forked from AuroraMiddleware/gtk
467 lines
19 KiB
XML
467 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
]>
|
|
<refentry id="gtk-building">
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>Compiling the GTK+ libraries</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
|
|
<refmiscinfo>GTK Library</refmiscinfo>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>Compiling the GTK+ Libraries</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>
|
|
How to compile GTK+ itself
|
|
</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
<refsect1 id="overview">
|
|
<title>Building GTK+</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Before we get into the details of how to compile GTK+, we should
|
|
mention that in many cases, binary packages of GTK+ prebuilt for
|
|
your operating system will be available, either from your
|
|
operating system vendor or from independent sources. If such a
|
|
set of packages is available, installing it will get you
|
|
programming with GTK+ much faster than building it yourself. In
|
|
fact, you may well already have GTK+ installed on your system
|
|
already.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In order to build GTK+, you will need <application>meson</application>
|
|
installed on your system. On Linux, and other UNIX-like operating
|
|
systems, you will also need <application>ninja</application>. This
|
|
guide does not cover how to install these two requirements, but you
|
|
can refer to the <ulink url="http://mesonbuild.com">Meson website</ulink>
|
|
for more information. The <ulink url="https://ninja-build.org">Ninja</ulink>
|
|
build tool is also usable on various operating systems, so we will
|
|
refer to it in the examples.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are building GTK+ from a source distribution or from a Git
|
|
clone, you will need to use <application>meson</application> to
|
|
configure the project. The most commonly useful argument is the
|
|
<systemitem>--prefix</systemitem> one, which determines where the
|
|
files will go once installed. To install GTK+ under a prefix
|
|
like <filename>/opt/gtk</filename> you would run Meson as:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
meson --prefix /opt/gtk builddir
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Meson will create the <filename>builddir</filename> directory and
|
|
place all the build artefacts there.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can get a list of all available options for the build by
|
|
running <application>meson configure</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
After Meson successfully configured the build directory, you then
|
|
can run the build, using Ninja:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
cd builddir
|
|
ninja
|
|
ninja install
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you don't have permission to write to the directory you are
|
|
installing in, you may have to change to root temporarily before
|
|
running <literal>ninja install</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Several environment variables are useful to pass to set before
|
|
running configure. <envar>CPPFLAGS</envar> contains options to
|
|
pass to the C compiler, and is used to tell the compiler where
|
|
to look for include files. The <envar>LDFLAGS</envar> variable
|
|
is used in a similar fashion for the linker. Finally the
|
|
<envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> environment variable contains
|
|
a search path that <command>pkg-config</command> (see below)
|
|
uses when looking for files describing how to compile
|
|
programs using different libraries. If you were installing GTK+
|
|
and it's dependencies into <filename>/opt/gtk</filename>, you
|
|
might want to set these variables as:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/gtk/include"
|
|
LDFLAGS="-L/opt/gtk/lib"
|
|
PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib/pkgconfig"
|
|
export CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS PKG_CONFIG_PATH
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You may also need to set the <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar>
|
|
environment variable so the systems dynamic linker can find
|
|
the newly installed libraries, and the <envar>PATH</envar>
|
|
environment program so that utility binaries installed by
|
|
the various libraries will be found.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/gtk/lib"
|
|
PATH="/opt/gtk/bin:$PATH"
|
|
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
<refsect1 id="dependencies">
|
|
<title>Dependencies</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Before you can compile the GTK+ widget toolkit, you need to have
|
|
various other tools and libraries installed on your
|
|
system. Dependencies of GTK+ have their own build systems, so
|
|
you will need to refer to their own installation instructions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A particular important tool used by GTK+ to find its dependencies
|
|
is <application>pkg-config</application>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/">pkg-config</ulink>
|
|
is a tool for tracking the compilation flags needed for
|
|
libraries that are used by the GTK+ libraries. (For each
|
|
library, a small <literal>.pc</literal> text file is installed
|
|
in a standard location that contains the compilation flags
|
|
needed for that library along with version number information.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Some of the libraries that GTK+ depends on are maintained by
|
|
by the GTK+ team: GLib, GdkPixbuf, Pango, ATK and GObject Introspection.
|
|
Other libraries are maintained separately.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The GLib library provides core non-graphical functionality
|
|
such as high level data types, Unicode manipulation, and
|
|
an object and type system to C programs. It is available
|
|
from <ulink url="https://download.gnome.org/sources/glib/">here</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <ulink url="https://git.gnome.org/browse/gdk-pixbuf/">GdkPixbuf library</ulink>
|
|
provides facilities for loading images in a variety of file formats.
|
|
It is available <ulink url="https://download.gnome.org/sources/gdk-pixbuf/">here</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.pango.org">Pango</ulink> is a library
|
|
for internationalized text handling. It is available
|
|
<ulink url="https://download.gnome.org/sources/pango/">here</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
ATK is the Accessibility Toolkit. It provides a set of generic
|
|
interfaces allowing accessibility technologies such as
|
|
screen readers to interact with a graphical user interface.
|
|
It is available
|
|
<ulink url="https://download.gnome.org/sources/atk/">here</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GObjectIntrospection">Gobject Introspection</ulink>
|
|
is a framework for making introspection data available to
|
|
language bindings. It is available
|
|
<ulink url="https://download.gnome.org/sources/gobject-introspection/">here</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<title>External dependencies</title>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/">GNU
|
|
libiconv library</ulink> is needed to build GLib if your
|
|
system doesn't have the <function>iconv()</function>
|
|
function for doing conversion between character
|
|
encodings. Most modern systems should have
|
|
<function>iconv()</function>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The libintl library from the <ulink
|
|
url="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/">GNU gettext
|
|
package</ulink> is needed if your system doesn't have the
|
|
<function>gettext()</function> functionality for handling
|
|
message translation databases.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The libraries from the X window system are needed to build
|
|
Pango and GTK+. You should already have these installed on
|
|
your system, but it's possible that you'll need to install
|
|
the development environment for these libraries that your
|
|
operating system vendor provides.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/fontconfig/">fontconfig</ulink>
|
|
library provides Pango with a standard way of locating
|
|
fonts and matching them against font names.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="https://www.cairographics.org">Cairo</ulink>
|
|
is a graphics library that supports vector graphics and image
|
|
compositing. Both Pango and GTK+ use Cairo for drawing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy">libepoxy</ulink>
|
|
is a library that abstracts the differences between different
|
|
OpenGL libraries. GTK+ uses it for cross-platform GL support
|
|
and for its own drawing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy">Graphene</ulink>
|
|
is a library that provides vector and matrix types for 2D and
|
|
3D transformations. GTK+ uses it internally for drawing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <ulink url="https://wayland.freedesktop.org">Wayland</ulink> libraries
|
|
are needed to build GTK+ with the Wayland backend.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/shared-mime-info">shared-mime-info</ulink>
|
|
package is not a hard dependency of GTK+, but it contains definitions
|
|
for mime types that are used by GIO and, indirectly, by GTK+.
|
|
gdk-pixbuf will use GIO for mime type detection if possible. For this
|
|
to work, shared-mime-info needs to be installed and
|
|
<envar>XDG_DATA_DIRS</envar> set accordingly at configure time.
|
|
Otherwise, gdk-pixbuf falls back to its built-in mime type detection.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
<refsect1 id="building">
|
|
<title>Building and testing GTK+</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
First make sure that you have the necessary external
|
|
dependencies installed: <command>pkg-config</command>, Meson, Ninja,
|
|
the JPEG, PNG, and TIFF libraries, FreeType, and, if necessary,
|
|
libiconv and libintl. To get detailed information about building
|
|
these packages, see the documentation provided with the
|
|
individual packages. On any average Linux system, it's quite likely
|
|
you'll have all of these installed already, or they will be easily
|
|
accessible through your operating system package repositories.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Then build and install the GTK+ libraries in the order:
|
|
GLib, Cairo, Pango, ATK, then GTK+. For each library, follow the
|
|
instructions they provide, and make sure to share common settings
|
|
between them and the GTK+ build; if you are using a separate prefix
|
|
for GTK+, for instance, you will need to use the same prefix for all
|
|
its dependencies you build. If you're lucky, this will all go smoothly,
|
|
and you'll be ready to <link linkend="gtk-compiling">start compiling
|
|
your own GTK+ applications</link>. You can test your GTK+ installation
|
|
by running the <command>gtk4-demo</command> program that
|
|
GTK+ installs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If one of the projects you're configuring or building fails, look
|
|
closely at the error messages printed; these will often provide useful
|
|
information as to what went wrong. Every build system has its own
|
|
log that can help you understand the issue you're encountering. If all
|
|
else fails, you can ask for help on the gtk-list mailing list.
|
|
See <xref linkend="gtk-resources"/> for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
<refsect1 id="extra-configuration-options">
|
|
<title>Extra Configuration Options</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
In addition to the normal options provided by Meson, GTK+ defines
|
|
various arguments that modify what should be built.
|
|
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>meson</command>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dx11-backend=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dx11-backend=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dwayland-backend=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dwayland-backend=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dbroadway-backend=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dbroadway-backend=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dwin32-backend=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dwin32-backend=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dquartz-backend=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dquartz-backend=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dmedia=gstreamer</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dmedia=ffmpeg</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dmedia=all</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dmedia=none</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dvulkan=yes</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dvulkan=no</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dvulkan=auto</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dxinerama=yes</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dxinerama=no</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dxinerama=auto</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dcloudproviders=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dcloudproviders=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dprint-backends=all</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dprint-backends=none</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dprint-backends=cups,lpr,...</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dcolord=yes</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dcolord=no</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dcolord=auto</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Ddocumentation=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Ddocumentation=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dman-pages=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dman-pages=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
<sbr/>
|
|
<group>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dintrospection=true</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="plain">-Dintrospection=false</arg>
|
|
</group>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>xinerama</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default GTK+ will try to link against the Xinerama libraries
|
|
if they are found. This options can be used to explicitly control
|
|
whether Xinerama should be used.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>documentation</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>man-pages</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <application>gtk-doc</application> package is
|
|
used to generate the reference documentation included
|
|
with GTK+. By default support for <application>gtk-doc</application>
|
|
is disabled because it requires various extra dependencies
|
|
to be installed. If you have
|
|
<application>gtk-doc</application> installed and
|
|
are modifying GTK+, you may want to enable
|
|
<application>gtk-doc</application> support by passing
|
|
in <systemitem>documentation</systemitem>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Additionally, some tools provided by GTK+ have their own
|
|
manual pages generated using a similar set of dependencies;
|
|
if you have <application>xsltproc</application> then you
|
|
can generate manual pages by passing <systemitem>man-pages</systemitem>
|
|
when configuring the build.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>print-backends</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default, GTK+ will try to build various print backends if
|
|
their dependencies are found. This option can be used to
|
|
explicitly control which print backends should be built.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>x11-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>win32-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>quartz-backend</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>broadway-backend</systemitem> and
|
|
<systemitem>wayland-backend</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Enable specific backends for GDK. If none of these options
|
|
are given, the Wayland backend will be enabled by default,
|
|
if the platform is Linux; the X11 backend will also be enabled
|
|
by default, unless the platform is Windows, in which case the
|
|
default is win32, or the platform is macOS, in which case the
|
|
default is quartz. If any backend is explicitly enabled or disabled,
|
|
no other platform will be enabled automatically.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>introspection</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Allows to disable building introspection support. This is option
|
|
is mainly useful for shortening turnaround times on developer
|
|
systems. Installed builds of GTK+ should always have introspection
|
|
support.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
<formalpara>
|
|
<title><systemitem>build-tests</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>install-tests</systemitem>,
|
|
<systemitem>demos</systemitem></title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default, GTK+ will build quite a few tests and demos.
|
|
While these are useful on a developer system, they are not
|
|
needed when GTK+ is built e.g. for a flatpak runtime. These
|
|
options allow to disable building tests and demos.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</formalpara>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Local Variables: -->
|
|
<!-- sgml-parent-document: ("gtk-docs.sgml" "chapter" "refentry") -->
|
|
<!-- End: -->
|