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Mention the need to subscribe to the GTK+ mailing lists.

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Wed Mar  6 18:11:05 2002  Owen Taylor  <otaylor@redhat.com>

        * gtk/resources.sgml: Mention the need to subscribe
        to the GTK+ mailing lists.

        * gtk/building.sgml: Go into much more details about
        building the entire set of GTK+ libraries and about the
        dependencies that are required.

        * gtk/building.sgml: Add docs for --enable-explicit-deps,
        --with-xinput.
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12
docs/reference/ChangeLog
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@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
Wed Mar 6 18:11:05 2002 Owen Taylor <otaylor@redhat.com>
* gtk/resources.sgml: Mention the need to subscribe
to the GTK+ mailing lists.
* gtk/building.sgml: Go into much more details about
building the entire set of GTK+ libraries and about the
dependencies that are required.
* gtk/building.sgml: Add docs for --enable-explicit-deps,
--with-xinput.
Wed Mar 6 14:12:34 2002 Jonathan Blandford <jrb@redhat.com>
* gtk/tmpl/gtktreeselection.sgml: docs

383
docs/reference/gtk/building.sgml
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@ -1,53 +1,301 @@
<refentry id="gtk-building" revision="6 Sept 2001">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>Compiling the GTK+ package</refentrytitle>
<refentrytitle>Compiling the GTK+ libraries</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>GTK Library</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Compiling the GTK+ Package</refname>
<refname>Compiling the GTK+ Libraries</refname>
<refpurpose>
How to compile GTK+ itself
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 id="building">
<title>Building the Library on UNIX</title>
<para>
On UNIX, GTK+ uses the standard GNU build system,
using <application>autoconf</application> for package
configuration and resolving portability issues,
<application>automake</application> for building makefiles
that comply with the GNU Coding Standards, and
<application>libtool</application> for building shared
libraries on multiple platforms. The normal sequence for
compiling and installing the GTK+ library is thus:
<literallayout>
<userinput>./configure</userinput>
<userinput>make</userinput>
<userinput>make install</userinput>
</literallayout>
</para>
<para>
The standard options provided by <application>GNU
autoconf</application> may be passed to the
<command>configure</command> script. Please see the
<application>autoconf</application> documentation or run
<command>./configure --help</command> for information about
the standard options.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="extra-configuration-options">
<refsect1 id="overview">
<title>Building GTK+ on UNIX-like systems</title>
<para>
This chapter covers building and installing GTK+ on UNIX and
UNIX-like systems such as Linux. Compiling GTK+ on Microsoft
Windows is different in detail and somewhat more difficult to
get going since the necessary tools aren't included with
the operating system.
</para>
<para>
Before we get into the details of how to compile GTK+, we should
mention that in many cases, binary packages of GTK+ prebuilt for
your operating system will be available, either from your
operating system vendor or from independent sources. If such a
set of packages is available, installing it will get you
programming wih GTK+ much faster than building it yourself. In
fact, you may well already have GTK+ installed on your system
already.
</para>
<para>
On UNIX-like systems GTK+ uses the standard GNU build system,
using <application>autoconf</application> for package
configuration and resolving portability issues,
<application>automake</application> for building makefiles that
comply with the GNU Coding Standards, and
<application>libtool</application> for building shared libraries
on multiple platforms.
</para>
<para>
If you are building GTK+ from the distributed source packages,
then won't need these tools installed; the necessary pieces
of the tools are already included in the source packages. But
it's useful to know a bit about how packages that use these
tools work. A source package is distributed as a
<literal>tar.gz</literal> file which you unpack into a
directory full of the source files as follows:
</para>
<programlisting>
tar xvfz gtk+-2.0.0.tar.gz
</programlisting>
<para>
In the toplevel of the directory that is created, there will be
a shell script called <filename>configure</filename> which
you then run to take the template makefiles called
<filename>Makefile.in</filename> in the package and create
makefiles customized for your operating system. The <filename>configure</filename>
script can be passed various command line arguments to determine how
the package is built and installed. The most commonly useful
argument is the <systemitem>--prefix</systemitem> argument which
determines where the package is installed. To install a package
in <filename>/opt/gtk</filename> you would run configure as:
</para>
<programlisting>
./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk
</programlisting>
<para>
A full list of options can be found by running
<filename>configure</filename> with the
<systemitem>--help</systemitem> argument. In general, the defaults are
right and should be trusted. After you've run
<filename>configure</filename>, you then run the
<command>make</command> command to build the package and install
it.
</para>
<programlisting>
make
make install
</programlisting>
<para>
If you don't have permission to write to the directory you are
installing in, you may have to change to root temporarily before
running <literal>make install</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Several environment variables are useful to pass to set before
running configure. <envar>CPPFLAGS</envar> contains options to
pass to the C compiler, and is used to tell the compiler where
to look for include files. The <envar>LDFLAGS</envar> variable
is used in a similar fashion for the linker. Finally the
<envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> environment variable contains
a search path that <command>pkg-config</command> (see below)
uses when looking for for file describing how to compile
programs using different libraries. If you were installing GTK+
and it's dependencies into /opt/gtk, you might want to set
these variables as:
</para>
<programlisting>
CPPFLAGS="-I /opt/gtk/include"
LDFLAGS="-L/opt/gtk/lib"
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig"
export CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS PKG_CONFIG_PATH
</programlisting>
<para>
You may also need to set the <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar>
environment variable so the systems dynamic linker can find
the newly installed libraries, and the <envar>PATH</envar>
environment program so that utility binaries installed by
the various libraries will be found.
</para>
<programlisting>
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib"
PATH="/opt/gtk/bin:$PATH"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
</programlisting>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="dependencies">
<title>Dependencies</title>
<para>
Before you can compile the GTK+ widget toolkit, you need to have
various other tools and libraries installed on your
system. The two tools needed during the build process (as
differentiated from the tools used in when creating GTK+
mentioned above such as <application>autoconf</application>)
are <command>pkg-config</command> and GNU make.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/software/pkgconfig/">pkg-config</ulink>
is a tool for tracking the compilation flags needed for
libraries that is used by the GTK+ libraries. (For each
library, a small ".pc" text file is installed in a standard
location that contains the compilation flags needed for that
library along with version number information.) The version
of <command>pkg-config</command> needed to build GTK+ is
mirrored in the <filename>dependencies</filename> directory
on the <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.0/">GTK+ FTP
site.</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The GTK+ makefiles will mostly work with different versions
of <command>make</command>, however, there tends to be
a few incompatibilities, so the GTK+ team recommends
installing <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/make">GNU
make</ulink> if you don't already have it on your system
and using it. (It may be called <command>gmake</command>
rather than <command>make</command>)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Three of the libraries that GTK+ depends on are maintained by
by the GTK+ team: GLib, Pango, and ATK. Other libraries are
maintained separately.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The GLib library provides core non-graphical functionality
such as high level data types, unicode manipulation, and
a object and type system to C programs. It is available
from the <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.0/">GTK+
FTP site.</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Pango is a library for internationalized text handling. It
is available from the <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.0/">GTK+ FTP site.</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
ATK is the Accessibility Toolkit. It provides a set of generic
interfaces allowing accessibility technologies such as
screen readers to interact with a graphical user interface.
It is available from the <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.0/">GTK+ FTP site.</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/">GNU
libiconv library</ulink> is needed to build GLib if your
system doesn't have the <function>iconv()</function>
function for doing conversion between character
encodings. Most modern systems should have
<function>iconv()</function>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The libintl library from the <ulink
url="http://www.gtk.org/software/gettext">GNU gettext
package</ulink> is needed if your system doesn't have the
<function>gettext()</function> functionality for handling
message translation databases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/">JPEG</ulink>,
<ulink url="http://www.libpng.org">PNG</ulink>, and
<ulink url="http://www.libtiff.org">TIFF</ulink> image loading libraries are needed to
compile GTK+. You probably already have these libraries
installed, but if not, the versions you need are available in
the <filename>dependencies</filename> directory on the the
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.0/dependencies/">GTK+
FTP site.</ulink>. (Before installing these libraries
from source, you should check if your operating system
vendor has prebuilt packages of these libraries that you
don't have installed.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
While not required for running GTK+ on X, you may want install the
<ulink url="http://www.freetype.org">FreeType
library</ulink> so that the PangoFT2 backend for Pango will
be built. This backend is used by the linux-fb backend for
GTK+ and applications that want to render independently
of the X display. You'll need at least version 2.0.1.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The libraries from the X window system are needed to build
Pango and GTK+. You should already have these installed on
your system, but it's possible that you'll need to install
the development environment for these libraries that your
operating system vendor provides. If you have a recent
version of the XFree86 system, such as 4.2.0, then Pango
and GTK+ will take advantage of the Xft and Xrender
libraries to provide anti-aliased and scaleable fonts in
a much more sophisticated fashion then the support for
core X fonts.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="building">
<title>Building and testing GTK+</title>
<para>
First make sure that you have the necessary external
dependencies installed: <command>pkg-config</command>, GNU make,
the JPEG, PNG, and TIFF libraries, FreeType, and, if necessary,
libiconv and libintl. To get detailed information about building
ithese packages, see the documentation provided with the
individual packages.
On a Linux system, it's quite likely you'll have all of these
installed already except for <command>pkg-config</command>.
</para>
<para>
Then build and install the GTK+ libraries in the order:
GLib, Pango, ATK, then GTK+. For each library, follow the
steps of <literal>configure</literal>, <literal>make</literal>,
<literal>make install</literal> mentioned above. If you're
lucky, this will all go smoothly, and you'll be ready to
<link linkend="gtk-compiling">start compiling your own GTK+
applications</link>. You can test your GTK+ installation
by running the <command>gtk-demo</command> program that
GTK+ installs. If you have the Xft library, you can turn on
anti-aliased fonts by setting the <envar>GDK_USE_XFT</envar>
environment variable.
</para>
<programlisting>
GDK_USE_XFT=1 gtk-demo
</programlisting>
<para>
If one of the <filename>configure</filename> scripts fails or running
<command>make</command> fails, look closely at the at the error
messages printed; these will often provide useful information
as to what went wrong. When <filename>configure</filename>
fails, extra information, such as errors that a test compilation
ran into, is found in the file <filename>config.log</filename>.
Looking at the last couple of hundred lines in this file will
frequently make clear what went wrong. If all else fails, you
can ask for help on the gtk-list mailing list.
See <xref linkend="gtk-resources"> for more information.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="extra-configuration-options">
<title>Extra Configuration Options</title>
<para>
In addition to the normal options, the
<command>configure</command> script in the GTK+
library supports these additional arguments:
<command>configure</command> script for the GTK+ library
supports a number of additional arguments. (Command line
arguments for the other GTK+ libraries are described in
the documentation distributed with the those libraries.)
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>configure</command>
@ -141,6 +389,31 @@ How to compile GTK+ itself
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> and
<systemitem>--disable-explicit-deps</systemitem></title>
<para>
If <systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> is
specified then GTK+ will write the full set of libraries
that GTK+ depends upon into its .pc files to be used when
programs depending on GTK+ are linked. Otherwise, GTK+
only will include the GTK+ libraries themselves, and
will depend on system library dependency facilities to
bring in the other libraries.
By default GTK+ will disable explicit dependencies unless
it detects that they are needed on the system. (If you
specify <systemitem>--enable-static</systemitem> to force
building of static libraries, then explicit dependencies
will be written since library dependencies don't work
for static libraries.) Specifying
<systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> or
<systemitem>--enable-static</systemitem> can cause
compatibility
problems when libraries that GTK+ depends upon change
their versions, and should be avoided if possible.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><systemitem>--disable-shm</systemitem> and
<systemitem>--enable-shm</systemitem></title>
@ -194,27 +467,37 @@ How to compile GTK+ itself
<systemitem>--enable-gtk-doc</systemitem></title>
<para>
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
to auto-detect whether the
<application>gtk-doc</application> package is installed. If
it is, then it will use it to extract and build the
documentation for the GTK+ library. These options
can be used to explicitly control whether
<application>gtk-doc</application> should be
used or not. If it is not used, the distributed,
pre-generated HTML files will be installed instead of
building them on your machine.
The <application>gtk-doc</application> package is
used to generate the reference documented included
with GTK+. By default support for gtk-doc is disabled
because it requires various extra dependencies
to be installed. If you have
<application>gtk-doc</application> installed and
are modifying GTK+, you may want to enable
<application>gtk-doc</application> support by passing
in <systemitem>--enable-gtk-doc</systemitem>. If not
enabled pre-generated HTML files distributed with GTK+
will be installed.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><systemitem>--with-xinput</systemitem></title>
<para>
Controls whether GTK+ is built with support for the XInput
extension. The XInput extension provides an interface
to extended input devices such as graphics tablets.
When this support is compiled in, specially written
GTK+ programs can get access to subpixel positions,
multiple simultaneous input devices, and extra "axes"
provided by the device such as pressure and tilt
information. This is only known to work well on XFree86
systems, though other systems do have this extension.
(If <systemitem>--with-xinput=gxi</systemitem>
is supplied, support for an obsolete and unsupported
way of interacting with XInput is compiled.)
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><systemitem>--with-gdktarget</systemitem></title>
@ -238,3 +521,7 @@ How to compile GTK+ itself
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<!-- Local Variables: -->
<!-- sgml-parent-document: ("gtk-docs.sgml" "chapter" "refentry") -->
<!-- End: -->

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@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ libraries. Discussion of GLib, Pango, and ATK in addition to GTK+
proper is welcome on these lists. You can subscribe or view the
archives of these lists on
<ulink url="http://mail.gnome.org">http://mail.gnome.org</ulink>.
If you aren't subscribed to the list, any message you post to
the list will be held for manual moderation, which might take
some days to happen.
</para>
<para>