forked from AuroraMiddleware/gtk
158 lines
4.7 KiB
XML
158 lines
4.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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]>
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<refentry id="gtk-x11">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>Using GTK on the X Window System</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>GTK Library</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>Using GTK on the X Window System</refname>
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<refpurpose>
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X11-specific aspects of using GTK
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</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>GTK for the X Window System</title>
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<para>
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On UNIX, the X backend is the default build for GTK.
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So you don't need to do anything special when compiling it,
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and everything should "just work."
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</para>
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<para>
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To mix low-level Xlib routines into a GTK program,
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see <link linkend="gdk-X-Window-System-Interaction">GDK X Window
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System interaction</link> in the GDK manual.
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</para>
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<refsect2 id="x11-cmdline">
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<title>X11-specific commandline options</title>
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<para>
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The X backend understands some additional command line arguments.
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</para>
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<formalpara>
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<title><systemitem>--display <replaceable>display</replaceable></systemitem></title>
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<para>
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The name of the X display to open instead of the one specified
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in the <envar>DISPLAY</envar> environment variable.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2 id="x11-envar">
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<title>X11-specific environment variables</title>
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<para>
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The X11 GDK backend can be influenced with some additional environment variables.
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</para>
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<formalpara>
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<title><envar>GDK_SYNCHRONIZE</envar></title>
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<para>
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If set, GDK makes all X requests synchronously. This is a useful
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option for debugging, but it will slow down the performance considerably.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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<formalpara>
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<title><envar>GDK_SCALE</envar></title>
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<para>
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Must be set to an integer, typically 2. If set, GDK will scale all
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windows by the specified factor. Scaled output is meant to be used on
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high-dpi displays. Normally, GDK will pick up a suitable scale factor
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for each monitor from the display system. This environment variable
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allows to override that.
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</para>
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</formalpara>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="gtk-X11-arch">
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<title>Understanding the X11 architecture</title>
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<para>
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People coming from a Windows or MacOS background often find certain
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aspects of the X Window System surprising. This section introduces
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some basic X concepts at a high level. For more details, the book most
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people use is called the <citetitle pubwork="book">Xlib Programming
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Manual</citetitle> by Adrian Nye; this book is volume one in the
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O'Reilly X Window System series.
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</para>
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<para>
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Standards are another important resource if you're poking in low-level
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X11 details, in particular the ICCCM and the Extended Window Manager
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Hints specifications. <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/">freedesktop.org</ulink>
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has links to many relevant specifications.
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</para>
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<para>
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The GDK manual covers <link
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linkend="gdk-X-Window-System-Interaction">using Xlib in a GTK
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program</link>.
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</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Server, client, window manager</title>
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<para>
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Other window systems typically put all their functionality in the
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application itself. With X, each application involves three different
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programs: the <firstterm>X server</firstterm>, the application (called
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a <firstterm>client</firstterm> because it's a client of the X
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server), and a special client called the <firstterm>window
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manager</firstterm>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The X server is in charge of managing resources, processing drawing
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requests, and dispatching events such as keyboard and mouse events to
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interested applications. So client applications can ask the X server
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to create a window, draw a circle, or move windows around.
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</para>
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<para>
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The window manager is in charge of rendering the frame or borders
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around windows; it also has final say on the size of each window,
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and window states such as minimized, maximized, and so forth.
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On Windows and MacOS the application handles most of this.
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On X11, if you wish to modify the window's state, or
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change its frame, you must ask the window manager to do so on your
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behalf, using an established <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/">convention</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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GTK has functions for asking the window manager to do various things;
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see for example <link
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linkend="gtk-window-iconify">gtk_window_iconify()</link> or <link
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linkend="gtk-window-maximize">gtk_window_maximize()</link> or <link
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linkend="gtk-window-set-decorated">gtk_window_set_decorated()</link>.
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Keep in mind that most window managers <emphasis>will</emphasis> ignore
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certain requests from time to time, in the interests of good user interface.
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</para>
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<!--
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May also want to explain DESKTOP_STARTUP_ID here.
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http://www.freedesktop.org/Standards/startup-notification-spec
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-->
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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