glibc/stdlib/stdlib.h

/* Copyright (C) 1991-2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
   02111-1307 USA.  */

/*
 *	ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities	<stdlib.h>
 */

#ifndef	_STDLIB_H

#include <features.h>

/* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
#define		__need_size_t
#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
# define	__need_wchar_t
# define	__need_NULL
#endif
#include <stddef.h>

__BEGIN_DECLS

#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
#define	_STDLIB_H	1

#if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
/* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
# include <bits/waitflags.h>
# include <bits/waitstatus.h>

# ifdef __USE_BSD

/* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
   as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */

#  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
#   define __WAIT_INT(status)						      \
  (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;	      \
		    __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
#  else
#   define __WAIT_INT(status)	(*(int *) &(status))
#  endif

/* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
   causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
   allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
   the actual function definitions.  */

#  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
#   define __WAIT_STATUS	void *
#   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN	void *
#  else
/* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
typedef union
  {
    union wait *__uptr;
    int *__iptr;
  } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
#   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN	int *
#  endif

# else /* Don't use BSD.  */

#  define __WAIT_INT(status)	(status)
#  define __WAIT_STATUS		int *
#  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN	int *

# endif /* Use BSD.  */

/* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
# define WEXITSTATUS(status)	__WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
# define WTERMSIG(status)	__WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
# define WSTOPSIG(status)	__WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
# define WIFEXITED(status)	__WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
# define WIFSIGNALED(status)	__WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
# define WIFSTOPPED(status)	__WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
# ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
#  define WIFCONTINUED(status)	__WIFCONTINUED(__WAIT_INT(status))
# endif
#endif	/* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Returned by `div'.  */
typedef struct
  {
    int quot;			/* Quotient.  */
    int rem;			/* Remainder.  */
  } div_t;

/* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
#ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
typedef struct
  {
    long int quot;		/* Quotient.  */
    long int rem;		/* Remainder.  */
  } ldiv_t;
# define __ldiv_t_defined	1
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
__extension__ typedef struct
  {
    long long int quot;		/* Quotient.  */
    long long int rem;		/* Remainder.  */
  } lldiv_t;
# define __lldiv_t_defined	1
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif


/* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
#define	RAND_MAX	2147483647


/* We define these the same for all machines.
   Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
#define	EXIT_FAILURE	1	/* Failing exit status.  */
#define	EXIT_SUCCESS	0	/* Successful exit status.  */


/* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
#define	MB_CUR_MAX	(__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
extern double atof (__const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to an integer.  */
extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
__extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
		      char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef	__USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
		     char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				  char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
/* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			     char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				       char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */

#if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
					char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */


#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
   thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
   information from several different locales.  Another application is
   the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
   upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
   the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
   argument.

   Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
   This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */

/* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
   (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
# include <xlocale.h>

/* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
   use as an additional parameter.  */
extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			  char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
			  __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;

extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				    char **__restrict __endptr,
				    int __base, __locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;

__extension__
extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
				__locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;

__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
					  char **__restrict __endptr,
					  int __base, __locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4)) __wur;

extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;

extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
		       char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;

extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr,
			      __locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3)) __wur;
#endif /* GNU */


/* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
   saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */

extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				       char **__restrict __endptr,
				       int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
				   char **__restrict __endptr,
				   int __base, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# define __strtol_internal_defined	1
#endif
#ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
					     char **__restrict __endptr,
					     int __base, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# define __strtoul_internal_defined	1
#endif
#if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
# ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
__extension__
extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
					 char **__restrict __endptr,
					 int __base, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  define __strtoll_internal_defined	1
# endif
# ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
__extension__
extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
						   __restrict __nptr,
						   char **__restrict __endptr,
						   int __base, int __group)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  define __strtoull_internal_defined	1
# endif
#endif /* GCC */

#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
/* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
__extern_inline double
__NTH (strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
{
  return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
}
__extern_inline long int
__NTH (strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
	       int __base))
{
  return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
__extern_inline unsigned long int
__NTH (strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
		int __base))
{
  return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

# ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
__extern_inline float
__NTH (strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
{
  return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
}
#  ifndef __LDBL_COMPAT
__extern_inline long double
__NTH (strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
{
  return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
}
#  endif
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
# endif

# ifdef __USE_BSD
__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
__NTH (strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
	       int __base))
{
  return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
__extension__ __extern_inline unsigned long long int
__NTH (strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
		int __base))
{
  return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
# endif

# if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
__NTH (strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
		int __base))
{
  return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
__extension__ __extern_inline unsigned long long int
__NTH (strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
		 int __base))
{
  return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
}
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
# endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
__extern_inline double
__NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
{
  return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
}
__extern_inline int
__NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
{
  return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}
__extern_inline long int
__NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
{
  return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

# if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
__NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
{
  return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
# endif
#endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */


#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
   digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
   next call.  */
extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;

/* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
extern long int a64l (__const char *__s)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

#endif	/* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */

#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
# include <sys/types.h>	/* we need int32_t... */

/* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
   `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
   The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
   We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
/* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
extern long int random (void) __THROW;

/* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;

/* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
   of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
   32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
   cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
			size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
   which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));


# ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
   These functions all use the following data structure to contain
   state, rather than global state variables.  */

struct random_data
  {
    int32_t *fptr;		/* Front pointer.  */
    int32_t *rptr;		/* Rear pointer.  */
    int32_t *state;		/* Array of state values.  */
    int rand_type;		/* Type of random number generator.  */
    int rand_deg;		/* Degree of random number generator.  */
    int rand_sep;		/* Distance between front and rear.  */
    int32_t *end_ptr;		/* Pointer behind state table.  */
  };

extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
		     int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
			size_t __statelen,
			struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));

extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
		       struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# endif	/* Use misc.  */
#endif	/* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
extern int rand (void) __THROW;
/* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
#endif


#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */

/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Seed random number generator.  */
extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

# ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
   type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
   have to allocate objects of this type.  */
struct drand48_data
  {
    unsigned short int __x[3];	/* Current state.  */
    unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
    unsigned short int __c;	/* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
    unsigned short int __init;	/* Flag for initializing.  */
    unsigned long long int __a;	/* Factor in congruential formula.  */
  };

/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Seed random number generator.  */
extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
		     struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
		      struct drand48_data *__buffer)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# endif	/* Use misc.  */
#endif	/* Use SVID or X/Open.  */

#endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */

#ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
# define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
/* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#endif

#ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
   in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
   the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
   between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
/* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef	__USE_MISC
/* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.	(Sun Unices).  */
extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
#endif /* Use misc.  */

#if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
# include <alloca.h>
#endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */

#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));


/* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef	__USE_MISC
/* Register a function to be called with the status
   given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
   in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
   perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
   functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

/* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
   programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.	*/
/* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
   If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
   If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
#endif

#ifdef	__USE_MISC
/* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
   never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
   for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
#endif


#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
   Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
   Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
   or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.

   This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
   marked with __THROW.  */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# else
#  ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  else
#   define mkstemp mkstemp64
#  endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# endif
#endif

#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
   Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
   The directory is created mode 700.  */
extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Execute the given line as a shell command.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern int system (__const char *__command) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD


#ifdef	__USE_GNU
/* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
   existing named file.  */
extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
   null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
   PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
   ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
   returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
		       char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
#endif


/* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
#ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
# define __COMPAR_FN_T
typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);

# ifdef	__USE_GNU
typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
# endif
#endif

__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
   of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
		      size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
     __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;

/* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
   using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
		   __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));


/* Return the absolute value of X.  */
extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
#endif


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
   of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
/* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
__extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
				    long long int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif


#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
   valid only until another call to the same function.  */

/* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
   this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
   with the sign of the number.  */
extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;

/* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
   with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
   the number.  */
extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;

/* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
   Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
   be written to BUF.  */
extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;


# ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Long double versions of above functions.  */
extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;


/* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
   buffers.  */
extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
		   size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
		   size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));

extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
		    char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
		    char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
# endif	/* misc */
#endif	/* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */


__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Return the length of the multibyte character
   in S, which is no longer than N.  */
extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
/* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
   putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
		   __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW __wur;
/* Put the multibyte character represented
   by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW __wur;


/* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
			__const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
/* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
			__const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
     __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD


#ifdef __USE_SVID
/* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
   or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
   in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
   negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif


#ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
   strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
   optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
   not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
   suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
   token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
		      char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
		      char **__restrict __valuep)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
#endif


#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif


/* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
   perform an operation on the associated slave:  */

/* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;

/* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
   Call after grantpt().  */
extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;

/* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
   the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
   The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
   terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
   Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
extern int getpt (void);
#endif

#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
   NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
   three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif


/* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && !defined __cplusplus
# include <bits/stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
# include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
#endif

#endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
#undef __need_malloc_and_calloc

__END_DECLS

#endif /* stdlib.h  */