glibc/sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96/e_jnl.c

/*
 * ====================================================
 * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
 * is preserved.
 * ====================================================
 */

/* Modifications for long double are
  Copyright (C) 2001 Stephen L. Moshier <moshier@na-net.ornl.gov>
  and are incorporated herein by permission of the author.  The author
  reserves the right to distribute this material elsewhere under different
  copying permissions.  These modifications are distributed here under
  the following terms:

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    Lesser General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with this library; if not, see
    <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/*
 * __ieee754_jn(n, x), __ieee754_yn(n, x)
 * floating point Bessel's function of the 1st and 2nd kind
 * of order n
 *
 * Special cases:
 *	y0(0)=y1(0)=yn(n,0) = -inf with overflow signal;
 *	y0(-ve)=y1(-ve)=yn(n,-ve) are NaN with invalid signal.
 * Note 2. About jn(n,x), yn(n,x)
 *	For n=0, j0(x) is called,
 *	for n=1, j1(x) is called,
 *	for n<x, forward recursion us used starting
 *	from values of j0(x) and j1(x).
 *	for n>x, a continued fraction approximation to
 *	j(n,x)/j(n-1,x) is evaluated and then backward
 *	recursion is used starting from a supposed value
 *	for j(n,x). The resulting value of j(0,x) is
 *	compared with the actual value to correct the
 *	supposed value of j(n,x).
 *
 *	yn(n,x) is similar in all respects, except
 *	that forward recursion is used for all
 *	values of n>1.
 *
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <math_private.h>
#include <fenv_private.h>
#include <math-underflow.h>

static const long double
  invsqrtpi = 5.64189583547756286948079e-1L, two = 2.0e0L, one = 1.0e0L;

static const long double zero = 0.0L;

long double
__ieee754_jnl (int n, long double x)
{
  uint32_t se, i0, i1;
  int32_t i, ix, sgn;
  long double a, b, temp, di, ret;
  long double z, w;

  /* J(-n,x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x), J(n, -x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x)
   * Thus, J(-n,x) = J(n,-x)
   */

  GET_LDOUBLE_WORDS (se, i0, i1, x);
  ix = se & 0x7fff;

  /* if J(n,NaN) is NaN */
  if (__glibc_unlikely ((ix == 0x7fff) && ((i0 & 0x7fffffff) != 0)))
    return x + x;
  if (n < 0)
    {
      n = -n;
      x = -x;
      se ^= 0x8000;
    }
  if (n == 0)
    return (__ieee754_j0l (x));
  if (n == 1)
    return (__ieee754_j1l (x));
  sgn = (n & 1) & (se >> 15);	/* even n -- 0, odd n -- sign(x) */
  x = fabsl (x);
  {
    SET_RESTORE_ROUNDL (FE_TONEAREST);
    if (__glibc_unlikely ((ix | i0 | i1) == 0 || ix >= 0x7fff))
      /* if x is 0 or inf */
      return sgn == 1 ? -zero : zero;
    else if ((long double) n <= x)
      {
	/* Safe to use J(n+1,x)=2n/x *J(n,x)-J(n-1,x) */
	if (ix >= 0x412D)
	  {			/* x > 2**302 */

	    /* ??? This might be a futile gesture.
	       If x exceeds X_TLOSS anyway, the wrapper function
	       will set the result to zero. */

	    /* (x >> n**2)
	     *      Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
	     *      Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
	     *      Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
	     *          xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
	     *
	     *             n    sin(xn)*sqt2    cos(xn)*sqt2
	     *          ----------------------------------
	     *             0     s-c             c+s
	     *             1    -s-c            -c+s
	     *             2    -s+c            -c-s
	     *             3     s+c             c-s
	     */
	    long double s;
	    long double c;
	    __sincosl (x, &s, &c);
	    switch (n & 3)
	      {
	      case 0:
		temp = c + s;
		break;
	      case 1:
		temp = -c + s;
		break;
	      case 2:
		temp = -c - s;
		break;
	      case 3:
		temp = c - s;
		break;
	      }
	    b = invsqrtpi * temp / sqrtl (x);
	  }
	else
	  {
	    a = __ieee754_j0l (x);
	    b = __ieee754_j1l (x);
	    for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
	      {
		temp = b;
		b = b * ((long double) (i + i) / x) - a;	/* avoid underflow */
		a = temp;
	      }
	  }
      }
    else
      {
	if (ix < 0x3fde)
	  {			/* x < 2**-33 */
	    /* x is tiny, return the first Taylor expansion of J(n,x)
	     * J(n,x) = 1/n!*(x/2)^n  - ...
	     */
	    if (n >= 400)		/* underflow, result < 10^-4952 */
	      b = zero;
	    else
	      {
		temp = x * 0.5;
		b = temp;
		for (a = one, i = 2; i <= n; i++)
		  {
		    a *= (long double) i;	/* a = n! */
		    b *= temp;	/* b = (x/2)^n */
		  }
		b = b / a;
	      }
	  }
	else
	  {
	    /* use backward recurrence */
	    /*                      x      x^2      x^2
	     *  J(n,x)/J(n-1,x) =  ----   ------   ------   .....
	     *                      2n  - 2(n+1) - 2(n+2)
	     *
	     *                      1      1        1
	     *  (for large x)   =  ----  ------   ------   .....
	     *                      2n   2(n+1)   2(n+2)
	     *                      -- - ------ - ------ -
	     *                       x     x         x
	     *
	     * Let w = 2n/x and h=2/x, then the above quotient
	     * is equal to the continued fraction:
	     *                  1
	     *      = -----------------------
	     *                     1
	     *         w - -----------------
	     *                        1
	     *              w+h - ---------
	     *                     w+2h - ...
	     *
	     * To determine how many terms needed, let
	     * Q(0) = w, Q(1) = w(w+h) - 1,
	     * Q(k) = (w+k*h)*Q(k-1) - Q(k-2),
	     * When Q(k) > 1e4      good for single
	     * When Q(k) > 1e9      good for double
	     * When Q(k) > 1e17     good for quadruple
	     */
	    /* determine k */
	    long double t, v;
	    long double q0, q1, h, tmp;
	    int32_t k, m;
	    w = (n + n) / (long double) x;
	    h = 2.0L / (long double) x;
	    q0 = w;
	    z = w + h;
	    q1 = w * z - 1.0L;
	    k = 1;
	    while (q1 < 1.0e11L)
	      {
		k += 1;
		z += h;
		tmp = z * q1 - q0;
		q0 = q1;
		q1 = tmp;
	      }
	    m = n + n;
	    for (t = zero, i = 2 * (n + k); i >= m; i -= 2)
	      t = one / (i / x - t);
	    a = t;
	    b = one;
	    /*  estimate log((2/x)^n*n!) = n*log(2/x)+n*ln(n)
	     *  Hence, if n*(log(2n/x)) > ...
	     *  single 8.8722839355e+01
	     *  double 7.09782712893383973096e+02
	     *  long double 1.1356523406294143949491931077970765006170e+04
	     *  then recurrent value may overflow and the result is
	     *  likely underflow to zero
	     */
	    tmp = n;
	    v = two / x;
	    tmp = tmp * __ieee754_logl (fabsl (v * tmp));

	    if (tmp < 1.1356523406294143949491931077970765006170e+04L)
	      {
		for (i = n - 1, di = (long double) (i + i); i > 0; i--)
		  {
		    temp = b;
		    b *= di;
		    b = b / x - a;
		    a = temp;
		    di -= two;
		  }
	      }
	    else
	      {
		for (i = n - 1, di = (long double) (i + i); i > 0; i--)
		  {
		    temp = b;
		    b *= di;
		    b = b / x - a;
		    a = temp;
		    di -= two;
		    /* scale b to avoid spurious overflow */
		    if (b > 1e100L)
		      {
			a /= b;
			t /= b;
			b = one;
		      }
		  }
	      }
	    /* j0() and j1() suffer enormous loss of precision at and
	     * near zero; however, we know that their zero points never
	     * coincide, so just choose the one further away from zero.
	     */
	    z = __ieee754_j0l (x);
	    w = __ieee754_j1l (x);
	    if (fabsl (z) >= fabsl (w))
	      b = (t * z / b);
	    else
	      b = (t * w / a);
	  }
      }
    if (sgn == 1)
      ret = -b;
    else
      ret = b;
  }
  if (ret == 0)
    {
      ret = copysignl (LDBL_MIN, ret) * LDBL_MIN;
      __set_errno (ERANGE);
    }
  else
    math_check_force_underflow (ret);
  return ret;
}
strong_alias (__ieee754_jnl, __jnl_finite)

long double
__ieee754_ynl (int n, long double x)
{
  uint32_t se, i0, i1;
  int32_t i, ix;
  int32_t sign;
  long double a, b, temp, ret;


  GET_LDOUBLE_WORDS (se, i0, i1, x);
  ix = se & 0x7fff;
  /* if Y(n,NaN) is NaN */
  if (__builtin_expect ((ix == 0x7fff) && ((i0 & 0x7fffffff) != 0), 0))
    return x + x;
  if (__builtin_expect ((ix | i0 | i1) == 0, 0))
    /* -inf or inf and divide-by-zero exception.  */
    return ((n < 0 && (n & 1) != 0) ? 1.0L : -1.0L) / 0.0L;
  if (__builtin_expect (se & 0x8000, 0))
    return zero / (zero * x);
  sign = 1;
  if (n < 0)
    {
      n = -n;
      sign = 1 - ((n & 1) << 1);
    }
  if (n == 0)
    return (__ieee754_y0l (x));
  {
    SET_RESTORE_ROUNDL (FE_TONEAREST);
    if (n == 1)
      {
	ret = sign * __ieee754_y1l (x);
	goto out;
      }
    if (__glibc_unlikely (ix == 0x7fff))
      return zero;
    if (ix >= 0x412D)
      {				/* x > 2**302 */

	/* ??? See comment above on the possible futility of this.  */

	/* (x >> n**2)
	 *      Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
	 *      Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
	 *      Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
	 *          xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
	 *
	 *             n    sin(xn)*sqt2    cos(xn)*sqt2
	 *          ----------------------------------
	 *             0     s-c             c+s
	 *             1    -s-c            -c+s
	 *             2    -s+c            -c-s
	 *             3     s+c             c-s
	 */
	long double s;
	long double c;
	__sincosl (x, &s, &c);
	switch (n & 3)
	  {
	  case 0:
	    temp = s - c;
	    break;
	  case 1:
	    temp = -s - c;
	    break;
	  case 2:
	    temp = -s + c;
	    break;
	  case 3:
	    temp = s + c;
	    break;
	  }
	b = invsqrtpi * temp / sqrtl (x);
      }
    else
      {
	a = __ieee754_y0l (x);
	b = __ieee754_y1l (x);
	/* quit if b is -inf */
	GET_LDOUBLE_WORDS (se, i0, i1, b);
	/* Use 0xffffffff since GET_LDOUBLE_WORDS sign-extends SE.  */
	for (i = 1; i < n && se != 0xffffffff; i++)
	  {
	    temp = b;
	    b = ((long double) (i + i) / x) * b - a;
	    GET_LDOUBLE_WORDS (se, i0, i1, b);
	    a = temp;
	  }
      }
    /* If B is +-Inf, set up errno accordingly.  */
    if (! isfinite (b))
      __set_errno (ERANGE);
    if (sign > 0)
      ret = b;
    else
      ret = -b;
  }
 out:
  if (isinf (ret))
    ret = copysignl (LDBL_MAX, ret) * LDBL_MAX;
  return ret;
}
strong_alias (__ieee754_ynl, __ynl_finite)