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a458dd72e5
Fri Jan 11 17:53:58 2002 Owen Taylor <otaylor@redhat.com>
* pixops/pixops.c (pixops_scale_nearest): Remove meaningless
FIXME.
* pixops/pixops.c (pixops_process): Comment the computation
of run_end_index and fix some edge cases.
* pixops/{scale_line_22_33_mmx.S, composite_line_22_4a4_mmx.S:
composite_line_color_22_4a4_mmx.S}: Handle the case where
dest <= dest_end properly. (#52001)
164 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
164 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
The code in this directory implements optimized, filtered scaling
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for pixmap data.
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This code is copyright Red Hat, Inc, 2000 and licensed under the terms
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of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
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(If you want to use it in a project where that license is not
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appropriate, please contact me, and most likely something can be
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worked out.)
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Owen Taylor <otaylor@redhat.com>
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PRINCIPLES
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==========
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The general principle of this code is that it first computes a filter
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matrix for the given filtering mode, and then calls a general driver
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routine, passing in functions to composite pixels and lines.
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(The pixel functions are used for handling edge cases, and the line
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functions are simply used for the middle parts of the image.)
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The system is designed so that the line functions can be simple,
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don't have to worry about special cases, can be selected to
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be specific to the particular formats involved. This allows them
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to be hyper-optimized. Since most of the compution time is
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spent in these functions, this results in an overall fast design.
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MMX assembly code for Intel (and compatible) processors is included
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for a number of the most common special cases:
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scaling from RGB to RGB
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compositing from RGBA to RGBx
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compositing against a color from RGBA and storing in a RGBx buffer
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Alpha compositing 8 bit RGBAa onto RGB is defined in terms of
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rounding the exact result (real values in [0,1]):
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cc = ca * aa + (1 - aa) * Cb
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Cc = ROUND [255. * (Ca/255. * Aa/255. + (1 - Aa/255.) * Cb/255.)]
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ROUND(i / 255.) can be computed exactly for i in [0,255*255] as:
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t = i + 0x80; result = (t + (t >> 8)) >> 8; [ call this as To8(i) ]
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So,
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t = Ca * Aa + (255 - Aa) * Cb + 0x80;
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Cc = (t + (t >> 8)) >> 8;
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Alpha compositing 8 bit RaGaBaAa onto RbGbBbAa is a little harder, for
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non-premultiplied alpha. The premultiplied result is simple:
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ac = aa + (1 - aa) * ab
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cc = ca + (1 - aa) * cb
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Which can be computed in integers terms as:
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Cc = Ca + To8 ((255 - Aa) * Cb)
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Ac = Aa + To8 ((255 - Aa) * Ab)
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For non-premultiplied alpha, we need divide the color components by
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the alpha:
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+- (ca * aa + (1 - aa) * ab * cb)) / ac; aa != 0
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cc = |
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+- cb; aa == 0
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To calculate this as in integer, we note the alternate form:
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cc = cb + aa * (ca - cb) / ac
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[ 'cc = ca + (ac - aa) * (cb - ca) / ac' can also be useful numerically,
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but isn't important here ]
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We can express this as integers as:
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Ac_tmp = Aa * 255 + (255 - Aa) * Ab;
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+- Cb + (255 * Aa * (Ca - Cb) + Ac_tmp / 2) / Ac_tmp ; Ca > Cb
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Cc = |
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+- Cb - (255 * Aa * (Cb - Ca) + Ac_tmp / 2) / Ac_tmp ; ca <= Cb
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Or, playing bit tricks to avoid the conditional
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Cc = Cb + (255 * Aa * (Ca - Cb) + (((Ca - Cb) >> 8) ^ (Ac_tmp / 2)) ) / Ac_tmp
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TODO
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====
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* ART_FILTER_HYPER is not correctly implemented. It is currently
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implemented as a filter that is derived by doing linear interpolation
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on the source image and then averaging that with a box filter.
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It should be defined as followed (see art_filterlevel.h)
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"HYPER is the highest quality reconstruction function. It is derived
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from the hyperbolic filters in Wolberg's "Digital Image Warping,"
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and is formally defined as the hyperbolic-filter sampling the ideal
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hyperbolic-filter interpolated image (the filter is designed to be
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idempotent for 1:1 pixel mapping). It is the slowest and highest
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quality."
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The current HYPER is probably as slow, but lower quality. Also, there
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are some subtle errors in the calculation current HYPER that show up as dark
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stripes if you scale a constant-color image.
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* There are some roundoff errors in the compositing routines.
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the _nearest() variants do it right, most of the other code
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is wrong to some degree or another.
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For instance, in composite_line_22_4a4(), we have:
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dest[0] = ((0xff0000 - a) * dest[0] + r) >> 24;
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if a is 0 (implies r == 0), then we have:
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(0xff0000 * dest[0]) >> 24
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which gives results which are 1 to low:
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255 => 254, 1 => 0.
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So, this should be something like:
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((0xff0000 - a) * dest[0] + r + 0xffffff) >> 24;
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(Not checked, caveat emptor)
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An alternatve formulation of this as:
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dest[0] + (r - a * dest[0] + 0xffffff) >> 24
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may be better numerically, but would need consideration for overflow.
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* The generic functions could be sped up considerably by
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switching around conditionals and inner loops in various
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places.
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* Right now, in several of the most common cases, there are
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optimized mmx routines, but no optimized C routines.
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For instance, there is a
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pixops_composite_line_22_4a4_mmx()
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But no
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pixops_composite_line_22_4a4()
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Also, it may be desirable to include a few more special cases - in particular:
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pixops_composite_line_22_4a3()
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May be desirable.
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* Scaling down images by large scale factors is _slow_ since huge filter
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matrixes are computed. (e.g., to scale down by a factor of 100, we compute
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101x101 filter matrixes. At some point, it would be more efficent to
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switch over to subsampling when scaling down - one should never need a filter
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matrix bigger than 16x16.
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