forked from AuroraMiddleware/gtk
665 lines
27 KiB
XML
665 lines
27 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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]>
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<refentry id="gtk-building">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>Compiling the GTK+ libraries</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>GTK Library</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>Compiling the GTK+ Libraries</refname>
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<refpurpose>
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How to compile GTK+ itself
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</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 id="overview">
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<title>Building GTK+ on UNIX-like systems</title>
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<para>
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This chapter covers building and installing GTK+ on UNIX and
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UNIX-like systems such as Linux. Compiling GTK+ on Microsoft
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Windows is different in detail and somewhat more difficult to
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get going since the necessary tools aren't included with
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the operating system.
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</para>
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<para>
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Before we get into the details of how to compile GTK+, we should
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mention that in many cases, binary packages of GTK+ prebuilt for
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your operating system will be available, either from your
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operating system vendor or from independent sources. If such a
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set of packages is available, installing it will get you
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programming with GTK+ much faster than building it yourself. In
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fact, you may well already have GTK+ installed on your system
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already.
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</para>
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<para>
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On UNIX-like systems GTK+ uses the standard GNU build system,
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using <application>autoconf</application> for package
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configuration and resolving portability issues,
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<application>automake</application> for building makefiles that
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comply with the GNU Coding Standards, and
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<application>libtool</application> for building shared libraries
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on multiple platforms.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you are building GTK+ from the distributed source packages,
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then you won't need these tools installed; the necessary pieces
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of the tools are already included in the source packages. But
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it's useful to know a bit about how packages that use these
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tools work. A source package is distributed as a
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<literal>tar.bz2</literal> or <literal>tar.xz</literal> file
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which you unpack into a directory full of the source files as follows:
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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tar xvfj gtk+-3.2.0.tar.bz2
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tar xvfJ gtk+-3.2.0.tar.xz
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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In the toplevel directory that is created, there will be
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a shell script called <filename>configure</filename> which
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you then run to take the template makefiles called
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<filename>Makefile.in</filename> in the package and create
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makefiles customized for your operating system.
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The <filename>configure</filename> script can be passed
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various command line arguments to determine how the package
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is built and installed. The most commonly useful argument is
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the <systemitem>--prefix</systemitem> argument which
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determines where the package is installed. To install a package
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in <filename>/opt/gtk</filename> you would run configure as:
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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./configure --prefix=/opt/gtk
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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A full list of options can be found by running
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<filename>configure</filename> with the
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<systemitem>--help</systemitem> argument. In general, the defaults are
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right and should be trusted. After you've run
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<filename>configure</filename>, you then run the
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<command>make</command> command to build the package and install
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it.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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make
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make install
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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If you don't have permission to write to the directory you are
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installing in, you may have to change to root temporarily before
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running <literal>make install</literal>. Also, if you are
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installing in a system directory, on some systems (such as
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Linux), you will need to run <command>ldconfig</command> after
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<literal>make install</literal> so that the newly installed
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libraries will be found.
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</para>
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<para>
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Several environment variables are useful to pass to set before
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running configure. <envar>CPPFLAGS</envar> contains options to
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pass to the C compiler, and is used to tell the compiler where
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to look for include files. The <envar>LDFLAGS</envar> variable
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is used in a similar fashion for the linker. Finally the
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<envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> environment variable contains
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a search path that <command>pkg-config</command> (see below)
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uses when looking for files describing how to compile
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programs using different libraries. If you were installing GTK+
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and it's dependencies into <filename>/opt/gtk</filename>, you
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might want to set these variables as:
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/gtk/include"
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LDFLAGS="-L/opt/gtk/lib"
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PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig"
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export CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS PKG_CONFIG_PATH
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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You may also need to set the <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar>
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environment variable so the systems dynamic linker can find
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the newly installed libraries, and the <envar>PATH</envar>
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environment program so that utility binaries installed by
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the various libraries will be found.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib"
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PATH="/opt/gtk/bin:$PATH"
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export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
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</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="dependencies">
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<title>Dependencies</title>
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<para>
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Before you can compile the GTK+ widget toolkit, you need to have
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various other tools and libraries installed on your
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system. The two tools needed during the build process (as
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differentiated from the tools used in when creating GTK+
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mentioned above such as <application>autoconf</application>)
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are <command>pkg-config</command> and GNU make.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink
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url="http://pkg-config.freedesktop.org">pkg-config</ulink>
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is a tool for tracking the compilation flags needed for
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libraries that are used by the GTK+ libraries. (For each
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library, a small <literal>.pc</literal> text file is installed
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in a standard location that contains the compilation flags
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needed for that library along with version number information.)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The GTK+ makefiles will mostly work with different versions
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of <command>make</command>, however, there tends to be
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a few incompatibilities, so the GTK+ team recommends
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installing <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/make">GNU
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make</ulink> if you don't already have it on your system
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and using it. (It may be called <command>gmake</command>
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rather than <command>make</command>.)
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Some of the libraries that GTK+ depends on are maintained by
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by the GTK+ team: GLib, GdkPixbuf, Pango, ATK and GObject Introspection.
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Other libraries are maintained separately.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The GLib library provides core non-graphical functionality
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such as high level data types, Unicode manipulation, and
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an object and type system to C programs. It is available
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from the <ulink url="http://ftp.gtk.org/pub/glib/">GTK+
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FTP site</ulink> or
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<ulink url="http://download.gnome.org/sources/glib/">here</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="http://git.gnome.org/browse/gdk-pixbuf/">GdkPixbuf library</ulink>
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provides facilities for loading images in a variety of file formats.
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It is available
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<ulink url="http://download.gnome.org/sources/gdk-pixbuf/">here</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://www.pango.org">Pango</ulink> is a library
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for internationalized text handling. It is available
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<ulink url="http://download.gnome.org/sources/pango/">here</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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ATK is the Accessibility Toolkit. It provides a set of generic
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interfaces allowing accessibility technologies such as
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screen readers to interact with a graphical user interface.
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It is available
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<ulink url="http://download.gnome.org/sources/atk/">here</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://live.gnome.org/GObjectIntrospection">Gobject Introspection</ulink>
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is a framework for making introspection data available to
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language bindings. It is available
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<ulink url="http://download.gnome.org/sources/gobject-introspection/">here</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<title>External dependencies</title>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/">GNU
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libiconv library</ulink> is needed to build GLib if your
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system doesn't have the <function>iconv()</function>
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function for doing conversion between character
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encodings. Most modern systems should have
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<function>iconv()</function>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The libintl library from the <ulink
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url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/">GNU gettext
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package</ulink> is needed if your system doesn't have the
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<function>gettext()</function> functionality for handling
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message translation databases.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The libraries from the X window system are needed to build
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Pango and GTK+. You should already have these installed on
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your system, but it's possible that you'll need to install
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the development environment for these libraries that your
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operating system vendor provides.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="http://www.fontconfig.org">fontconfig</ulink>
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library provides Pango with a standard way of locating
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fonts and matching them against font names.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://www.cairographics.org">Cairo</ulink>
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is a graphics library that supports vector graphics and image
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compositing. Both Pango and GTK+ use cairo for all of their
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drawing.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy">libepoxy</ulink>
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is a library that abstracts the differences between different
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OpenGL libraries. GTK+ uses it for cross-platform GL support.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="http://wayland.freedesktop.org">Wayland</ulink> libraries
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are needed to build GTK+ with the Wayland backend.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/shared-mime-info">shared-mime-info</ulink>
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package is not a hard dependency of GTK+, but it contains definitions
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for mime types that are used by GIO and, indirectly, by GTK+.
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gdk-pixbuf will use GIO for mime type detection if possible. For this
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to work, shared-mime-info needs to be installed and
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<envar>XDG_DATA_DIRS</envar> set accordingly at configure time.
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Otherwise, gdk-pixbuf falls back to its built-in mime type detection.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="building">
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<title>Building and testing GTK+</title>
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<para>
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First make sure that you have the necessary external
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dependencies installed: <command>pkg-config</command>, GNU make,
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the JPEG, PNG, and TIFF libraries, FreeType, and, if necessary,
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libiconv and libintl. To get detailed information about building
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these packages, see the documentation provided with the
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individual packages.
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On a Linux system, it's quite likely you'll have all of these
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installed already except for <command>pkg-config</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Then build and install the GTK+ libraries in the order:
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GLib, Pango, ATK, then GTK+. For each library, follow the
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steps of <literal>configure</literal>, <literal>make</literal>,
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<literal>make install</literal> mentioned above. If you're
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lucky, this will all go smoothly, and you'll be ready to
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<link linkend="gtk-compiling">start compiling your own GTK+
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applications</link>. You can test your GTK+ installation
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by running the <command>gtk3-demo</command> program that
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GTK+ installs.
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</para>
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<para>
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If one of the <filename>configure</filename> scripts fails or running
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<command>make</command> fails, look closely at the error
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messages printed; these will often provide useful information
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as to what went wrong. When <filename>configure</filename>
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fails, extra information, such as errors that a test compilation
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ran into, is found in the file <filename>config.log</filename>.
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Looking at the last couple of hundred lines in this file will
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frequently make clear what went wrong. If all else fails, you
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can ask for help on the gtk-list mailing list.
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See <xref linkend="gtk-resources"/> for more information.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="extra-configuration-options">
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<title>Extra Configuration Options</title>
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<para>
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In addition to the normal options, the
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<command>configure</command> script for the GTK+ library
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supports a number of additional arguments. (Command line
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arguments for the other GTK+ libraries are described in
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the documentation distributed with the those libraries.)
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>configure</command>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-modules</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-modules</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg>--with-included-immodules=MODULE1,MODULE2,...</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-debug=[no/minimum/yes]</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-Bsymbolic</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-Bsymbolic</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-xkb</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-xkb</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-xinerama</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-xinerama</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-gtk-doc</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-gtk-doc</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-cups</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-cups</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-papi</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-papi</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-xinput</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-xinput</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-packagekit</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-packagekit</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-x11-backend</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-x11-backend</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-win32-backend</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-win32-backend</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-quartz-backend</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-quartz-backend</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-broadway-backend</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-broadway-backend</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-wayland-backend</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-wayland-backend</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-introspection=[no/auto/yes]</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-gtk2-dependency</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-gtk2-dependency</arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain">--enable-installed-tests</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">--disable-installed-tests</arg>
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</group>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</para>
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|
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<formalpara>
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<title><systemitem>--disable-modules</systemitem> and
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<systemitem>--enable-modules</systemitem></title>
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<para>
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Normally GTK+ will try to build the input method modules
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as little shared libraries that are loaded on demand.
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The <systemitem>--disable-modules</systemitem> argument
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indicates that they should all be built statically
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into the GTK+ library instead. This is useful for
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people who need to produce statically-linked binaries.
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If neither <systemitem>--disable-modules</systemitem> nor
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<systemitem>--enable-modules</systemitem> is specified,
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then the <command>configure</command> script will try to
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auto-detect whether shared modules work on your system.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
|
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|
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<formalpara>
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<title><systemitem>--with-included-immodules</systemitem></title>
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<para>
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This option allows you to specify which input method modules you
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want to include directly into the GTK+ shared library, as opposed
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to building them as loadable modules.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
|
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|
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<formalpara>
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<title><systemitem>--enable-debug</systemitem></title>
|
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|
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<para>
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Turns on various amounts of debugging support. Setting this to
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'no' disables g_assert(), g_return_if_fail(), g_return_val_if_fail() and all cast checks between different object types. Setting it
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to 'minimum' disables only cast checks. Setting it to 'yes' enables
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<link linkend="GTK-Debug-Options">runtime debugging</link>.
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The default is 'minimum'.
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Note that 'no' is fast, but dangerous as it tends to destabilize
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even mostly bug-free software by changing the effect of many bugs
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from simple warnings into fatal crashes. Thus
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<option>--enable-debug=no</option> should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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be used for stable releases of GTK+.
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</para>
|
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</formalpara>
|
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|
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<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-Bsymbolic</systemitem> and
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<systemitem>--enable-Bsymbolic</systemitem></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The option <systemitem>--disable-Bsymbolic</systemitem>
|
|
turns off the use of the -Bsymbolic-functions linker flag.
|
|
This is only necessary if you want to override GTK+ functions
|
|
by using <envar>LD_PRELOAD</envar>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-explicit-deps</systemitem></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If <systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> is
|
|
specified then GTK+ will write the full set of libraries
|
|
that GTK+ depends upon into its <literal>.pc</literal> files to be used when
|
|
programs depending on GTK+ are linked. Otherwise, GTK+
|
|
only will include the GTK+ libraries themselves, and
|
|
will depend on system library dependency facilities to
|
|
bring in the other libraries.
|
|
By default GTK+ will disable explicit dependencies unless
|
|
it detects that they are needed on the system. (If you
|
|
specify <systemitem>--enable-static</systemitem> to force
|
|
building of static libraries, then explicit dependencies
|
|
will be written since library dependencies don't work
|
|
for static libraries.) Specifying
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-explicit-deps</systemitem> or
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-static</systemitem> can cause
|
|
compatibility
|
|
problems when libraries that GTK+ depends upon change
|
|
their versions, and should be avoided if possible.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-xkb</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-xkb</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
|
|
to auto-detect whether the XKB extension is supported by
|
|
the X libraries GTK+ is linked with.
|
|
These options can be used to explicitly control whether
|
|
GTK+ will support the XKB extension.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-xinerama</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-xinerama</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
|
|
to link against the Xinerama libraries if they are found.
|
|
These options can be used to explicitly control whether
|
|
Xinerama should be used.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-xinput</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-xinput</systemitem></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Controls whether GTK+ is built with support for the XInput
|
|
or XInput2 extension. These extensions provide an extended
|
|
interface to input devices such as graphics tablets.
|
|
When this support is compiled in, specially written
|
|
GTK+ programs can get access to subpixel positions,
|
|
multiple simultaneous input devices, and extra "axes"
|
|
provided by the device such as pressure and tilt
|
|
information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-gtk-doc</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-gtk-doc</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>gtk-doc</application> package is
|
|
used to generate the reference documentation included
|
|
with GTK+. By default support for <application>gtk-doc</application>
|
|
is disabled because it requires various extra dependencies
|
|
to be installed. If you have
|
|
<application>gtk-doc</application> installed and
|
|
are modifying GTK+, you may want to enable
|
|
<application>gtk-doc</application> support by passing
|
|
in <systemitem>--enable-gtk-doc</systemitem>. If not
|
|
enabled, pre-generated HTML files distributed with GTK+
|
|
will be installed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-cups</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-cups</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
|
|
to build the cups print backend if the cups libraries are found.
|
|
These options can be used to explicitly control whether
|
|
the cups print backend should be built.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-papi</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-papi</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
|
|
to build the papi print backend if the papi libraries are found.
|
|
These options can be used to explicitly control whether
|
|
the papi print backend should be built.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--disable-packagekit</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-packagekit</systemitem></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default the <command>configure</command> script will try
|
|
to build the PackageKit support for the open-with dialog if
|
|
the PackageKit libraries are found.
|
|
These options can be used to explicitly control whether
|
|
PackageKit support should be built.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--enable-x11-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-x11-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-win32-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-win32-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-quartz-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-quartz-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-broadway-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-broadway-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>--enable-wayland-backend</systemitem>, and
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-wayland-backend</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Enables specific backends for GDK. If none of these options
|
|
are given, the x11 backend will be enabled by default,
|
|
unless the platform is Windows, in which case the default is
|
|
win32. If any backend is explicitly enabled or disabled, no
|
|
other platform will be enabled automatically. Other
|
|
supported backends are the quartz backend for OS X.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--enable-introspection</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Build with or without introspection support.
|
|
The default is 'auto'.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--enable-gtk2-dependency</systemitem> or
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-gtk2-dependency</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Whether to rely on an exiting gtk-update-icon-cache utility
|
|
instead of building our own. Distributions which are shipping
|
|
both GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3 may want to use this option to
|
|
avoid file conflicts between these packages.
|
|
The default is to build gtk-update-icon-cache.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>--enable-installed-tests</systemitem> or
|
|
<systemitem>--disable-installed-tests</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Whether to install tests on the system. If enabled, tests
|
|
and their data are installed in <filename>${libexecdir}/gtk+/installed-tests</filename>.
|
|
Metadata for the tests is installed in <filename>${prefix}/share/installed-tests/gtk+</filename>.
|
|
To run the installed tests, gnome-desktop-testing-runner
|
|
can be used.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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