/* GDK - The GIMP Drawing Kit * Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Peter Mattis, Spencer Kimball and Josh MacDonald * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Library General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public * License along with this library; if not, write to the * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* gdkgeometry-x11.c: emulation of 32 bit coordinates within the * limits of X. * * By Owen Taylor * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2000 */ #include "gdk.h" /* For gdk_rectangle_intersect */ #include "gdkprivate-x11.h" #include "gdkx.h" #include "gdkregion.h" typedef struct _GdkWindowQueueItem GdkWindowQueueItem; typedef struct _GdkWindowParentPos GdkWindowParentPos; typedef enum { GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_TRANSLATE, GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_ANTIEXPOSE } GdkWindowQueueType; struct _GdkWindowQueueItem { GdkWindow *window; gulong serial; GdkWindowQueueType type; union { struct { gint dx; gint dy; } translate; struct { GdkRegion *area; } antiexpose; } u; }; struct _GdkWindowParentPos { gint x; gint y; gint x11_x; gint x11_y; GdkRectangle clip_rect; }; static void gdk_window_compute_position (GdkWindowImplX11 *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos, GdkXPositionInfo *info); static void gdk_window_compute_parent_pos (GdkWindowImplX11 *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos); static void gdk_window_premove (GdkWindow *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos); static void gdk_window_postmove (GdkWindow *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos); static void gdk_window_queue_translation (GdkWindow *window, gint dx, gint dy); static void gdk_window_tmp_unset_bg (GdkWindow *window); static void gdk_window_tmp_reset_bg (GdkWindow *window); static void gdk_window_clip_changed (GdkWindow *window, GdkRectangle *old_clip, GdkRectangle *new_clip); static GSList *translate_queue = NULL; void _gdk_windowing_window_get_offsets (GdkWindow *window, gint *x_offset, gint *y_offset) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window)->impl); *x_offset = impl->position_info.x_offset; *y_offset = impl->position_info.y_offset; } void _gdk_window_init_position (GdkWindow *window) { GdkWindowParentPos parent_pos; GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; g_return_if_fail (GDK_IS_WINDOW (window)); impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window)->impl); gdk_window_compute_parent_pos (impl, &parent_pos); gdk_window_compute_position (impl, &parent_pos, &impl->position_info); } /** * gdk_window_scroll: * @window: a #GdkWindow * @dx: Amount to scroll in the X direction * @dy: Amount to scroll in the Y direction * * Scroll the contents of its window, both pixels and children, by * the given amount. Portions of the window that the scroll operation * brings in from offscreen areas are invalidated. The invalidated * region may be bigger than what would strictly be necessary. * (For X11, a minimum area will be invalidated if the window has * no subwindows, or if the edges of the window's parent do not extend * beyond the edges of the window. In other cases, a multi-step process * is used to scroll the window which may produce temporary visual * artifacts and unnecessary invalidations.) **/ void gdk_window_scroll (GdkWindow *window, gint dx, gint dy) { gboolean can_guffaw_scroll = FALSE; GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; g_return_if_fail (GDK_IS_WINDOW (window)); obj = GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window); impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); if (GDK_WINDOW_DESTROYED (window)) return; /* We can guffaw scroll if we are a child window, and the parent * does not extend beyond our edges. */ if (GDK_WINDOW_TYPE (window) == GDK_WINDOW_CHILD) { GdkWindowImplX11 *parent_impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->parent->impl); can_guffaw_scroll = (obj->x <= 0 && obj->y <= 0 && obj->x + impl->width >= parent_impl->width && obj->y + impl->height >= parent_impl->height); } if (!obj->children || !can_guffaw_scroll) { /* Use XCopyArea, then move any children later */ GList *tmp_list; GdkRegion *invalidate_region; GdkRectangle dest_rect; invalidate_region = gdk_region_rectangle (&impl->position_info.clip_rect); dest_rect = impl->position_info.clip_rect; dest_rect.x += dx; dest_rect.y += dy; gdk_rectangle_intersect (&dest_rect, &impl->position_info.clip_rect, &dest_rect); if (dest_rect.width > 0 && dest_rect.height > 0) { GC gc; XGCValues values; GdkRegion *tmp_region; tmp_region = gdk_region_rectangle (&dest_rect); gdk_region_subtract (invalidate_region, tmp_region); gdk_region_destroy (tmp_region); gdk_window_queue_translation (window, dx, dy); values.graphics_exposures = True; gc = XCreateGC (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), GCGraphicsExposures, &values); XCopyArea (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), gc, dest_rect.x - dx, dest_rect.y - dy, dest_rect.width, dest_rect.height, dest_rect.x, dest_rect.y); XFreeGC (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), gc); } gdk_window_invalidate_region (window, invalidate_region, TRUE); gdk_region_destroy (invalidate_region); tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { GdkWindow * child = GDK_WINDOW (tmp_list->data); gdk_window_move (child, obj->x + dx, obj->y + dy); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } } else { /* Guffaw scroll */ g_warning ("gdk_window_scroll(): guffaw scrolling not yet implemented"); } } void _gdk_window_move_resize_child (GdkWindow *window, gint x, gint y, gint width, gint height) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; GdkXPositionInfo new_info; GdkWindowParentPos parent_pos; GList *tmp_list; gint d_xoffset, d_yoffset; gint dx, dy; gboolean is_move; gboolean is_resize; g_return_if_fail (window != NULL); g_return_if_fail (GDK_IS_WINDOW (window)); impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window)->impl); obj = GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window); dx = x - obj->x; dy = y - obj->y; is_move = dx != 0 || dy != 0; is_resize = impl->width != width || impl->height != height; if (!is_move && !is_resize) return; obj->x = x; obj->y = y; impl->width = width; impl->height = height; gdk_window_compute_parent_pos (impl, &parent_pos); gdk_window_compute_position (impl, &parent_pos, &new_info); gdk_window_clip_changed (window, &impl->position_info.clip_rect, &new_info.clip_rect); parent_pos.x += obj->x; parent_pos.y += obj->y; parent_pos.x11_x += new_info.x; parent_pos.x11_y += new_info.y; parent_pos.clip_rect = new_info.clip_rect; d_xoffset = new_info.x_offset - impl->position_info.x_offset; d_yoffset = new_info.y_offset - impl->position_info.y_offset; if (d_xoffset != 0 || d_yoffset != 0) { gint new_x0, new_y0, new_x1, new_y1; gdk_window_set_static_gravities (window, TRUE); if (d_xoffset < 0 || d_yoffset < 0) gdk_window_queue_translation (window, MIN (d_xoffset, 0), MIN (d_yoffset, 0)); if (d_xoffset < 0) { new_x0 = impl->position_info.x + d_xoffset; new_x1 = impl->position_info.x + impl->position_info.width; } else { new_x0 = impl->position_info.x; new_x1 = impl->position_info.x + new_info.width + d_xoffset; } if (d_yoffset < 0) { new_y0 = impl->position_info.y + d_yoffset; new_y1 = impl->position_info.y + impl->position_info.height; } else { new_y0 = impl->position_info.y; new_y1 = impl->position_info.y + new_info.height + d_yoffset; } XMoveResizeWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), new_x0, new_y0, new_x1 - new_x0, new_y1 - new_y0); tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_premove (tmp_list->data, &parent_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } XMoveWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), new_x0 + dx, new_y0 + dy); if (d_xoffset > 0 || d_yoffset > 0) gdk_window_queue_translation (window, MAX (d_xoffset, 0), MAX (d_yoffset, 0)); XMoveResizeWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), new_info.x, new_info.y, new_info.width, new_info.height); if (impl->position_info.no_bg) gdk_window_tmp_reset_bg (window); if (!impl->position_info.mapped && new_info.mapped && obj->mapped) XMapWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window)); impl->position_info = new_info; tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_postmove (tmp_list->data, &parent_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } } else { if (is_move && is_resize) gdk_window_set_static_gravities (window, FALSE); if (impl->position_info.mapped && !new_info.mapped) XUnmapWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window)); tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_premove (tmp_list->data, &parent_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } if (is_resize) XMoveResizeWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), new_info.x, new_info.y, new_info.width, new_info.height); else XMoveWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window), new_info.x, new_info.y); tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_postmove (tmp_list->data, &parent_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } if (impl->position_info.no_bg) gdk_window_tmp_reset_bg (window); if (!impl->position_info.mapped && new_info.mapped && obj->mapped) XMapWindow (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_WINDOW_XID (window)); impl->position_info = new_info; } } static void gdk_window_compute_position (GdkWindowImplX11 *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos, GdkXPositionInfo *info) { GdkWindowObject *wrapper; int parent_x_offset; int parent_y_offset; g_return_if_fail (GDK_IS_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (window)); wrapper = GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (GDK_DRAWABLE_IMPL_X11 (window)->wrapper); info->big = FALSE; if (window->width <= 32768) { info->width = window->width; info->x = parent_pos->x + wrapper->x - parent_pos->x11_x; } else { info->big = TRUE; info->width = 32768; if (parent_pos->x + wrapper->x < -16384) { if (parent_pos->x + wrapper->x + window->width < 16384) info->x = parent_pos->x + wrapper->x + window->width - 32768 - parent_pos->x11_x; else info->x = -16384 - parent_pos->x11_y; } else info->x = parent_pos->x + wrapper->x - parent_pos->x11_x; } if (window->height <= 32768) { info->height = window->height; info->y = parent_pos->y + wrapper->y - parent_pos->x11_y; } else { info->big = TRUE; info->height = 32768; if (parent_pos->y + wrapper->y < -16384) { if (parent_pos->y + wrapper->y + window->height < 16384) info->y = parent_pos->y + wrapper->y + window->height - 32768 - parent_pos->x11_y; else info->y = -16384 - parent_pos->x11_y; } else info->y = parent_pos->y + wrapper->y - parent_pos->x11_y; } parent_x_offset = parent_pos->x11_x - parent_pos->x; parent_y_offset = parent_pos->x11_y - parent_pos->y; info->x_offset = parent_x_offset + info->x - wrapper->x; info->y_offset = parent_y_offset + info->y - wrapper->y; /* We don't considering the clipping of toplevel windows and their immediate children * by their parents, and simply always map those windows. */ if (parent_pos->clip_rect.width == G_MAXINT) info->mapped = TRUE; /* Check if the window would wrap around into the visible space in either direction */ else if (info->x + parent_x_offset < parent_pos->clip_rect.x + parent_pos->clip_rect.width - 65536 || info->x + info->width + parent_x_offset > parent_pos->clip_rect.x + 65536 || info->y + parent_y_offset < parent_pos->clip_rect.y + parent_pos->clip_rect.height - 65536 || info->y + info->height + parent_y_offset > parent_pos->clip_rect.y + 65536) info->mapped = FALSE; else info->mapped = TRUE; info->no_bg = FALSE; if (GDK_WINDOW_TYPE (wrapper) == GDK_WINDOW_CHILD) { info->clip_rect.x = wrapper->x; info->clip_rect.y = wrapper->y; info->clip_rect.width = window->width; info->clip_rect.height = window->height; gdk_rectangle_intersect (&info->clip_rect, &parent_pos->clip_rect, &info->clip_rect); info->clip_rect.x -= wrapper->x; info->clip_rect.y -= wrapper->y; } else { info->clip_rect.x = 0; info->clip_rect.y = 0; info->clip_rect.width = G_MAXINT; info->clip_rect.height = G_MAXINT; } } static void gdk_window_compute_parent_pos (GdkWindowImplX11 *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos) { GdkWindowObject *wrapper; GdkWindowObject *parent; GdkRectangle tmp_clip; int clip_xoffset = 0; int clip_yoffset = 0; g_return_if_fail (GDK_IS_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (window)); wrapper = GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (GDK_DRAWABLE_IMPL_X11 (window)->wrapper); parent_pos->x = 0; parent_pos->y = 0; parent_pos->x11_x = 0; parent_pos->x11_y = 0; /* We take a simple approach here and simply consider toplevel * windows not to clip their children on the right/bottom, since the * size of toplevel windows is not directly under our * control. Clipping only really matters when scrolling and * generally we aren't going to be moving the immediate child of a * toplevel beyond the bounds of that toplevel. * * We could go ahead and recompute the clips of toplevel windows and * their descendents when we receive size notification, but it would * probably not be an improvement in most cases. */ parent_pos->clip_rect.x = 0; parent_pos->clip_rect.y = 0; parent_pos->clip_rect.width = G_MAXINT; parent_pos->clip_rect.height = G_MAXINT; parent = (GdkWindowObject *)wrapper->parent; while (parent && parent->window_type == GDK_WINDOW_CHILD) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (parent->impl); tmp_clip.x = - clip_xoffset; tmp_clip.y = - clip_yoffset; tmp_clip.width = impl->width; tmp_clip.height = impl->height; gdk_rectangle_intersect (&parent_pos->clip_rect, &tmp_clip, &parent_pos->clip_rect); parent_pos->x += parent->x; parent_pos->y += parent->y; parent_pos->x11_x += impl->position_info.x; parent_pos->x11_y += impl->position_info.y; clip_xoffset += parent->x; clip_yoffset += parent->y; parent = (GdkWindowObject *)parent->parent; } } static void gdk_window_premove (GdkWindow *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; GdkXPositionInfo new_info; GList *tmp_list; gint d_xoffset, d_yoffset; GdkWindowParentPos this_pos; obj = (GdkWindowObject *) window; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); gdk_window_compute_position (impl, parent_pos, &new_info); gdk_window_clip_changed (window, &impl->position_info.clip_rect, &new_info.clip_rect); this_pos.x = parent_pos->x + obj->x; this_pos.y = parent_pos->y + obj->y; this_pos.x11_x = parent_pos->x11_x + new_info.x; this_pos.x11_y = parent_pos->x11_y + new_info.y; this_pos.clip_rect = new_info.clip_rect; if (impl->position_info.mapped && !new_info.mapped) XUnmapWindow (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window)); d_xoffset = new_info.x_offset - impl->position_info.x_offset; d_yoffset = new_info.y_offset - impl->position_info.y_offset; if (d_xoffset != 0 || d_yoffset != 0) { gint new_x0, new_y0, new_x1, new_y1; if (d_xoffset < 0 || d_yoffset < 0) gdk_window_queue_translation (window, MIN (d_xoffset, 0), MIN (d_yoffset, 0)); if (d_xoffset < 0) { new_x0 = impl->position_info.x + d_xoffset; new_x1 = impl->position_info.x + impl->position_info.width; } else { new_x0 = impl->position_info.x; new_x1 = impl->position_info.x + new_info.width + d_xoffset; } if (d_yoffset < 0) { new_y0 = impl->position_info.y + d_yoffset; new_y1 = impl->position_info.y + impl->position_info.height; } else { new_y0 = impl->position_info.y; new_y1 = impl->position_info.y + new_info.height + d_yoffset; } XMoveResizeWindow (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window), new_x0, new_y0, new_x1 - new_x0, new_y1 - new_y0); } tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_premove (tmp_list->data, &this_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } } static void gdk_window_postmove (GdkWindow *window, GdkWindowParentPos *parent_pos) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; GdkXPositionInfo new_info; GList *tmp_list; gint d_xoffset, d_yoffset; GdkWindowParentPos this_pos; obj = (GdkWindowObject *) window; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); gdk_window_compute_position (impl, parent_pos, &new_info); this_pos.x = parent_pos->x + obj->x; this_pos.y = parent_pos->y + obj->y; this_pos.x11_x = parent_pos->x11_x + new_info.x; this_pos.x11_y = parent_pos->x11_y + new_info.y; this_pos.clip_rect = new_info.clip_rect; d_xoffset = new_info.x_offset - impl->position_info.x_offset; d_yoffset = new_info.y_offset - impl->position_info.y_offset; if (d_xoffset != 0 || d_yoffset != 0) { if (d_xoffset > 0 || d_yoffset > 0) gdk_window_queue_translation (window, MAX (d_xoffset, 0), MAX (d_yoffset, 0)); XMoveResizeWindow (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window), new_info.x, new_info.y, new_info.width, new_info.height); } if (!impl->position_info.mapped && new_info.mapped && obj->mapped) XMapWindow (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window)); if (impl->position_info.no_bg) gdk_window_tmp_reset_bg (window); impl->position_info = new_info; tmp_list = obj->children; while (tmp_list) { gdk_window_postmove (tmp_list->data, &this_pos); tmp_list = tmp_list->next; } } static void gdk_window_queue_translation (GdkWindow *window, gint dx, gint dy) { GdkWindowQueueItem *item = g_new (GdkWindowQueueItem, 1); item->window = window; item->serial = NextRequest (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window)); item->type = GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_TRANSLATE; item->u.translate.dx = dx; item->u.translate.dy = dy; gdk_drawable_ref (window); translate_queue = g_slist_append (translate_queue, item); } gboolean _gdk_windowing_window_queue_antiexpose (GdkWindow *window, GdkRegion *area) { GdkWindowQueueItem *item = g_new (GdkWindowQueueItem, 1); item->window = window; item->serial = NextRequest (GDK_WINDOW_XDISPLAY (window)); item->type = GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_ANTIEXPOSE; item->u.antiexpose.area = area; gdk_drawable_ref (window); translate_queue = g_slist_append (translate_queue, item); return TRUE; } void _gdk_window_process_expose (GdkWindow *window, gulong serial, GdkRectangle *area) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkRegion *invalidate_region = gdk_region_rectangle (area); GdkRegion *clip_region; GSList *tmp_list = translate_queue; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (GDK_WINDOW_OBJECT (window)->impl); while (tmp_list) { GdkWindowQueueItem *item = tmp_list->data; tmp_list = tmp_list->next; if (serial < item->serial) { if (item->window == window) { if (item->type == GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_TRANSLATE) gdk_region_offset (invalidate_region, - item->u.translate.dx, - item->u.translate.dy); else /* anti-expose */ gdk_region_subtract (invalidate_region, item->u.antiexpose.area); } } else { GSList *tmp_link = translate_queue; translate_queue = g_slist_remove_link (translate_queue, translate_queue); gdk_drawable_unref (item->window); if (item->type == GDK_WINDOW_QUEUE_ANTIEXPOSE) gdk_region_destroy (item->u.antiexpose.area); g_free (item); g_slist_free_1 (tmp_link); } } clip_region = gdk_region_rectangle (&impl->position_info.clip_rect); gdk_region_intersect (invalidate_region, clip_region); if (!gdk_region_empty (invalidate_region)) gdk_window_invalidate_region (window, invalidate_region, FALSE); gdk_region_destroy (invalidate_region); gdk_region_destroy (clip_region); } static void gdk_window_tmp_unset_bg (GdkWindow *window) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; obj = (GdkWindowObject *) window; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); impl->position_info.no_bg = TRUE; if (obj->bg_pixmap != GDK_NO_BG) XSetWindowBackgroundPixmap (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window), None); } static void gdk_window_tmp_reset_bg (GdkWindow *window) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; obj = (GdkWindowObject *) window; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); impl->position_info.no_bg = FALSE; if (obj->bg_pixmap == GDK_NO_BG) return; if (obj->bg_pixmap) { Pixmap xpixmap; if (obj->bg_pixmap == GDK_PARENT_RELATIVE_BG) xpixmap = ParentRelative; else xpixmap = GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (obj->bg_pixmap); XSetWindowBackgroundPixmap (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window), xpixmap); } else { XSetWindowBackground (GDK_DRAWABLE_XDISPLAY (window), GDK_DRAWABLE_XID (window), obj->bg_color.pixel); } } static void gdk_window_clip_changed (GdkWindow *window, GdkRectangle *old_clip, GdkRectangle *new_clip) { GdkWindowImplX11 *impl; GdkWindowObject *obj; GdkRegion *old_clip_region; GdkRegion *new_clip_region; if (((GdkWindowObject *)window)->input_only) return; obj = (GdkWindowObject *) window; impl = GDK_WINDOW_IMPL_X11 (obj->impl); old_clip_region = gdk_region_rectangle (old_clip); new_clip_region = gdk_region_rectangle (new_clip); /* Trim invalid region of window to new clip rectangle */ if (obj->update_area) gdk_region_intersect (obj->update_area, new_clip_region); /* Invalidate newly exposed portion of window */ gdk_region_subtract (new_clip_region, old_clip_region); if (!gdk_region_empty (new_clip_region)) { gdk_window_tmp_unset_bg (window); gdk_window_invalidate_region (window, new_clip_region, FALSE); } gdk_region_destroy (new_clip_region); gdk_region_destroy (old_clip_region); }