
|
Enable or disable building of an ELF shared library on systems that
|
|
support it. The default is to build the shared library on systems using
|
|
ELF when the GNU @code{binutils} are available.
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-profile
|
|
@itemx --disable-profile
|
|
Enable or disable building of the profiled C library, @samp{-lc_p}. The
|
|
default is to build the profiled library. You may wish to disable it if
|
|
you don't plan to do profiling, because it doubles the build time of
|
|
compiling just the unprofiled static library.
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-omitfp
|
|
Enable building a highly-optimized but possibly undebuggable static C
|
|
library. This causes the normal static and shared (if enabled) C
|
|
libraries to be compiled with maximal optimization, including the
|
|
@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} switch that makes debugging impossible on
|
|
many machines, and without debugging information (which makes the
|
|
binaries substantially smaller). An additional static library is
|
|
compiled with no optimization and full debugging information, and
|
|
installed as @samp{-lc_g}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The simplest way to run @code{configure} is to do it in the directory
|
|
that contains the library sources. This prepares to build the library
|
|
in that very directory.
|
|
|
|
You can prepare to build the library in some other directory by going
|
|
to that other directory to run @code{configure}. In order to run
|
|
configure, you will have to specify a directory for it, like this:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
mkdir sun4
|
|
cd sun4
|
|
../configure sparc-sun-sunos4.1
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@code{configure} looks for the sources in whatever directory you
|
|
specified for finding @code{configure} itself. It does not matter where
|
|
in the file system the source and build directories are---as long as you
|
|
specify the source directory when you run @code{configure}, you will get
|
|
the proper results.
|
|
|
|
This feature lets you keep sources and binaries in different
|
|
directories, and that makes it easy to build the library for several
|
|
different machines from the same set of sources. Simply create a
|
|
build directory for each target machine, and run @code{configure} in
|
|
that directory specifying the target machine's configuration name.
|
|
|
|
The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters.
|
|
These are defined in the file @file{Makeconfig}; see the comments in
|
|
that file for the details.
|
|
|
|
But don't edit the file @file{Makeconfig} yourself---instead, create a
|
|
file @file{configparms} in the directory where you are building the
|
|
library, and define in that file the parameters you want to specify.
|
|
@file{configparms} should @strong{not} be an edited copy of
|
|
@file{Makeconfig}; specify only the parameters that you want to
|
|
override. To see how to set these parameters, find the section of
|
|
@file{Makeconfig} that says ``These are the configuration variables.''
|
|
Then for each parameter that you want to change, copy the definition
|
|
from @file{Makeconfig} to your new @file{configparms} file, and change
|
|
the value as appropriate for your system.
|
|
|
|
It is easy to configure the GNU C library for cross-compilation by
|
|
setting a few variables in @file{configparms}. Set @code{CC} to the
|
|
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
|
|
important to use this same @code{CC} value when running
|
|
@code{configure}, like this: @samp{CC=@var{target}-gcc configure
|
|
@var{target}}. Set @code{BUILD_CC} to the compiler to use for for
|
|
programs run on the build system as part of compiling the library. You
|
|
may need to set @code{AR} and @code{RANLIB} to cross-compiling versions
|
|
of @code{ar} and @code{ranlib} if the native tools are not configured to
|
|
work with object files for the target you configured for.
|
|
|
|
Some of the machine-dependent code for some machines uses extensions in
|
|
the GNU C compiler, so you may need to compile the library with GCC.
|
|
(In fact, all of the existing complete ports require GCC.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
To build the library and related programs, type @code{make}. This will
|
|
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from
|
|
@code{make} (but isn't). Look for error messages from @code{make}
|
|
containing @samp{***}. Those indicate that something is really wrong.
|
|
|
|
To build and run some test programs which exercise some of the library
|
|
facilities, type @code{make check}. This will produce several files
|
|
with names like @file{@var{program}.out}.
|
|
|
|
To format the @cite{GNU C Library Reference Manual} for printing, type
|
|
@w{@code{make dvi}}.
|
|
|
|
To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
|
|
manual, type @code{make install}. This will build things if necessary,
|
|
before installing them.@refill
|
|
|
|
@node Tools for Installation
|
|
@appendixsubsec Recommended Tools to Install the GNU C Library
|
|
@cindex installation tools
|
|
@cindex tools, for installing library
|
|
|
|
We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
|
|
build the GNU C library:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
@code{make} 3.75
|
|
|
|
You need the latest version of GNU @code{make}. Modifying the GNU C
|
|
Library to work with other @code{make} programs would be so hard that we
|
|
recommend you port GNU @code{make} instead. @strong{Really.}
|
|
We recommend version GNU @code{make} version 3.75 or later.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
GCC 2.7.2
|
|
|
|
On most platforms, the GNU C library can only be compiled with the GNU C
|
|
compiler. We recommend GCC version 2.7.2 or later; earlier versions may
|
|
have problems.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
@code{binutils} 2.6
|
|
|
|
Using the GNU @code{binutils} (assembler, linker, and related tools) is
|
|
preferable when possible, and they are required to build an ELF shared C
|
|
library. We recommend @code{binutils} version 2.6 or later; earlier
|
|
versions are known to have problems.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@node Supported Configurations
|
|
@appendixsubsec Supported Configurations
|
|
@cindex configurations, all supported
|
|
|
|
The GNU C Library currently supports configurations that match the
|
|
following patterns:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
alpha-dec-osf1
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-bsd4.3
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-gnu
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc2.2
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-isc3.@var{n}
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-linux
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sco3.2v4
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv
|
|
i@var{x}86-@var{anything}-sysv4
|
|
i@var{x}86-force_cpu386-none
|
|
i@var{x}86-sequent-bsd
|
|
i960-nindy960-none
|
|
m68k-hp-bsd4.3
|
|
m68k-mvme135-none
|
|
m68k-mvme136-none
|
|
m68k-sony-newsos3
|
|
m68k-sony-newsos4
|
|
m68k-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
|
|
mips-dec-ultrix4.@var{n}
|
|
mips-sgi-irix4.@var{n}
|
|
sparc-sun-solaris2.@var{n}
|
|
sparc-sun-sunos4.@var{n}
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
Each case of @samp{i@var{x}86} can be @samp{i386}, @samp{i486},
|
|
@samp{i586}, or @samp{i686}.. All of those configurations produce a
|
|
library that can run on any of these processors. The library will be
|
|
optimized for the specified processor, but will not use instructions not
|
|
available on all of them.
|
|
|
|
While no other configurations are supported, there are handy aliases for
|
|
these few. (These aliases work in other GNU software as well.)
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
decstation
|
|
hp320-bsd4.3 hp300bsd
|
|
i486-gnu
|
|
i586-linux
|
|
i386-sco
|
|
i386-sco3.2v4
|
|
i386-sequent-dynix
|
|
i386-svr4
|
|
news
|
|
sun3-sunos4.@var{n} sun3
|
|
sun4-solaris2.@var{n} sun4-sunos5.@var{n}
|
|
sun4-sunos4.@var{n} sun4
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@node Reporting Bugs
|
|
@appendixsec Reporting Bugs
|
|
@cindex reporting bugs
|
|
@cindex bugs, reporting
|
|
|
|
There are probably bugs in the GNU C library. There are certainly
|
|
errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get
|
|
fixed. If you don't, no one will ever know about them and they will
|
|
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.
|
|
|
|
To report a bug, first you must find it. Hopefully, this will be the
|
|
hard part. Once you've found a bug, make sure it's really a bug. A
|
|
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C library behaves the same way
|
|
some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the
|
|
libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries
|
|
is probably wrong.
|
|
|
|
Once you're sure you've found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
|
|
smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C
|
|
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library
|
|
function call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
|
|
|
|
The final step when you have a simple test case is to report the bug.
|
|
When reporting a bug, send your test case, the results you got, the
|
|
results you expected, what you think the problem might be (if you've
|
|
thought of anything), your system type, and the version of the GNU C
|
|
library which you are using. Also include the files
|
|
@file{config.status} and @file{config.make} which are created by running
|
|
@file{configure}; they will be in whatever directory was current when
|
|
you ran @file{configure}.
|
|
|
|
If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C library does not
|
|
conform to the ANSI and POSIX standards (@pxref{Standards and
|
|
Portability}), that is definitely a bug. Report it!@refill
|
|
|
|
Send bug reports to the Internet address
|
|
@samp{bug-glibc@@prep.ai.mit.edu} or the UUCP path
|
|
@samp{mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-glibc}. If you have other problems
|
|
with installation or use, please report those as well.@refill
|
|
|
|
If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
|
|
doesn't tell you, that's a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the
|
|
function's behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
|
|
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any
|
|
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the Internet
|
|
address @samp{bug-glibc-manual@@prep.ai.mit.edu} or the UUCP path
|
|
@samp{mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-glibc-manual}.
|
|
|
|
@node Source Layout
|
|
@appendixsec Adding New Functions
|
|
|
|
The process of building the library is driven by the makefiles, which
|
|
make heavy use of special features of GNU @code{make}. The makefiles
|
|
are very complex, and you probably don't want to try to understand them.
|
|
But what they do is fairly straightforward, and only requires that you
|
|
define a few variables in the right places.
|
|
|
|
The library sources are divided into subdirectories, grouped by topic.
|
|
|
|
The @file{string} subdirectory has all the string-manipulation
|
|
functions, @file{math} has all the mathematical functions, etc.
|
|
|
|
Each subdirectory contains a simple makefile, called @file{Makefile},
|
|
which defines a few @code{make} variables and then includes the global
|
|
makefile @file{Rules} with a line like:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
include ../Rules
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The basic variables that a subdirectory makefile defines are:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item subdir
|
|
The name of the subdirectory, for example @file{stdio}.
|
|
This variable @strong{must} be defined.
|
|
|
|
@item headers
|
|
The names of the header files in this section of the library,
|
|
such as @file{stdio.h}.
|
|
|
|
@item routines
|
|
@itemx aux
|
|
The names of the modules (source files) in this section of the library.
|
|
These should be simple names, such as @samp{strlen} (rather than
|
|
complete file names, such as @file{strlen.c}). Use @code{routines} for
|
|
modules that define functions in the library, and @code{aux} for
|
|
auxiliary modules containing things like data definitions. But the
|
|
values of @code{routines} and @code{aux} are just concatenated, so there
|
|
really is no practical difference.@refill
|
|
|
|
@item tests
|
|
The names of test programs for this section of the library. These
|
|
should be simple names, such as @samp{tester} (rather than complete file
|
|
names, such as @file{tester.c}). @w{@samp{make tests}} will build and
|
|
run all the test programs. If a test program needs input, put the test
|
|
data in a file called @file{@var{test-program}.input}; it will be given to
|
|
the test program on its standard input. If a test program wants to be
|
|
run with arguments, put the arguments (all on a single line) in a file
|
|
called @file{@var{test-program}.args}. Test programs should exit with
|
|
zero status when the test passes, and nonzero status when the test
|
|
indicates a bug in the library or error in building.
|
|
|
|
@item others
|
|
The names of ``other'' programs associated with this section of the
|
|
library. These are programs which are not tests per se, but are other
|
|
small programs included with the library. They are built by
|
|
@w{@samp{make others}}.@refill
|
|
|
|
@item install-lib
|
|
@itemx install-data
|
|
@itemx install
|
|
Files to be installed by @w{@samp{make install}}. Files listed in
|
|
@samp{install-lib} are installed in the directory specified by
|
|
@samp{libdir} in @file{configparms} or @file{Makeconfig}
|
|
(@pxref{Installation}). Files listed in @code{install-data} are
|
|
installed in the directory specified by @samp{datadir} in
|
|
@file{configparms} or @file{Makeconfig}. Files listed in @code{install}
|
|
are installed in the directory specified by @samp{bindir} in
|
|
@file{configparms} or @file{Makeconfig}.@refill
|
|
|
|
@item distribute
|
|
Other files from this subdirectory which should be put into a
|
|
distribution tar file. You need not list here the makefile itself or
|
|
the source and header files listed in the other standard variables.
|
|
Only define @code{distribute} if there are files used in an unusual way
|
|
that should go into the distribution.
|
|
|
|
@item generated
|
|
Files which are generated by @file{Makefile} in this subdirectory.
|
|
These files will be removed by @w{@samp{make clean}}, and they will
|
|
never go into a distribution.
|
|
|
|
@item extra-objs
|
|
Extra object files which are built by @file{Makefile} in this
|
|
subdirectory. This should be a list of file names like @file{foo.o};
|
|
the files will actually be found in whatever directory object files are
|
|
being built in. These files will be removed by @w{@samp{make clean}}.
|
|
This variable is used for secondary object files needed to build
|
|
@code{others} or @code{tests}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Porting
|
|
@appendixsec Porting the GNU C Library
|
|
|
|
The GNU C library is written to be easily portable to a variety of
|
|
machines and operating systems. Machine- and operating system-dependent
|
|
functions are well separated to make it easy to add implementations for
|
|
new machines or operating systems. This section describes the layout of
|
|
the library source tree and explains the mechanisms used to select
|
|
machine-dependent code to use.
|
|
|
|
All the machine-dependent and operating system-dependent files in the
|
|
library are in the subdirectory @file{sysdeps} under the top-level
|
|
library source directory. This directory contains a hierarchy of
|
|
subdirectories (@pxref{Hierarchy Conventions}).
|
|
|
|
Each subdirectory of @file{sysdeps} contains source files for a
|
|
particular machine or operating system, or for a class of machine or
|
|
operating system (for example, systems by a particular vendor, or all
|
|
machines that use IEEE 754 floating-point format). A configuration
|
|
specifies an ordered list of these subdirectories. Each subdirectory
|
|
implicitly appends its parent directory to the list. For example,
|
|
specifying the list @file{unix/bsd/vax} is equivalent to specifying the
|
|
list @file{unix/bsd/vax unix/bsd unix}. A subdirectory can also specify
|
|
that it implies other subdirectories which are not directly above it in
|
|
the directory hierarchy. If the file @file{Implies} exists in a
|
|
subdirectory, it lists other subdirectories of @file{sysdeps} which are
|
|
appended to the list, appearing after the subdirectory containing the
|
|
@file{Implies} file. Lines in an @file{Implies} file that begin with a
|
|
@samp{#} character are ignored as comments. For example,
|
|
@file{unix/bsd/Implies} contains:@refill
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
# BSD has Internet-related things.
|
|
unix/inet
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
@noindent
|
|
and @file{unix/Implies} contains:
|
|
@need 300
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
posix
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
So the final list is @file{unix/bsd/vax unix/bsd unix/inet unix posix}.
|
|
|
|
@file{sysdeps} has two ``special'' subdirectories, called @file{generic}
|
|
and @file{stub}. These two are always implicitly appended to the list
|
|
of subdirectories (in that order), so you needn't put them in an
|
|
@file{Implies} file, and you should not create any subdirectories under
|
|
them intended to be new specific categories. @file{generic} is for
|
|
things that can be implemented in machine-independent C, using only
|
|
other machine-independent functions in the C library. @file{stub} is
|
|
for @dfn{stub} versions of functions which cannot be implemented on a
|
|
particular machine or operating system. The stub functions always
|
|
return an error, and set @code{errno} to @code{ENOSYS} (Function not
|
|
implemented). @xref{Error Reporting}.
|
|
|
|
A source file is known to be system-dependent by its having a version in
|
|
@file{generic} or @file{stub}; every generally-available function whose
|
|
implementation is system-dependent in should have either a generic or
|
|
stub implementation (there is no point in having both). Some rare functions
|
|
are only useful on specific systems and aren't defined at all on others;
|
|
these do not appear anywhere in the system-independent source code or makefiles
|
|
(including the @file{generic} and @file{stub} directories), only in the
|
|
system-dependent @file{Makefile} in the specific system's subdirectory.
|
|
|
|
If you come across a file that is in one of the main source directories
|
|
(@file{string}, @file{stdio}, etc.), and you want to write a machine- or
|
|
operating system-dependent version of it, move the file into
|
|
@file{sysdeps/generic} and write your new implementation in the
|
|
appropriate system-specific subdirectory. Note that if a file is to be
|
|
system-dependent, it @strong{must not} appear in one of the main source
|
|
directories.@refill
|
|
|
|
There are a few special files that may exist in each subdirectory of
|
|
@file{sysdeps}:
|
|
|
|
@comment Blank lines after items make the table look better.
|
|
@table @file
|
|
@item Makefile
|
|
|
|
A makefile for this machine or operating system, or class of machine or
|
|
operating system. This file is included by the library makefile
|
|
@file{Makerules}, which is used by the top-level makefile and the
|
|
subdirectory makefiles. It can change the variables set in the
|
|
including makefile or add new rules. It can use GNU @code{make}
|
|
conditional directives based on the variable @samp{subdir} (see above) to
|
|
select different sets of variables and rules for different sections of
|
|
the library. It can also set the @code{make} variable
|
|
@samp{sysdep-routines}, to specify extra modules to be included in the
|
|
library. You should use @samp{sysdep-routines} rather than adding
|
|
modules to @samp{routines} because the latter is used in determining
|
|
what to distribute for each subdirectory of the main source tree.@refill
|
|
|
|
Each makefile in a subdirectory in the ordered list of subdirectories to
|
|
be searched is included in order. Since several system-dependent
|
|
makefiles may be included, each should append to @samp{sysdep-routines}
|
|
rather than simply setting it:
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
sysdep-routines := $(sysdep-routines) foo bar
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
@need 1000
|
|
@item Subdirs
|
|
|
|
This file contains the names of new whole subdirectories under the
|
|
top-level library source tree that should be included for this system.
|
|
These subdirectories are treated just like the system-independent
|
|
subdirectories in the library source tree, such as @file{stdio} and
|
|
@file{math}.
|
|
|
|
Use this when there are completely new sets of functions and header
|
|
files that should go into the library for the system this subdirectory
|
|
of @file{sysdeps} implements. For example,
|
|
@file{sysdeps/unix/inet/Subdirs} contains @file{inet}; the @file{inet}
|
|
directory contains various network-oriented operations which only make
|
|
sense to put in the library on systems that support the Internet.@refill
|
|
|
|
@item Dist
|
|
|
|
This file contains the names of files (relative to the subdirectory of
|
|
@file{sysdeps} in which it appears) which should be included in the
|
|
distribution. List any new files used by rules in the @file{Makefile}
|
|
in the same directory, or header files used by the source files in that
|
|
directory. You don't need to list files that are implementations
|
|
(either C or assembly source) of routines whose names are given in the
|
|
machine-independent makefiles in the main source tree.
|
|
|
|
@item configure
|
|
|
|
This file is a shell script fragment to be run at configuration time.
|
|
The top-level @file{configure} script uses the shell @code{.} command to
|
|
read the @file{configure} file in each system-dependent directory
|
|
chosen, in order. The @file{configure} files are often generated from
|
|
@file{configure.in} files using Autoconf.
|
|
|
|
A system-dependent @file{configure} script will usually add things to
|
|
the shell variables @samp{DEFS} and @samp{config_vars}; see the
|
|
top-level @file{configure} script for details. The script can check for
|
|
@w{@samp{--with-@var{package}}} options that were passed to the
|
|
top-level @file{configure}. For an option
|
|
@w{@samp{--with-@var{package}=@var{value}}} @file{configure} sets the
|
|
shell variable @w{@samp{with_@var{package}}} (with any dashes in
|
|
@var{package} converted to underscores) to @var{value}; if the option is
|
|
just @w{@samp{--with-@var{package}}} (no argument), then it sets
|
|
@w{@samp{with_@var{package}}} to @samp{yes}.
|
|
|
|
@item configure.in
|
|
|
|
This file is an Autoconf input fragment to be processed into the file
|
|
@file{configure} in this subdirectory. @xref{Introduction,,,
|
|
autoconf.info, Autoconf: Generating Automatic Configuration Scripts},
|
|
for a description of Autoconf. You should write either @file{configure}
|
|
or @file{configure.in}, but not both. The first line of
|
|
@file{configure.in} should invoke the @code{m4} macro
|
|
@samp{GLIBC_PROVIDES}. This macro does several @code{AC_PROVIDE} calls
|
|
for Autoconf macros which are used by the top-level @file{configure}
|
|
script; without this, those macros might be invoked again unnecessarily
|
|
by Autoconf.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
That is the general system for how system-dependencies are isolated.
|
|
@iftex
|
|
The next section explains how to decide what directories in
|
|
@file{sysdeps} to use. @ref{Porting to Unix}, has some tips on porting
|
|
the library to Unix variants.
|
|
@end iftex
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Hierarchy Conventions:: The layout of the @file{sysdeps} hierarchy.
|
|
* Porting to Unix:: Porting the library to an average
|
|
Unix-like system.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Hierarchy Conventions
|
|
@appendixsubsec Layout of the @file{sysdeps} Directory Hierarchy
|
|
|
|
A GNU configuration name has three parts: the CPU type, the
|
|
manufacturer's name, and the operating system. @file{configure} uses
|
|
these to pick the list of system-dependent directories to look for. If
|
|
the @samp{--nfp} option is @emph{not} passed to @file{configure}, the
|
|
directory @file{@var{machine}/fpu} is also used. The operating system
|
|
often has a @dfn{base operating system}; for example, if the operating
|
|
system is @samp{sunos4.1}, the base operating system is @samp{unix/bsd}.
|
|
The algorithm used to pick the list of directories is simple:
|
|
@file{configure} makes a list of the base operating system,
|
|
manufacturer, CPU type, and operating system, in that order. It then
|
|
concatenates all these together with slashes in between, to produce a
|
|
directory name; for example, the configuration @w{@samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1}}
|
|
results in @file{unix/bsd/sun/sparc/sunos4.1}. @file{configure} then
|
|
tries removing each element of the list in turn, so
|
|
@file{unix/bsd/sparc} and @file{sun/sparc} are also tried, among others.
|
|
Since the precise version number of the operating system is often not
|
|
important, and it would be very inconvenient, for example, to have
|
|
identical @file{sunos4.1.1} and @file{sunos4.1.2} directories,
|
|
@file{configure} tries successively less specific operating system names
|
|
by removing trailing suffixes starting with a period.
|
|
|
|
As an example, here is the complete list of directories that would be
|
|
tried for the configuration @w{@samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1}} (without the
|
|
@w{@samp{--nfp}} option):
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
sparc/fpu
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos4.1
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos4/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos4
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sunos
|
|
unix/bsd/sun/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sun
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos4.1
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos4/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos4
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd/sunos
|
|
unix/bsd/sparc
|
|
unix/bsd
|
|
unix/sun/sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
unix/sun/sunos4.1
|
|
unix/sun/sunos4/sparc
|
|
unix/sun/sunos4
|
|
unix/sun/sunos/sparc
|
|
unix/sun/sunos
|
|
unix/sun/sparc
|
|
unix/sun
|
|
unix/sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
unix/sunos4.1
|
|
unix/sunos4/sparc
|
|
unix/sunos4
|
|
unix/sunos/sparc
|
|
unix/sunos
|
|
unix/sparc
|
|
unix
|
|
sun/sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
sun/sunos4.1
|
|
sun/sunos4/sparc
|
|
sun/sunos4
|
|
sun/sunos/sparc
|
|
sun/sunos
|
|
sun/sparc
|
|
sun
|
|
sunos4.1/sparc
|
|
sunos4.1
|
|
sunos4/sparc
|
|
sunos4
|
|
sunos/sparc
|
|
sunos
|
|
sparc
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
Different machine architectures are conventionally subdirectories at the
|
|
top level of the @file{sysdeps} directory tree. For example,
|
|
@w{@file{sysdeps/sparc}} and @w{@file{sysdeps/m68k}}. These contain
|
|
files specific to those machine architectures, but not specific to any
|
|
particular operating system. There might be subdirectories for
|
|
specializations of those architectures, such as
|
|
@w{@file{sysdeps/m68k/68020}}. Code which is specific to the
|
|
floating-point coprocessor used with a particular machine should go in
|
|
@w{@file{sysdeps/@var{machine}/fpu}}.
|
|
|
|
There are a few directories at the top level of the @file{sysdeps}
|
|
hierarchy that are not for particular machine architectures.
|
|
|
|
@table @file
|
|
@item generic
|
|
@itemx stub
|
|
As described above (@pxref{Porting}), these are the two subdirectories
|
|
that every configuration implicitly uses after all others.
|
|
|
|
@item ieee754
|
|
This directory is for code using the IEEE 754 floating-point format,
|
|
where the C type @code{float} is IEEE 754 single-precision format, and
|
|
@code{double} is IEEE 754 double-precision format. Usually this
|
|
directory is referred to in the @file{Implies} file in a machine
|
|
architecture-specific directory, such as @file{m68k/Implies}.
|
|
|
|
@item posix
|
|
This directory contains implementations of things in the library in
|
|
terms of @sc{POSIX.1} functions. This includes some of the @sc{POSIX.1}
|
|
functions themselves. Of course, @sc{POSIX.1} cannot be completely
|
|
implemented in terms of itself, so a configuration using just
|
|
@file{posix} cannot be complete.
|
|
|
|
@item unix
|
|
This is the directory for Unix-like things. @xref{Porting to Unix}.
|
|
@file{unix} implies @file{posix}. There are some special-purpose
|
|
subdirectories of @file{unix}:
|
|
|
|
@table @file
|
|
@item unix/common
|
|
This directory is for things common to both BSD and System V release 4.
|
|
Both @file{unix/bsd} and @file{unix/sysv/sysv4} imply @file{unix/common}.
|
|
|
|
@item unix/inet
|
|
This directory is for @code{socket} and related functions on Unix systems.
|
|
The @file{inet} top-level subdirectory is enabled by @file{unix/inet/Subdirs}.
|
|
@file{unix/common} implies @file{unix/inet}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item mach
|
|
This is the directory for things based on the Mach microkernel from CMU
|
|
(including the GNU operating system). Other basic operating systems
|
|
(VMS, for example) would have their own directories at the top level of
|
|
the @file{sysdeps} hierarchy, parallel to @file{unix} and @file{mach}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Porting to Unix
|
|
@appendixsubsec Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems
|
|
|
|
Most Unix systems are fundamentally very similar. There are variations
|
|
between different machines, and variations in what facilities are
|
|
provided by the kernel. But the interface to the operating system
|
|
facilities is, for the most part, pretty uniform and simple.
|
|
|
|
The code for Unix systems is in the directory @file{unix}, at the top
|
|
level of the @file{sysdeps} hierarchy. This directory contains
|
|
subdirectories (and subdirectory trees) for various Unix variants.
|
|
|
|
The functions which are system calls in most Unix systems are
|
|
implemented in assembly code in files in @file{sysdeps/unix}. These
|
|
files are named with a suffix of @samp{.S}; for example,
|
|
@file{__open.S}. Files ending in @samp{.S} are run through the C
|
|
preprocessor before being fed to the assembler.
|
|
|
|
These files all use a set of macros that should be defined in
|
|
@file{sysdep.h}. The @file{sysdep.h} file in @file{sysdeps/unix}
|
|
partially defines them; a @file{sysdep.h} file in another directory must
|
|
finish defining them for the particular machine and operating system
|
|
variant. See @file{sysdeps/unix/sysdep.h} and the machine-specific
|
|
@file{sysdep.h} implementations to see what these macros are and what
|
|
they should do.@refill
|
|
|
|
The system-specific makefile for the @file{unix} directory (that is, the
|
|
file @file{sysdeps/unix/Makefile}) gives rules to generate several files
|
|
from the Unix system you are building the library on (which is assumed
|
|
to be the target system you are building the library @emph{for}). All
|
|
the generated files are put in the directory where the object files are
|
|
kept; they should not affect the source tree itself. The files
|
|
generated are @file{ioctls.h}, @file{errnos.h}, @file{sys/param.h}, and
|
|
@file{errlist.c} (for the @file{stdio} section of the library).
|
|
|
|
@ignore
|
|
@c This section might be a good idea if it is finished,
|
|
@c but there's no point including it as it stands. --rms
|
|
@c @appendixsec Compatibility with Traditional C
|
|
|
|
@c ??? This section is really short now. Want to keep it? --roland
|
|
|
|
Although the GNU C library implements the ANSI C library facilities, you
|
|
@emph{can} use the GNU C library with traditional, ``pre-ANSI'' C
|
|
compilers. However, you need to be careful because the content and
|
|
organization of the GNU C library header files differs from that of
|
|
traditional C implementations. This means you may need to make changes
|
|
to your program in order to get it to compile.
|
|
@end ignore
|
|
|
|
@node Contributors
|
|
@appendixsec Contributors to the GNU C Library
|
|
|
|
The GNU C library was written originally by Roland McGrath. Some parts
|
|
of the library were contributed or worked on by other people.
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
The @code{getopt} function and related code were written by
|
|
Richard Stallman, @w{David J. MacKenzie}, and @w{Roland McGrath}.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The merge sort function @code{qsort} was written by Michael J. Haertel.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The quick sort function used as a fallback by @code{qsort} was written
|
|
by Douglas C. Schmidt.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The memory allocation functions @code{malloc}, @code{realloc} and
|
|
@code{free} and related code were written by Michael J. Haertel.
|
|
|
|
@comment tege's name has an umlaut.
|
|
@tex
|
|
\xdef\SETtege{Torbj\"orn Granlund}
|
|
@end tex
|
|
@ifinfo
|
|
@set tege Torbjorn Granlund
|
|
@end ifinfo
|
|
@item
|
|
Fast implementations of many of the string functions (@code{memcpy},
|
|
@code{strlen}, etc.) were written by @value{tege}.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The @file{tar.h} header file was written by David J. MacKenzie.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to the MIPS DECStation running Ultrix 4
|
|
(@code{mips-dec-ultrix4})
|
|
was contributed by Brendan Kehoe and Ian Lance Taylor.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The DES encryption function @code{crypt} and related functions were
|
|
contributed by Michael Glad.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The @code{ftw} function was contributed by Ian Lance Taylor.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The startup code to support SunOS shared libraries was contributed by
|
|
Tom Quinn.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The @code{mktime} function was contributed by Paul Eggert.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to the Sequent Symmetry running Dynix version 3
|
|
(@code{i386-sequent-bsd}) was contributed by Jason Merrill.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The timezone support code is derived from the public-domain timezone
|
|
package by Arthur David Olson and his many contributors.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to the DEC Alpha running OSF/1 (@code{alpha-dec-osf1}) was
|
|
contributed by Brendan Kehoe, using some code written by Roland McGrath.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to SGI machines running Irix 4 (@code{mips-sgi-irix4}) was
|
|
contributed by Tom Quinn.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port of the Mach and Hurd code to the MIPS architecture
|
|
(@code{mips-@var{anything}-gnu}) was contributed by Kazumoto Kojima.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The floating-point printing function used by @code{printf} and friends
|
|
and the floating-point reading function used by @code{scanf},
|
|
@code{strtod} and friends were written by Ulrich Drepper. The
|
|
multi-precision integer functions used in those functions are taken from
|
|
GNU MP, which was contributed by @value{tege}.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The internationalization support in the library, and the support programs
|
|
@code{locale} and @code{localedef}, were written by Ulrich Drepper.
|
|
Ulrich Drepper adapted the support code for message catalogs
|
|
(@file{libintl.h}, etc.) from the GNU @code{gettext} package, which he
|
|
also wrote. He also contributed the entire suite of multi-byte and
|
|
wide-character support functions (@file{wctype.h}, @file{wchar.h}, etc.).
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to Linux i386/ELF (@code{i386-@var{anything}-linux}) was
|
|
contributed by Ulrich Drepper, based in large part on work done in
|
|
Hongjiu Lu's Linux version of the GNU C Library.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The port to Linux/m68k (@code{m68k-@var{anything}-linux}) was
|
|
contributed by Andreas Schwab.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
Stephen R. van den Berg contributed a highly-optimized @code{strstr} function.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
Ulrich Drepper contributed the @code{hsearch} and @code{drand48}
|
|
families of functions; reentrant @samp{@dots{}@code{_r}} versions of the
|
|
@code{random} family; System V shared memory and IPC support code; and
|
|
several highly-optimized string functions for i@var{x}86 processors.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The math functions are taken from @code{fdlibm-5.1} by Sun
|
|
Microsystems, as modified by J.T. Conklin and Ian Lance Taylor.
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The Internet-related code (most of the @file{inet} subdirectory) and
|
|
several other miscellaneous functions and header files have been
|
|
included from 4.4 BSD with little or no modification.
|
|
|
|
All code incorporated from 4.4 BSD is under the following copyright:
|
|
|
|
@quotation
|
|
@display
|
|
Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Regents of the University of California.
|
|
All rights reserved.
|
|
@end display
|
|
|
|
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
are met:
|
|
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item
|
|
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
@item
|
|
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
@item
|
|
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
@quotation
|
|
This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
@item
|
|
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
without specific prior written permission.
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
@sc{this software is provided by the regents and contributors ``as is'' and
|
|
any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the
|
|
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose
|
|
are disclaimed. in no event shall the regents or contributors be liable
|
|
for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
|
|
damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods
|
|
or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption)
|
|
however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
|
|
liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way
|
|
out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of
|
|
such damage.}
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The random number generation functions @code{random}, @code{srandom},
|
|
@code{setstate} and @code{initstate}, which are also the basis for the
|
|
@code{rand} and @code{srand} functions, were written by Earl T. Cohen
|
|
for the University of California at Berkeley and are copyrighted by the
|
|
Regents of the University of California. They have undergone minor
|
|
changes to fit into the GNU C library and to fit the ANSI C standard,
|
|
but the functional code is Berkeley's.@refill
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The Internet resolver code is taken directly from BIND 4.9.3, which is
|
|
under both the Berkeley copyright above and also:
|
|
|
|
@quotation
|
|
Portions Copyright @copyright{} 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
|
|
|
|
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and
|
|
that the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in
|
|
advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or
|
|
software without specific, written prior permission.
|
|
|
|
@sc{the software is provided ``as is'' and digital equipment corp.
|
|
disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all
|
|
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. in no event shall
|
|
digital equipment corporation be liable for any special, direct,
|
|
indirect, or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting
|
|
from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
|
|
negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection
|
|
with the use or performance of this software.}
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
The code to support Sun RPC is taken verbatim from Sun's
|
|
@w{@sc{rpcsrc-4.0}} distribution, and is covered by this copyright:
|
|
|
|
@quotation
|
|
@display
|
|
Copyright @copyright{} 1984, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
@end display
|
|
|
|
Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
|
|
unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape media
|
|
and as a part of the software program in whole or part. Users may copy
|
|
or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized to license or
|
|
distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or program
|
|
developed by the user.
|
|
|
|
@sc{sun rpc is provided as is with no warranties of any kind including the
|
|
warranties of design, merchantibility and fitness for a particular
|
|
purpose, or arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice.}
|
|
|
|
Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
|
|
part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
|
|
modification or enhancement.
|
|
|
|
@sc{sun microsystems, inc. shall have no liability with respect to the
|
|
infringement of copyrights, trade secrets or any patents by sun rpc
|
|
or any part thereof.}
|
|
|
|
In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
|
|
or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
|
|
Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
|
|
|
|
@display
|
|
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
|
2550 Garcia Avenue
|
|
Mountain View, California 94043
|
|
@end display
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
Some of the support code for Mach is taken from Mach 3.0 by CMU,
|
|
and is under the following copyright terms:
|
|
|
|
@quotation
|
|
@display
|
|
Mach Operating System
|
|
Copyright @copyright{} 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
|
|
All Rights Reserved.
|
|
@end display
|
|
|
|
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
|
|
documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
|
|
notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
|
|
software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
|
|
thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
|
|
|
|
@sc{carnegie mellon allows free use of this software in its ``as is''
|
|
condition. carnegie mellon disclaims any liability of any kind for
|
|
any damages whatsoever resulting from the use of this software.}
|
|
|
|
Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
|
|
|
|
@display
|
|
Software Distribution Coordinator
|
|
School of Computer Science
|
|
Carnegie Mellon University
|
|
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
|
|
@end display
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
or @samp{Software.Distribution@@CS.CMU.EDU} any improvements or
|
|
extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to
|
|
redistribute these changes.
|
|
@end quotation
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@c @bye
|