gtk/gsk/gskglrenderer.c

#include "config.h"

#include "gskglrendererprivate.h"

#include "gskdebugprivate.h"
#include "gskenums.h"
#include "gskgldriverprivate.h"
#include "gskglprofilerprivate.h"
#include "gskprofilerprivate.h"
#include "gskrendererprivate.h"
#include "gskrendernodeprivate.h"
#include "gskshaderbuilderprivate.h"
#include "gdk/gdktextureprivate.h"

#include "gskprivate.h"

#include <epoxy/gl.h>

#define SHADER_VERSION_GLES             100
#define SHADER_VERSION_GL2_LEGACY       110
#define SHADER_VERSION_GL3_LEGACY       130
#define SHADER_VERSION_GL3              150

typedef struct {
  int id;
  /* Common locations (gl_common)*/
  int mvp_location;
  int source_location;
  int mask_location;
  int uv_location;
  int position_location;
  int alpha_location;
  int blendMode_location;

  /* Shader-specific locations */
  union {
    struct {
      int color_location;
    };
  };
} Program;

typedef struct {
  int render_target_id;
  int vao_id;
  int buffer_id;
  int texture_id;
  int program_id;

  Program *program;
} RenderData;

enum {
  MODE_COLOR = 1,
  MODE_TEXTURE,
  N_MODES
};

typedef struct {
  int mode;
  /* Back pointer to the node, only meant for comparison */
  GskRenderNode *node;

  graphene_point3d_t min;
  graphene_point3d_t max;

  graphene_size_t size;

  graphene_matrix_t mvp;

  float opacity;
  float z;

  union {
    struct {
      GdkRGBA color;
    } color_data;
    struct {
      int a,b;
    } texture_data;
  };

  const char *name;

  GskBlendMode blend_mode;

  RenderData render_data;
  RenderData *parent_data;

  GArray *children;
} RenderItem;



enum {
  MVP,
  SOURCE,
  MASK,
  ALPHA,
  BLEND_MODE,
  N_UNIFORMS
};

enum {
  POSITION,
  UV,
  N_ATTRIBUTES
};

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
typedef struct {
  GQuark frames;
  GQuark draw_calls;
} ProfileCounters;

typedef struct {
  GQuark cpu_time;
  GQuark gpu_time;
} ProfileTimers;
#endif

typedef enum {
  RENDER_FULL,
  RENDER_SCISSOR
} RenderMode;

#define NUM_PROGRAMS 3

struct _GskGLRenderer
{
  GskRenderer parent_instance;

  graphene_matrix_t mvp;
  graphene_frustum_t frustum;

  guint frame_buffer;
  guint depth_stencil_buffer;
  guint texture_id;

  GQuark uniforms[N_UNIFORMS];
  GQuark attributes[N_ATTRIBUTES];

  GdkGLContext *gl_context;
  GskGLDriver *gl_driver;
  GskGLProfiler *gl_profiler;
  GskShaderBuilder *shader_builder;

  union {
    struct {
      Program blend_program;
      Program blit_program;
      Program color_program;
    };
    struct {
      Program programs[NUM_PROGRAMS];
    };
  };

  GArray *render_items;

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  ProfileCounters profile_counters;
  ProfileTimers profile_timers;
#endif

  RenderMode render_mode;

  gboolean has_buffers : 1;
};

struct _GskGLRendererClass
{
  GskRendererClass parent_class;
};

G_DEFINE_TYPE (GskGLRenderer, gsk_gl_renderer, GSK_TYPE_RENDERER)

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_dispose (GObject *gobject)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (gobject);

  g_clear_pointer (&self->render_items, g_array_unref);

  G_OBJECT_CLASS (gsk_gl_renderer_parent_class)->dispose (gobject);
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_create_buffers (GskGLRenderer *self,
                                int            width,
                                int            height,
                                int            scale_factor)
{
  if (self->has_buffers)
    return;

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Creating buffers (w:%d, h:%d, scale:%d)\n", width, height, scale_factor));

  if (self->texture_id == 0)
    {
      self->texture_id = gsk_gl_driver_create_texture (self->gl_driver,
                                                       width * scale_factor,
                                                       height * scale_factor);
      gsk_gl_driver_bind_source_texture (self->gl_driver, self->texture_id);
      gsk_gl_driver_init_texture_empty (self->gl_driver, self->texture_id);
    }

  gsk_gl_driver_create_render_target (self->gl_driver, self->texture_id, TRUE, TRUE);

  self->has_buffers = TRUE;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_destroy_buffers (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    return;

  if (!self->has_buffers)
    return;

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Destroying buffers\n"));

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  if (self->texture_id != 0)
    {
      gsk_gl_driver_destroy_texture (self->gl_driver, self->texture_id);
      self->texture_id = 0;
    }

  self->has_buffers = FALSE;
}

static void
init_common_locations (GskGLRenderer *self,
                       Program       *prog)
{
  prog->source_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->uniforms[SOURCE]);
  prog->mask_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->uniforms[MASK]);
  prog->mvp_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->uniforms[MVP]);
  prog->alpha_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->uniforms[ALPHA]);
  prog->blendMode_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->uniforms[BLEND_MODE]);

  prog->position_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_attribute_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->attributes[POSITION]);
  prog->uv_location =
    gsk_shader_builder_get_attribute_location (self->shader_builder, prog->id, self->attributes[UV]);
}

static gboolean
gsk_gl_renderer_create_programs (GskGLRenderer  *self,
                                 GError        **error)
{
  GskShaderBuilder *builder;
  GError *shader_error = NULL;
  gboolean res = FALSE;

  builder = gsk_shader_builder_new ();

  gsk_shader_builder_set_resource_base_path (builder, "/org/gtk/libgsk/glsl");

  self->uniforms[MVP] = gsk_shader_builder_add_uniform (builder, "uMVP");
  self->uniforms[SOURCE] = gsk_shader_builder_add_uniform (builder, "uSource");
  self->uniforms[MASK] = gsk_shader_builder_add_uniform (builder, "uMask");
  self->uniforms[ALPHA] = gsk_shader_builder_add_uniform (builder, "uAlpha");
  self->uniforms[BLEND_MODE] = gsk_shader_builder_add_uniform (builder, "uBlendMode");
  
  self->attributes[POSITION] = gsk_shader_builder_add_attribute (builder, "aPosition");
  self->attributes[UV] = gsk_shader_builder_add_attribute (builder, "aUv");

  if (gdk_gl_context_get_use_es (self->gl_context))
    {
      gsk_shader_builder_set_version (builder, SHADER_VERSION_GLES);
      gsk_shader_builder_set_vertex_preamble (builder, "es2_common.vs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_set_fragment_preamble (builder, "es2_common.fs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_add_define (builder, "GSK_GLES", "1");
    }
  else if (gdk_gl_context_is_legacy (self->gl_context))
    {
      int maj, min;
      gdk_gl_context_get_version (self->gl_context, &maj, &min);

      if (maj == 3)
        gsk_shader_builder_set_version (builder, SHADER_VERSION_GL3_LEGACY);
      else
        gsk_shader_builder_set_version (builder, SHADER_VERSION_GL2_LEGACY);

      gsk_shader_builder_set_vertex_preamble (builder, "gl_common.vs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_set_fragment_preamble (builder, "gl_common.fs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_add_define (builder, "GSK_LEGACY", "1");
    }
  else
    {
      gsk_shader_builder_set_version (builder, SHADER_VERSION_GL3);
      gsk_shader_builder_set_vertex_preamble (builder, "gl3_common.vs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_set_fragment_preamble (builder, "gl3_common.fs.glsl");
      gsk_shader_builder_add_define (builder, "GSK_GL3", "1");
    }

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  if (GSK_RENDER_MODE_CHECK (SHADERS))
    gsk_shader_builder_add_define (builder, "GSK_DEBUG", "1");
#endif
  /* Keep a pointer to query for the uniform and attribute locations
   * when rendering the scene
   */
  self->shader_builder = builder;

  self->blend_program.id = 
    gsk_shader_builder_create_program (builder, "blend.vs.glsl", "blend.fs.glsl", &shader_error);
  if (shader_error != NULL)
    {
      g_propagate_prefixed_error (error,
                                  shader_error,
                                  "Unable to create 'blend' program: ");
      g_object_unref (builder);
      goto out;
    }
  init_common_locations (self, &self->blend_program);

  self->blit_program.id =
    gsk_shader_builder_create_program (builder, "blit.vs.glsl", "blit.fs.glsl", &shader_error);
  if (shader_error != NULL)
    {
      g_propagate_prefixed_error (error,
                                  shader_error,
                                  "Unable to create 'blit' program: ");
      g_object_unref (builder);
      goto out;
    }
  init_common_locations (self, &self->blit_program);

  self->color_program.id =
    gsk_shader_builder_create_program (builder, "color.vs.glsl", "color.fs.glsl", &shader_error);
  if (shader_error != NULL)
    {
      g_propagate_prefixed_error (error,
                                  shader_error,
                                  "Unable to create 'color' program: ");
      g_object_unref (builder);
      goto out;
    }
  init_common_locations (self, &self->color_program);
  self->color_program.color_location = gsk_shader_builder_get_uniform_location (self->shader_builder,
                                                                                self->color_program.id,
                                                                                g_quark_from_string("uColor"));
  self->color_program.color_location = glGetUniformLocation(self->color_program.id, "uColor");
  g_assert(self->color_program.color_location >= 0);

  res = TRUE;

out:
  return res;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_destroy_programs (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  g_clear_object (&self->shader_builder);
}

static gboolean
gsk_gl_renderer_realize (GskRenderer  *renderer,
                         GdkWindow    *window,
                         GError      **error)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);

  /* If we didn't get a GdkGLContext before realization, try creating
   * one now, for our exclusive use.
   */
  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    {
      self->gl_context = gdk_window_create_gl_context (window, error);
      if (self->gl_context == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    }

  if (!gdk_gl_context_realize (self->gl_context, error))
    return FALSE;

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  g_assert (self->gl_driver == NULL);
  self->gl_driver = gsk_gl_driver_new (self->gl_context);
  self->gl_profiler = gsk_gl_profiler_new (self->gl_context);

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Creating buffers and programs\n"));
  if (!gsk_gl_renderer_create_programs (self, error))
    return FALSE;

  return TRUE;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_unrealize (GskRenderer *renderer)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);

  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    return;

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  /* We don't need to iterate to destroy the associated GL resources,
   * as they will be dropped when we finalize the GskGLDriver
   */
  g_array_set_size (self->render_items, 0);

  gsk_gl_renderer_destroy_buffers (self);
  gsk_gl_renderer_destroy_programs (self);

  g_clear_object (&self->gl_profiler);
  g_clear_object (&self->gl_driver);

  if (self->gl_context == gdk_gl_context_get_current ())
    gdk_gl_context_clear_current ();

  g_clear_object (&self->gl_context);
}

static GdkDrawingContext *
gsk_gl_renderer_begin_draw_frame (GskRenderer          *renderer,
                                  const cairo_region_t *update_area)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);
  cairo_region_t *damage;
  GdkDrawingContext *result;
  GdkRectangle whole_window;
  GdkWindow *window;

  window = gsk_renderer_get_window (renderer);
  whole_window = (GdkRectangle) {
                     0, 0,
                     gdk_window_get_width (window),
                     gdk_window_get_height (window) 
                 };
  damage = gdk_gl_context_get_damage (self->gl_context);
  cairo_region_union (damage, update_area);
  
  if (cairo_region_contains_rectangle (damage, &whole_window) == CAIRO_REGION_OVERLAP_IN)
    {
      self->render_mode = RENDER_FULL;
    }
  else
    {
      GdkRectangle extents;

      cairo_region_get_extents (damage, &extents);
      cairo_region_union_rectangle (damage, &extents);

      if (gdk_rectangle_equal (&extents, &whole_window))
        self->render_mode = RENDER_FULL;
      else
        self->render_mode = RENDER_SCISSOR;
    }

  result = gdk_window_begin_draw_frame (window,
                                        GDK_DRAW_CONTEXT (self->gl_context),
                                        damage);

  cairo_region_destroy (damage);

  return result;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_resize_viewport (GskGLRenderer         *self,
                                 const graphene_rect_t *viewport,
                                 int                    scale_factor)
{
  int width = viewport->size.width * scale_factor;
  int height = viewport->size.height * scale_factor;

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("glViewport(0, 0, %d, %d) [scale:%d]\n",
                             width,
                             height,
                             scale_factor));

  glViewport (0, 0, width, height);
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_update_frustum (GskGLRenderer           *self,
                                const graphene_matrix_t *modelview,
                                const graphene_matrix_t *projection)
{
  GSK_NOTE (TRANSFORMS, g_print ("Updating the modelview/projection\n"));

  graphene_matrix_multiply (modelview, projection, &self->mvp);

  graphene_frustum_init_from_matrix (&self->frustum, &self->mvp);

  GSK_NOTE (TRANSFORMS,
            g_print ("Renderer MVP:\n");
            graphene_matrix_print (&self->mvp);
            g_print ("\n"));
}

#define N_VERTICES      6

static void
render_item (GskGLRenderer *self,
             RenderItem    *item)
{
  float mvp[16];
  float opacity;

  if (item->children != NULL)
    {
      if (gsk_gl_driver_bind_render_target (self->gl_driver, item->render_data.render_target_id))
        {
          glViewport (0, 0, item->size.width, item->size.height);

          glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
          glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
        }
    }

  gsk_gl_driver_bind_vao (self->gl_driver, item->render_data.vao_id);

  glUseProgram (item->render_data.program->id);

  switch(item->mode)
    {
      case MODE_COLOR:
        {
          glUniform4f (item->render_data.program->color_location,
                       item->color_data.color.red,
                       item->color_data.color.green,
                       item->color_data.color.blue,
                       item->color_data.color.alpha);
        }
      break;

      case MODE_TEXTURE:
        {
          g_assert(item->render_data.texture_id != 0);
          /* Use texture unit 0 for the source */
          glUniform1i (item->render_data.program->source_location, 0);
          gsk_gl_driver_bind_source_texture (self->gl_driver, item->render_data.texture_id);

          if (item->parent_data != NULL)
            {
              glUniform1i (item->render_data.program->blendMode_location, item->blend_mode);

              /* Use texture unit 1 for the mask */
              if (item->parent_data->texture_id != 0)
                {
                  glUniform1i (item->render_data.program->mask_location, 1);
                  gsk_gl_driver_bind_mask_texture (self->gl_driver, item->parent_data->texture_id);
                }
            }
        }
      break;

      default:
        g_assert_not_reached ();
    }

  /* Pass the opacity component */
  if (item->children != NULL)
    opacity = 1.0;
  else
    opacity = item->opacity;

  glUniform1f (item->render_data.program->alpha_location, opacity);

  /* Pass the mvp to the vertex shader */
  GSK_NOTE (TRANSFORMS, graphene_matrix_print (&item->mvp));
  graphene_matrix_to_float (&item->mvp, mvp);
  glUniformMatrix4fv (item->render_data.program->mvp_location, 1, GL_FALSE, mvp);

  /* Draw the quad */
  GSK_NOTE2 (OPENGL, TRANSFORMS,
             g_print ("Drawing item <%s>[%p] (w:%g, h:%g) with opacity: %g blend mode: %d\n",
                      item->name,
                      item,
                      item->size.width, item->size.height,
                      item->opacity,
                      item->blend_mode));

  glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLES, 0, N_VERTICES);

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  gsk_profiler_counter_inc (gsk_renderer_get_profiler (GSK_RENDERER (self)),
                            self->profile_counters.draw_calls);
#endif

  /* Render all children items, so we can take the result
   * render target texture during the compositing
   */
  if (item->children != NULL)
    {
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < item->children->len; i++)
        {
          RenderItem *child = &g_array_index (item->children, RenderItem, i);

          render_item (self, child);
        }

      /* Bind the parent render target */
      if (item->parent_data != NULL)
        gsk_gl_driver_bind_render_target (self->gl_driver, item->parent_data->render_target_id);

      /* Bind the same VAO, as the render target is created with the same size
       * and vertices as the texture target
       */
      gsk_gl_driver_bind_vao (self->gl_driver, item->render_data.vao_id);

      /* Since we're rendering the target texture, we only need the blit program */
      glUseProgram (self->blit_program.id);

      /* Use texture unit 0 for the render target */
      glUniform1i (item->render_data.program->source_location, 0);
      gsk_gl_driver_bind_source_texture (self->gl_driver, item->render_data.render_target_id);

      /* Pass the opacity component; if we got here, we know that the original render
       * target is neither fully opaque nor at full opacity
       */
      glUniform1f (item->render_data.program->alpha_location, item->opacity);

      /* Pass the mvp to the vertex shader */
      GSK_NOTE (TRANSFORMS, graphene_matrix_print (&item->mvp));
      graphene_matrix_to_float (&item->mvp, mvp);
      glUniformMatrix4fv (item->render_data.program->mvp_location, 1, GL_FALSE, mvp);

      /* Draw the quad */
      GSK_NOTE2 (OPENGL, TRANSFORMS,
                 g_print ("Drawing offscreen item <%s>[%p] (w:%g, h:%g) with opacity: %g\n",
                          item->name,
                          item,
                          item->size.width, item->size.height,
                          item->opacity));

      glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLES, 0, N_VERTICES);
    }
}

static void
get_gl_scaling_filters (GskRenderNode *node,
                        int           *min_filter_r,
                        int           *mag_filter_r)
{
  switch (node->min_filter)
    {
    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_NEAREST:
      *min_filter_r = GL_NEAREST;
      break;

    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_LINEAR:
      *min_filter_r = GL_LINEAR;
      break;

    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_TRILINEAR:
      *min_filter_r = GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  switch (node->mag_filter)
    {
    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_NEAREST:
      *mag_filter_r = GL_NEAREST;
      break;

    /* There's no point in using anything above GL_LINEAR for
     * magnification filters
     */
    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_LINEAR:
    case GSK_SCALING_FILTER_TRILINEAR:
    default:
      *mag_filter_r = GL_LINEAR;
      break;
    }
}

#if 0
static gboolean
check_in_frustum (const graphene_frustum_t *frustum,
                  RenderItem               *item)
{
  graphene_box_t aabb;

  graphene_box_init (&aabb, &item->min, &item->max);
  graphene_matrix_transform_box (&item->mvp, &aabb, &aabb);

  return graphene_frustum_intersects_box (frustum, &aabb);
}
#endif

static float
project_item (const graphene_matrix_t *projection,
              const graphene_matrix_t *modelview)
{
  graphene_vec4_t vec;

  graphene_matrix_get_row (modelview, 3, &vec);
  graphene_matrix_transform_vec4 (projection, &vec, &vec);

  return graphene_vec4_get_z (&vec) / graphene_vec4_get_w (&vec);
}

static gboolean
render_node_needs_render_target (GskRenderNode *node)
{
  return FALSE;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (GskGLRenderer           *self,
                                 const graphene_matrix_t *projection,
                                 const graphene_matrix_t *modelview,
                                 GArray                  *render_items,
                                 GskRenderNode           *node,
                                 RenderItem              *parent)
{
  RenderItem item;
  RenderItem *ritem = NULL;
  int program_id;
  int scale_factor;

  memset (&item, 0, sizeof (RenderItem));

  if (gsk_renderer_get_window (GSK_RENDERER (self)))
    scale_factor = gdk_window_get_scale_factor (gsk_renderer_get_window (GSK_RENDERER (self)));
  else
    scale_factor = 1;

  item.node = node;
  item.name = node->name != NULL ? node->name : "unnamed";

  /* The texture size */
  item.size.width = node->bounds.size.width * scale_factor;
  item.size.height = node->bounds.size.height * scale_factor;

  /* Each render item is an axis-aligned bounding box that we
   * transform using the given transformation matrix
   */
  item.min.x = node->bounds.origin.x;
  item.min.y = node->bounds.origin.y;
  item.min.z = 0.f;

  item.max.x = item.min.x + node->bounds.size.width;
  item.max.y = item.min.y + node->bounds.size.height;
  item.max.z = 0.f;

  /* The location of the item, in normalized world coordinates */
  graphene_matrix_multiply (modelview, &self->mvp, &item.mvp);
  item.z = project_item (projection, modelview);

  item.opacity = 1.0;

  item.blend_mode = GSK_BLEND_MODE_DEFAULT;

  /* Back-pointer to the parent node */
  if (parent != NULL)
    item.parent_data = &(parent->render_data);
  else
    item.parent_data = NULL;

  /* Select the program to use */
  if (parent != NULL)
    {
      item.render_data.program = &self->blend_program;
      program_id = self->blend_program.id;
    }
  else
    {
      item.render_data.program = &self->blit_program;
      program_id = self->blit_program.id;
    }

  if (render_node_needs_render_target (node))
    {
      item.render_data.render_target_id =
        gsk_gl_driver_create_texture (self->gl_driver, item.size.width, item.size.height);
      gsk_gl_driver_init_texture_empty (self->gl_driver, item.render_data.render_target_id);
      gsk_gl_driver_create_render_target (self->gl_driver, item.render_data.render_target_id, TRUE, TRUE);

      item.children = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (RenderItem));
    }
  else
    {
      item.render_data.render_target_id = self->texture_id;
      item.children = NULL;
    }

  switch (gsk_render_node_get_node_type (node))
    {
    case GSK_TEXTURE_NODE:
      {
        GdkTexture *texture = gsk_texture_node_get_texture (node);
        int gl_min_filter = GL_NEAREST, gl_mag_filter = GL_NEAREST;

        get_gl_scaling_filters (node, &gl_min_filter, &gl_mag_filter);

        item.render_data.texture_id = gsk_gl_driver_get_texture_for_texture (self->gl_driver,
                                                                             texture,
                                                                             gl_min_filter,
                                                                             gl_mag_filter);
        item.mode = MODE_TEXTURE;
      }
      break;

    case GSK_CAIRO_NODE:
      {
        const cairo_surface_t *surface = gsk_cairo_node_peek_surface (node);
        int gl_min_filter = GL_NEAREST, gl_mag_filter = GL_NEAREST;

        if (surface == NULL)
          return;

        get_gl_scaling_filters (node, &gl_min_filter, &gl_mag_filter);

        /* Upload the Cairo surface to a GL texture */
        item.render_data.texture_id = gsk_gl_driver_create_texture (self->gl_driver,
                                                                    item.size.width,
                                                                    item.size.height);
        gsk_gl_driver_bind_source_texture (self->gl_driver, item.render_data.texture_id);
        gsk_gl_driver_init_texture_with_surface (self->gl_driver,
                                                 item.render_data.texture_id,
                                                 (cairo_surface_t *)surface,
                                                 gl_min_filter,
                                                 gl_mag_filter);
        item.mode = MODE_TEXTURE;
      }
      break;

    case GSK_COLOR_NODE:
      {
        const GdkRGBA *c = gsk_color_node_peek_color(node);
        program_id = self->color_program.id;
        item.render_data.program = &self->color_program;
        item.mode = MODE_COLOR;
        item.color_data.color= *c;
      }
      break;

    case GSK_COLOR_MATRIX_NODE:
      {
        GskRenderNode *child = gsk_color_matrix_node_get_child (node);

        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_SHADOW_NODE:
      {
        GskRenderNode *child = gsk_shadow_node_get_child (node);

        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_REPEAT_NODE:
      {
        GskRenderNode *child = gsk_repeat_node_get_child (node);

        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_BLEND_NODE:
      {
        GskRenderNode *child = gsk_blend_node_get_bottom_child (node);

        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);

        child = gsk_blend_node_get_top_child (node);
        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_CROSS_FADE_NODE:
      {
        GskRenderNode *child = gsk_cross_fade_node_get_start_child (node);

        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);

        child = gsk_cross_fade_node_get_end_child (node);
        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_CONTAINER_NODE:
      {
        guint i, p;

        for (i = 0, p = gsk_container_node_get_n_children (node); i < p; i++)
          {
            GskRenderNode *child = gsk_container_node_get_child (node, i);
            gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, modelview, render_items, child, ritem);
          }
      }
      return;

    case GSK_TRANSFORM_NODE:
      {
        graphene_matrix_t transform, transformed_mv;

        graphene_matrix_init_from_matrix (&transform, gsk_transform_node_peek_transform (node));
        graphene_matrix_multiply (&transform, modelview, &transformed_mv);
        gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self,
                                         projection, &transformed_mv,
                                         render_items,
                                         gsk_transform_node_get_child (node),
                                         ritem);
      }
      return;

    case GSK_NOT_A_RENDER_NODE:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      return;

    case GSK_LINEAR_GRADIENT_NODE:
    case GSK_REPEATING_LINEAR_GRADIENT_NODE:
    case GSK_BORDER_NODE:
    case GSK_INSET_SHADOW_NODE:
    case GSK_OUTSET_SHADOW_NODE:
    case GSK_OPACITY_NODE:
    case GSK_CLIP_NODE:
    case GSK_ROUNDED_CLIP_NODE:
    case GSK_TEXT_NODE:
    case GSK_BLUR_NODE:
    default:
      {
        cairo_surface_t *surface;
        cairo_t *cr;

        surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
                                              item.size.width,
                                              item.size.height);
        cairo_surface_set_device_scale (surface, scale_factor, scale_factor);
        cr = cairo_create (surface);
        cairo_translate (cr, -node->bounds.origin.x, -node->bounds.origin.y);

        gsk_render_node_draw (node, cr);

        cairo_destroy (cr);

        /* Upload the Cairo surface to a GL texture */
        item.render_data.texture_id = gsk_gl_driver_create_texture (self->gl_driver,
                                                                    item.size.width,
                                                                    item.size.height);
        gsk_gl_driver_bind_source_texture (self->gl_driver, item.render_data.texture_id);
        gsk_gl_driver_init_texture_with_surface (self->gl_driver,
                                                 item.render_data.texture_id,
                                                 surface,
                                                 GL_NEAREST, GL_NEAREST);

        cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
        item.mode = MODE_TEXTURE;
      }
      break;
    }

  item.render_data.program_id = program_id;

  /* Create the vertex buffers holding the geometry of the quad */
  {
    GskQuadVertex vertex_data[N_VERTICES] = {
      { { item.min.x, item.min.y }, { 0, 0 }, },
      { { item.min.x, item.max.y }, { 0, 1 }, },
      { { item.max.x, item.min.y }, { 1, 0 }, },

      { { item.max.x, item.max.y }, { 1, 1 }, },
      { { item.min.x, item.max.y }, { 0, 1 }, },
      { { item.max.x, item.min.y }, { 1, 0 }, },
    };

    item.render_data.vao_id =
      gsk_gl_driver_create_vao_for_quad (self->gl_driver,
                                         item.render_data.program->position_location,
                                         item.render_data.program->uv_location,
                                         N_VERTICES,
                                         vertex_data);
  }

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Adding node <%s>[%p] to render items\n",
                             node->name != NULL ? node->name : "unnamed",
                             node));
  g_array_append_val (render_items, item);
  ritem = &g_array_index (render_items, RenderItem, render_items->len - 1);

  if (item.children != NULL)
    render_items = item.children;
}

static gboolean
gsk_gl_renderer_validate_tree (GskGLRenderer           *self,
                               GskRenderNode           *root,
                               const graphene_matrix_t *projection)
{
  graphene_matrix_t identity;

  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    {
      GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("No valid GL context associated to the renderer"));
      return FALSE;
    }

  graphene_matrix_init_identity (&identity);

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  gsk_gl_driver_begin_frame (self->gl_driver);

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("RenderNode -> RenderItem\n"));
  gsk_gl_renderer_add_render_item (self, projection, &identity, self->render_items, root, NULL);

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Total render items: %d\n",
                             self->render_items->len));

  gsk_gl_driver_end_frame (self->gl_driver);

  return TRUE;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_clear_tree (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  int removed_textures, removed_vaos;

  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    return;

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  g_array_remove_range (self->render_items, 0, self->render_items->len);

  removed_textures = gsk_gl_driver_collect_textures (self->gl_driver);
  removed_vaos = gsk_gl_driver_collect_vaos (self->gl_driver);

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Collected: %d textures, %d vaos\n",
                             removed_textures,
                             removed_vaos));
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_clear (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Clearing viewport\n"));
  glClearColor (0, 0, 0, 0);
  glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_setup_render_mode (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  switch (self->render_mode)
  {
    case RENDER_FULL:
      glDisable (GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
      break;

    case RENDER_SCISSOR:
      {
        GdkDrawingContext *context = gsk_renderer_get_drawing_context (GSK_RENDERER (self));
        GdkWindow *window = gsk_renderer_get_window (GSK_RENDERER (self));
        GdkRectangle extents;
        int scale_factor = gdk_window_get_scale_factor (window);

        cairo_region_get_extents (gdk_drawing_context_get_clip (context), &extents);

        glScissor (extents.x * scale_factor,
                   (gdk_window_get_height (window) - extents.height - extents.y) * scale_factor,
                   extents.width * scale_factor, extents.height * scale_factor);
        glEnable (GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
        break;
      }

    default:
      g_assert_not_reached ();
      break;
  }
}

#define ORTHO_NEAR_PLANE        -10000
#define ORTHO_FAR_PLANE          10000

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_do_render (GskRenderer           *renderer,
                           GskRenderNode         *root,
                           const graphene_rect_t *viewport,
                           int                    scale_factor)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);
  graphene_matrix_t modelview, projection;
  guint i;
#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  GskProfiler *profiler;
  gint64 gpu_time, cpu_time;
#endif

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  profiler = gsk_renderer_get_profiler (renderer);
#endif

  /* Set up the modelview and projection matrices to fit our viewport */
  graphene_matrix_init_scale (&modelview, scale_factor, scale_factor, 1.0);
  graphene_matrix_init_ortho (&projection,
                              viewport->origin.x,
                              viewport->origin.x + viewport->size.width * scale_factor,
                              viewport->origin.y + viewport->size.height * scale_factor,
                              viewport->origin.y,
                              ORTHO_NEAR_PLANE,
                              ORTHO_FAR_PLANE);

  gsk_gl_renderer_update_frustum (self, &modelview, &projection);

  if (!gsk_gl_renderer_validate_tree (self, root, &projection))
    return;

  gsk_gl_driver_begin_frame (self->gl_driver);

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  gsk_gl_profiler_begin_gpu_region (self->gl_profiler);
  gsk_profiler_timer_begin (profiler, self->profile_timers.cpu_time);
#endif

  /* Ensure that the viewport is up to date */
  if (gsk_gl_driver_bind_render_target (self->gl_driver, self->texture_id))
    gsk_gl_renderer_resize_viewport (self, viewport, scale_factor);

  gsk_gl_renderer_setup_render_mode (self);

  gsk_gl_renderer_clear (self);

  glEnable (GL_DEPTH_TEST);
  glDepthFunc (GL_LEQUAL);

  glEnable (GL_BLEND);
  glBlendFunc (GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

  GSK_NOTE (OPENGL, g_print ("Rendering %u items\n", self->render_items->len));
  for (i = 0; i < self->render_items->len; i++)
    {
      RenderItem *item = &g_array_index (self->render_items, RenderItem, i);

      render_item (self, item);
    }

  /* Draw the output of the GL rendering to the window */
  gsk_gl_driver_end_frame (self->gl_driver);

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  gsk_profiler_counter_inc (profiler, self->profile_counters.frames);

  cpu_time = gsk_profiler_timer_end (profiler, self->profile_timers.cpu_time);
  gsk_profiler_timer_set (profiler, self->profile_timers.cpu_time, cpu_time);

  gpu_time = gsk_gl_profiler_end_gpu_region (self->gl_profiler);
  gsk_profiler_timer_set (profiler, self->profile_timers.gpu_time, gpu_time);

  gsk_profiler_push_samples (profiler);
#endif
}

static GdkTexture *
gsk_gl_renderer_render_texture (GskRenderer           *renderer,
                                GskRenderNode         *root,
                                const graphene_rect_t *viewport)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);
  GdkTexture *texture;
  cairo_surface_t *surface;
  cairo_t *cr;

  g_return_val_if_fail (self->gl_context != NULL, NULL);

  self->render_mode = RENDER_FULL;

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  gsk_gl_driver_begin_frame (self->gl_driver);
  gsk_gl_renderer_create_buffers (self, ceilf (viewport->size.width), ceilf (viewport->size.height), 1);
  gsk_gl_driver_end_frame (self->gl_driver);

  gsk_gl_renderer_do_render (renderer, root, viewport, 1);

  surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
                                        ceilf (viewport->size.width),
                                        ceilf (viewport->size.height));
  cr = cairo_create (surface);
  gdk_cairo_draw_from_gl (cr,
                          gsk_renderer_get_window (renderer),
                          self->texture_id,
                          GL_TEXTURE,
                          1.0,
                          0, 0,
                          viewport->size.width,
                          viewport->size.height);
  cairo_destroy (cr);

  texture = gdk_texture_new_for_surface (surface);
  cairo_surface_destroy (surface);

  return texture;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_render (GskRenderer   *renderer,
                        GskRenderNode *root)
{
  GskGLRenderer *self = GSK_GL_RENDERER (renderer);
  graphene_rect_t viewport;
  int scale_factor;

  if (self->gl_context == NULL)
    return;

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);

  gsk_renderer_get_viewport (renderer, &viewport);
  scale_factor = gdk_window_get_scale_factor (gsk_renderer_get_window (renderer));

  gsk_gl_renderer_do_render (renderer, root, &viewport, scale_factor);

  gdk_gl_context_make_current (self->gl_context);
  gsk_gl_renderer_clear_tree (self);
  gsk_gl_renderer_destroy_buffers (self);
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_class_init (GskGLRendererClass *klass)
{
  GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);
  GskRendererClass *renderer_class = GSK_RENDERER_CLASS (klass);

  gobject_class->dispose = gsk_gl_renderer_dispose;

  renderer_class->realize = gsk_gl_renderer_realize;
  renderer_class->unrealize = gsk_gl_renderer_unrealize;
  renderer_class->begin_draw_frame = gsk_gl_renderer_begin_draw_frame;
  renderer_class->render = gsk_gl_renderer_render;
  renderer_class->render_texture = gsk_gl_renderer_render_texture;
}

static void
gsk_gl_renderer_init (GskGLRenderer *self)
{
  gsk_ensure_resources ();

  graphene_matrix_init_identity (&self->mvp);

  self->render_items = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (RenderItem));

#ifdef G_ENABLE_DEBUG
  {
    GskProfiler *profiler = gsk_renderer_get_profiler (GSK_RENDERER (self));

    self->profile_counters.frames = gsk_profiler_add_counter (profiler, "frames", "Frames", FALSE);
    self->profile_counters.draw_calls = gsk_profiler_add_counter (profiler, "draws", "glDrawArrays", TRUE);

    self->profile_timers.cpu_time = gsk_profiler_add_timer (profiler, "cpu-time", "CPU time", FALSE, TRUE);
    self->profile_timers.gpu_time = gsk_profiler_add_timer (profiler, "gpu-time", "GPU time", FALSE, TRUE);
  }
#endif
}