forked from AuroraMiddleware/gtk
399 lines
16 KiB
XML
399 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude'">
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]>
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<chapter id="gtk-migrating-3-to-4">
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<title>Migrating from GTK+ 3.x to GTK+ 4</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 is a major new version of GTK+ that breaks both API and ABI
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compared to GTK+ 3.x. Thankfully, most of the changes are not hard
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to adapt to and there are a number of steps that you can take to
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prepare your GTK+ 3.x application for the switch to GTK+ 4. After
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that, there's a small number of adjustments that you may have to do
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when you actually switch your application to build against GTK+ 4.
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</para>
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<section>
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<title>Preparation in GTK+ 3.x</title>
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<para>
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The steps outlined in the following sections assume that your
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application is working with GTK+ 3.22, which is the final stable
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release of GTK+ 3.x. It includes all the necessary APIs and tools
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to help you port your application to GTK+ 4. If you are still using
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an older version of GTK+ 3.x, you should first get your application
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to build and work with the latest minor release in the 3.22 series.
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</para>
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<section>
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<title>Do not use deprecated symbols</title>
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<para>
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Over the years, a number of functions, and in some cases, entire
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widgets have been deprecated. These deprecations are clearly spelled
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out in the API reference, with hints about the recommended replacements.
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The API reference for GTK+ 3 also includes an
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<ulink url="https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/3.22/api-index-deprecated.html">index</ulink> of all deprecated symbols.
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</para>
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<para>
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To verify that your program does not use any deprecated symbols,
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you can use defines to remove deprecated symbols from the header files,
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as follows:
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<programlisting>
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make CFLAGS+="-DGDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED -DGTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED"
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that some parts of our API, such as enumeration values, are
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not well covered by the deprecation warnings. In most cases, using
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them will require you to also use deprecated functions, which will
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trigger warnings.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Do not use widget style properties</title>
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<para>
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Style properties do not exist in GTK+ 4. You should stop using them in
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your custom CSS and in your code.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Review your window creation flags</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 removes the GDK_WA_CURSOR flag. Instead, just use
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gdk_window_set_cursor() to set a cursor on the window after
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creating it.
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</para>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 also removes the GDK_WA_VISUAL flag, and always uses
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an RGBA visual for windows. To prepare your code for this,
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use gdk_window_set_visual (gdk_screen_get_rgba_visual ()) after
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creating your window.
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</para>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 also removes the GDK_WA_WMCLASS flag. If you need this
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X11-specific functionality, use XSetClassHint() directly.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using non-RGBA visuals</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 always uses RGBA visuals for its windows; you should make
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sure that your code works with that.
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</para>
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<para>
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At the same time, you should stop using GdkVisual APIs, this object
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not longer exist in GTK+ 4. Most of its APIs are deprecated already
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and not useful when dealing with RGBA visuals.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using GtkBox:padding, GtkBox:fill and GtkBox:expand</title>
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<para>
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GTK+4 removes these #GtkBox child properties, so you should not use them.
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You can replace GtkBox:padding using the #GtkWidget:margin properties
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on your #GtkBox child widgets.
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</para>
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<para>
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The fill child property can be replaced by setting appropriate values
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for the #GtkWidget:halign and #GtkWidget:valign properties of the child
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widgets. If you previously set the fill child property to %TRUE, you can
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achieve the same effect by setting the halign or valign properties to
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%GTK_ALIGN_FILL, depending on the parent box -- halign for a horizontal
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box, valign for a vertical one.
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</para>
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<para>
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#GtkBox also uses the expand child property. It can be replaced by setting
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#GtkWidget:hexpand or #GtkWidget:vexpand on the child widgets. To match the
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old behavior of the #GtkBox's expand child property, you need to set
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#GtkWidget:hexpand on the child widgets of a horizontal #GtkBox and
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#GtkWidget:vexpand on the child widgets of a vertical #GtkBox.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that there's a subtle but important difference between #GtkBox's
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expand and fill child properties and the ones in #GtkWidget: setting
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#GtkWidget:hexpand or #GtkWidget:vexpand to %TRUE will propagate up
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the widget hierarchy, so a pixel-perfect port might require you to reset
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the expansion flags to %FALSE in a parent widget higher up the hierarchy.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using the state argument of GtkStyleContext getters</title>
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<para>
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The getters in the GtkStyleContext API, such as
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gtk_style_context_get_property(), gtk_style_context_get(),
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or gtk_style_context_get_color() only accept the context's current
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state for their state argument. You should update all callers to pass
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the current state.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using gdk_pixbuf_get_from_window() and gdk_cairo_set_source_window()</title>
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<para>
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These functions are not supported in GTK+ 4. Instead, either use backend-specific
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APIs, or render your widgets using gtk_widget_render().
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Changes that need to be done at the time of the switch</title>
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<para>
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This section outlines porting tasks that you need to tackle when
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you get to the point that you actually build your application against
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GTK+ 4. Making it possible to prepare for these in GTK+ 3 would
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have been either impossible or impractical.
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</para>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using GdkScreen</title>
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<para>
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The GdkScreen object has been removed in GTK+ 4. Most of its APIs already
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had replacements in GTK+ 3 and were deprecated, a few remaining replacements
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have been added to GdkDisplay.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using the root window</title>
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<para>
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The root window is an X11-centric concept that is no longer exposed in the
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backend-neutral GDK API. gdk_window_get_parent() will return %NULL for toplevel
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windows. If you need to interact with the X11 root window, you can use
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gdk_x11_display_get_xrootwindow() to get its XID.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using GdkDeviceManager</title>
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<para>
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The GdkDeviceManager object has been removed in GTK+ 4. Most of its APIs already
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had replacements in GTK+ 3 and were deprecated in favor of GdkSeat.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to GdkWindow API changes</title>
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<para>
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The gdk_window_new() function has been replaced by a number of more
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specialized constructors: gdk_window_new_toplevel(), gdk_window_new_popup(),
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gdk_window_new_temp(), gdk_window_new_child(), gdk_window_new_input(),
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gdk_wayland_window_new_subsurface(). Use the appropriate ones to create
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your windows.
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</para>
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<para>
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Native and foreign subwindows are no longer supported. These concepts were
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complicating the code and could not be supported across backends.
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</para>
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<para>
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gdk_window_reparent() is no longer available.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop accessing GdkEvent fields</title>
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<para>
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Direct access to GdkEvent structs is no longer possible in GTK+ 4. Some
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frequently-used fields already had accessors in GTK+ 3, and the remaining
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fields have gained accessors in GTK+ 4.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to GtkStyleContext API changes</title>
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<para>
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The getters in the GtkStyleContext API, such as
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gtk_style_context_get_property(), gtk_style_context_get(),
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or gtk_style_context_get_color() have lost their state argument,
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and always use the context's current state. Update all callers
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to omit the state argument.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to GtkCssProvider API changes</title>
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<para>
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In GTK+ 4, the various #GtkCssProvider load functions have lost
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their #GError argument. If you want to handle CSS loading errors,
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use the #GtkCssProvider::parsing-error signal instead.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using GtkContainer::border-width</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ 4 has removed the #GtkContainer::border-width property.
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Use other means to influence the spacing of your containers,
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such as the CSS margin and padding properties on child widgets.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to GtkWidget's size request changes</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ 3 used five different virtual functions in GtkWidget to
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implement size requisition, namely the gtk_widget_get_preferred_width()
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family of functions. To simplify widget implementations, GTK+4 uses
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only one virtual function, GtkWidgetClass::measure() that widgets
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have to implement.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Switch to GtkWidget's children APIs</title>
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<para>
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Instead of the GtkContainer subclass, in GTK+ 4, any widget can
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have children, and there is new API to navigate the widget tree:
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gtk_widget_get_first_child(), gtk_widget_get_last_child(),
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gtk_widget_get_next_sibling(), gtk_widget_get_prev_sibling().
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The GtkContainer API still works, but if you are implementing
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your own widgets, you should consider using the new APIs.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Don't use -gtk-gradient in your CSS</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ now supports standard CSS syntax for both linear and radial
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gradients, just use those.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Don't use -gtk-icon-effect in your CSS</title>
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<para>
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GTK+ now supports a more versatile -gtk-icon-filter instead. Replace
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-gtk-icon-effect: dim; with -gtk-icon-filter: opacity(0.5); and
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-gtk-icon-effect: hilight; with -gtk-icon-filter: brightness(1.2);.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Use gtk_widget_measure</title>
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<para>
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gtk_widget_measure replaces the various gtk_widget_get_preferred_ functions
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for querying sizes.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to drawing model changes</title>
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<para>
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This area has seen the most radical changes in the transition from GTK+ 3
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to GTK+ 4. Widgets no longer use a draw() function to render their contents
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to a cairo surface. Instead, they have a snapshot() function that creates
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one or more GskRenderNodes to represent their content. Third-party widgets
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that use a draw() function or a #GtkWidget::draw signal handler for custom
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drawing will need to be converted to use gtk_snapshot_append_cairo().
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</para>
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<para>
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The auxiliary #GtkSnapshot object has APIs to help with creating render
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nodes.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you are using a #GtkDrawingArea for custom drawing, you need to switch
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to using gtk_drawing_area_set_draw_func() to set a draw function. This is
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pretty much a direct replacement for a #GtkWidget::draw signal handler.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop using APIs to query GdkWindows</title>
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<para>
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A number of APIs for querying special-purpose windows have been removed,
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since these windows are no longer publically available:
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gtk_tree_view_get_bin_window(), gtk_viewport_get_bin_window(),
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gtk_viewport_get_view_window().
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to changes in animated hiding and showing of widgets</title>
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<para>
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Widgets that appear and disappear with an animation, such as GtkPopover,
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GtkInfoBar, GtkRevealer no longer use gtk_widget_show() and gtk_widget_hide()
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for this, but have gained dedicated APIs for this purpose that you should
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use.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Stop passing commandline arguments to gtk_init()</title>
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<para>
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The gtk_init() and gtk_init_check() functions no longer accept commandline
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arguments. Just call them without arguments. Other initialization functions
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that were purely related to commandline argument handling, such as
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gtk_parse_args() and gtk_get_option_group(), are gone. The APIs to
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initialize GDK separately are also gone, but it is very unlikely
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that you are affected by that.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>GdkPixbuf is deemphasized</title>
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<para>
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A number of GdkPixbuf-based APIs have been removed. The available replacements
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are either using cairo_surface_t or the newly introduced GdkTexture class
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instead.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you are still dealing with pixbufs, you will likely want to use
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gdk_texture_new_for_pixbuf() to convert them to texture objects where needed.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>GtkWidget event signals are deemphasized</title>
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<para>
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GtkGesture classes have already been introduced in GTK+ 3 to handle input for
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many cases. In GTK+ 4, even more are available, such as GtkEventControllerScroll.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>The gtk_window_fullscreen_on_monitor() API has changed</title>
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<para>
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Instead of a monitor number, it now takes a GdkMonitor argument.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to cursor API changes</title>
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<para>
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Use the new gtk_widget_set_cursor() function to set cursors, instead of
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setting the cursor on the underlying window directly. This is necessary
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because most widgets don't have their own window anymore, turning any
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such calls into global cursor changes.
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</para>
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<para>
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For creating standard cursors, gdk_cursor_new_for_display() has been removed,
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you have to use cursor names instead of GdkCursorType. For creating custom cursors,
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use gdk_cursor_new_from_texture(). The ability to get cursor images has been removed.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Adapt to icon-size API changes</title>
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<para>
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Instead of the existing extensible set of symbolic icon sizes, GTK+ now only
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supports normal and large icons. The actual sizes can be defined by themes via
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the CSS property -gtk-icon-size.
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</para>
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<para>
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The GtkCellRendererPixbuf::stock-size property has been renamed to ::icon-size.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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