Also see the Khronos landing page for glslang as a reference front end:

https://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/tools/Reference-Compiler/

The above page includes where to get binaries, and is kept up to date regarding the feature level of glslang.

glslang

An OpenGL and OpenGL ES shader front end and validator.

There are several components:

1. A GLSL/ESSL front-end for reference validation and translation of GLSL/ESSL into an AST.

2. An HLSL front-end for translation of a broad generic HLL into the AST. See issue 362 and issue 701 for current status.

3. A SPIR-V back end for translating the AST to SPIR-V.

4. A standalone wrapper, glslangValidator, that can be used as a command-line tool for the above.

How to add a feature protected by a version/extension/stage/profile: See the comment in glslang/MachineIndependent/Versions.cpp.

Tasks waiting to be done are documented as GitHub issues.

Execution of Standalone Wrapper

To use the standalone binary form, execute glslangValidator, and it will print a usage statement. Basic operation is to give it a file containing a shader, and it will print out warnings/errors and optionally an AST.

The applied stage-specific rules are based on the file extension:

• .vert for a vertex shader
• .tesc for a tessellation control shader
• .tese for a tessellation evaluation shader
• .geom for a geometry shader
• .frag for a fragment shader
• .comp for a compute shader

There is also a non-shader extension

• .conf for a configuration file of limits, see usage statement for example

Building

Instead of building manually, you can also download the binaries for your platform directly from the master-tot release on GitHub. Those binaries are automatically uploaded by the buildbots after successful testing and they always reflect the current top of the tree of the master branch.

Dependencies

• A C++11 compiler. (For MSVS: 2015 is recommended, 2013 is fully supported/tested, and 2010 support is attempted, but not tested.)
• CMake: for generating compilation targets.
• make: Linux, ninja is an alternative, if configured.
• Python 3.x: for executing SPIRV-Tools scripts. (Optional if not using SPIRV-Tools and the 'External' subdirectory does not exist.)
• bison: optional, but needed when changing the grammar (glslang.y).
• googletest: optional, but should use if making any changes to glslang.

Build steps

The following steps assume a Bash shell. On Windows, that could be the Git Bash shell or some other shell of your choosing.

1) Check-Out this project

cd <parent of where you want glslang to be>
git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang.git

2) Check-Out External Projects

cd <the directory glslang was cloned to, "External" will be a subdirectory>
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git External/googletest

If you want to use googletest with Visual Studio 2013, you also need to check out an older version:

# to use googletest with Visual Studio 2013
cd External/googletest
git checkout 440527a61e1c91188195f7de212c63c77e8f0a45
cd ../..

If you wish to assure that SPIR-V generated from HLSL is legal for Vulkan, or wish to invoke -Os to reduce SPIR-V size from HLSL or GLSL, install spirv-tools with this:

./update_glslang_sources.py

3) Configure

Assume the source directory is $SOURCE_DIR and the build directory is $BUILD_DIR. First ensure the build directory exists, then navigate to it:

mkdir -p $BUILD_DIR
cd $BUILD_DIR

For building on Linux:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$(pwd)/install" $SOURCE_DIR
# "Release" (for CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) could also be "Debug" or "RelWithDebInfo"

For building on Windows:

cmake $SOURCE_DIR -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$(pwd)/install"
# The CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX part is for testing (explained later).

The CMake GUI also works for Windows (version 3.4.1 tested).

Also, consider using git config --global core.fileMode false (or with --local) on Windows to prevent the addition of execution permission on files.

4) Build and Install

# for Linux:
make -j4 install

# for Windows:
cmake --build . --config Release --target install
# "Release" (for --config) could also be "Debug", "MinSizeRel", or "RelWithDebInfo"

If using MSVC, after running CMake to configure, use the Configuration Manager to check the INSTALL project.

If you need to change the GLSL grammar

The grammar in glslang/MachineIndependent/glslang.y has to be recompiled with bison if it changes, the output files are committed to the repo to avoid every developer needing to have bison configured to compile the project when grammar changes are quite infrequent. For windows you can get binaries from GnuWin32.

The command to rebuild is:

m4 -P MachineIndependent/glslang.m4 > MachineIndependent/glslang.y
bison --defines=MachineIndependent/glslang_tab.cpp.h
      -t MachineIndependent/glslang.y
      -o MachineIndependent/glslang_tab.cpp

The above commands are also available in the bash script in updateGrammar, when executed from the glslang subdirectory of the glslang repository. With no arguments it builds the full grammar, and with a "web" argument, the web grammar subset (see more about the web subset in the next section).

WASM for the the Web

Use the steps in Build Steps, which following notes/exceptions:

• For building the web subset of core glslang:
  • m4 also needs a -DGLSLANG_WEB argument, or simply execute updateGrammar web from the glslang subdirectory
  • turn off the CMAKE options for BUILD_TESTING, ENABLE_OPT, and INSTALL_GTEST, while turning on ENABLE_GLSLANG_WEB
• emsdk needs to be present in your executable search path, PATH for Bash-like enivironments
  • Instructions located here
• Do not checkout SPIRV-Tools into External
  • Does not work correctly with emscripten out of the box and we don't want it in the build anyway. TBD Have build ignore SPIRV-Tools for web build
• Wrap call to cmake using emconfigure with ENABLE_GLSLANG_WEB=ON:
  • e.g. For Linux, emconfigure cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_GLSLANG_WEB=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$(pwd)/install" ..
• To get a 'true' minimized build, make sure to use brotli to compress the .js and .wasm files

Testing

Right now, there are two test harnesses existing in glslang: one is Google Test, one is the runtests script. The former runs unit tests and single-shader single-threaded integration tests, while the latter runs multiple-shader linking tests and multi-threaded tests.

Running tests

The runtests script requires compiled binaries to be installed into $BUILD_DIR/install. Please make sure you have supplied the correct configuration to CMake (using -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX) when building; otherwise, you may want to modify the path in the runtests script.

Running Google Test-backed tests:

cd $BUILD_DIR

# for Linux:
ctest

# for Windows:
ctest -C {Debug|Release|RelWithDebInfo|MinSizeRel}

# or, run the test binary directly
# (which gives more fine-grained control like filtering):
<dir-to-glslangtests-in-build-dir>/glslangtests

Running runtests script-backed tests:

cd $SOURCE_DIR/Test && ./runtests

Contributing tests

Test results should always be included with a pull request that modifies functionality.

If you are writing unit tests, please use the Google Test framework and place the tests under the gtests/ directory.

Integration tests are placed in the Test/ directory. It contains test input and a subdirectory baseResults/ that contains the expected results of the tests. Both the tests and baseResults/ are under source-code control.

Google Test runs those integration tests by reading the test input, compiling them, and then compare against the expected results in baseResults/. The integration tests to run via Google Test is registered in various gtests/*.FromFile.cpp source files. glslangtests provides a command-line option --update-mode, which, if supplied, will overwrite the golden files under the baseResults/ directory with real output from that invocation. For more information, please check gtests/ directory's README.

For the runtests script, it will generate current results in the localResults/ directory and diff them against the baseResults/. When you want to update the tracked test results, they need to be copied from localResults/ to baseResults/. This can be done by the bump shell script.

You can add your own private list of tests, not tracked publicly, by using localtestlist to list non-tracked tests. This is automatically read by runtests and included in the diff and bump process.

Programmatic Interfaces

Another piece of software can programmatically translate shaders to an AST using one of two different interfaces:

• A new C++ class-oriented interface, or
• The original C functional interface

The main() in StandAlone/StandAlone.cpp shows examples using both styles.

C++ Class Interface (new, preferred)

This interface is in roughly the last 1/3 of ShaderLang.h. It is in the glslang namespace and contains the following, here with suggested calls for generating SPIR-V:

const char* GetEsslVersionString();
const char* GetGlslVersionString();
bool InitializeProcess();
void FinalizeProcess();

class TShader
    setStrings(...);
    setEnvInput(EShSourceHlsl or EShSourceGlsl, stage,  EShClientVulkan or EShClientOpenGL, 100);
    setEnvClient(EShClientVulkan or EShClientOpenGL, EShTargetVulkan_1_0 or EShTargetVulkan_1_1 or EShTargetOpenGL_450);
    setEnvTarget(EShTargetSpv, EShTargetSpv_1_0 or EShTargetSpv_1_3);
    bool parse(...);
    const char* getInfoLog();

class TProgram
    void addShader(...);
    bool link(...);
    const char* getInfoLog();
    Reflection queries

For just validating (not generating code), subsitute these calls:

    setEnvInput(EShSourceHlsl or EShSourceGlsl, stage,  EShClientNone, 0);
    setEnvClient(EShClientNone, 0);
    setEnvTarget(EShTargetNone, 0);

See ShaderLang.h and the usage of it in StandAlone/StandAlone.cpp for more details. There is a block comment giving more detail above the calls for setEnvInput, setEnvClient, and setEnvTarget.

C Functional Interface (orignal)

This interface is in roughly the first 2/3 of ShaderLang.h, and referred to as the Sh*() interface, as all the entry points start Sh.

The Sh*() interface takes a "compiler" call-back object, which it calls after building call back that is passed the AST and can then execute a backend on it.

The following is a simplified resulting run-time call stack:

ShCompile(shader, compiler) -> compiler(AST) -> <back end>

In practice, ShCompile() takes shader strings, default version, and warning/error and other options for controlling compilation.

Basic Internal Operation

• Initial lexical analysis is done by the preprocessor in MachineIndependent/Preprocessor, and then refined by a GLSL scanner in MachineIndependent/Scan.cpp. There is currently no use of flex.

• Code is parsed using bison on MachineIndependent/glslang.y with the aid of a symbol table and an AST. The symbol table is not passed on to the back-end; the intermediate representation stands on its own. The tree is built by the grammar productions, many of which are offloaded into ParseHelper.cpp, and by Intermediate.cpp.

• The intermediate representation is very high-level, and represented as an in-memory tree. This serves to lose no information from the original program, and to have efficient transfer of the result from parsing to the back-end. In the AST, constants are propogated and folded, and a very small amount of dead code is eliminated.

  To aid linking and reflection, the last top-level branch in the AST lists all global symbols.

• The primary algorithm of the back-end compiler is to traverse the tree (high-level intermediate representation), and create an internal object code representation. There is an example of how to do this in MachineIndependent/intermOut.cpp.

• Reduction of the tree to a linear byte-code style low-level intermediate representation is likely a good way to generate fully optimized code.

• There is currently some dead old-style linker-type code still lying around.

• Memory pool: parsing uses types derived from C++ std types, using a custom allocator that puts them in a memory pool. This makes allocation of individual container/contents just few cycles and deallocation free. This pool is popped after the AST is made and processed.

  The use is simple: if you are going to call new, there are three cases:

  • the object comes from the pool (its base class has the macro POOL_ALLOCATOR_NEW_DELETE in it) and you do not have to call delete

  • it is a TString, in which case call NewPoolTString(), which gets it from the pool, and there is no corresponding delete

  • the object does not come from the pool, and you have to do normal C++ memory management of what you new