gtk2/docs/reference/gtk/running.sgml
Benjamin Otte 69644993f6 gsk: Improve GSK_RENDERER behavior
1. Include the broadway renderer (so we can test it properly fails on
   Wayland or X11)
2. List all potential renderers, print useful information when Vulkan
   is not compiled in instea dof omitting it
3. Improve docs
2018-05-07 16:45:32 +02:00

585 lines
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
]>
<refentry id="gtk-running">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>Running GTK+ Applications</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>GTK Library</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Running GTK+ Applications</refname>
<refpurpose>
How to run and debug your GTK+ application
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Running and debugging GTK+ Applications</title>
<refsect2>
<title>Environment variables</title>
<para>
GTK+ inspects a number of environment variables in addition to standard
variables like <envar>LANG</envar>, <envar>PATH</envar>, <envar>HOME</envar>
or <envar>DISPLAY</envar>; mostly to determine paths to look for certain
files. The <link linkend="x11-envar">X11</link>,
<link linkend="win32-envar">Windows</link> and
<link linkend="broadway-envar">Broadway</link> GDK backends use some
additional environment variables.
</para>
<formalpara id="GTK-Debug-Options">
<title><envar>GTK_DEBUG</envar></title>
<para>
Unless GTK+ has been configured with <option>--enable-debug=no</option>,
this variable can be set to a list of debug options, which cause GTK+
to print out different types of debugging information.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>actions</term>
<listitem><para>Actions and menu models</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>builder</term>
<listitem><para>GtkBuilder support</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>geometry</term>
<listitem><para>Size allocation</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>icontheme</term>
<listitem><para>Icon themes</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>keybindings</term>
<listitem><para>Keybindings</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>modules</term>
<listitem><para>Loading of modules</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>printing</term>
<listitem><para>Printing support</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>size-request</term>
<listitem><para>Size requests</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>text</term>
<listitem><para>Text widget internals</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>tree</term>
<listitem><para>Tree widget internals</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
A number of keys are influencing behavior instead of just logging:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>interactive</term>
<listitem><para>Open the <link linkend="interactive-debugging">interactive debugger</link></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>no-css-cache</term>
<listitem><para>Bypass caching for CSS style properties</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>touchscreen</term>
<listitem><para>Pretend the pointer is a touchscreen device</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>baselines</term>
<listitem><para>Show baselines</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>updates</term>
<listitem><para>Visual feedback about window updates</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>resize</term>
<listitem><para>Highlight resizing widgets</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>layout</term>
<listitem><para>Show layout borders</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>snapshot</term>
<listitem><para>Include debug render nodes in the generated snapshots</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
The special value <literal>all</literal> can be used to turn on all
debug options. The special value <literal>help</literal> can be used
to obtain a list of all supported debug options.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara id="gtk-path">
<title><envar>GTK_PATH</envar></title>
<para>
Specifies a list of directories to search when GTK+ is looking for
dynamically loaded objects such as input method
modules and print backends. If the path to
the dynamically loaded object is given as an absolute path name,
then GTK+ loads it directly.
Otherwise, GTK+ goes in turn through the directories in <envar>GTK_PATH</envar>,
followed by the directory <filename>.gtk-4.0</filename> in the user's
home directory, followed by the system default directory,
which is <filename><replaceable>libdir</replaceable>/gtk-4.0/modules</filename>.
(If <envar>GTK_EXE_PREFIX</envar> is defined, <replaceable>libdir</replaceable> is
<filename>$GTK_EXE_PREFIX/lib</filename>. Otherwise it is the libdir
specified when GTK+ was configured, usually
<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, or
<filename>/usr/local/lib</filename>.)
For each directory in this list, GTK+ actually looks in a
subdirectory
<filename><replaceable>directory</replaceable>/<replaceable>version</replaceable>/<replaceable>host</replaceable>/<replaceable>type</replaceable></filename>
Where <replaceable>version</replaceable> is derived from the
version of GTK+ (use <literal>pkg-config
--variable=gtk_binary_version gtk+-3.0</literal> to determine this from a
script), <replaceable>host</replaceable> is the architecture on
which GTK+ was built. (use <literal>pkg-config
--variable=gtk_host gtk+-3.0</literal> to determine this from a
script), and <replaceable>type</replaceable> is a directory
specific to the type of modules; currently it can be
<literal>modules</literal>, <literal>engines</literal>,
<literal>immodules</literal>, <literal>filesystems</literal> or
<literal>printbackends</literal>, corresponding to the types of
modules mentioned above. Either <replaceable>version</replaceable>,
<replaceable>host</replaceable>, or both may be omitted. GTK+ looks
first in the most specific directory, then in directories with
fewer components.
The components of GTK_PATH are separated by the ':' character on
Linux and Unix, and the ';' character on Windows.
</para>
<warning>
Note that this environment variable is read by GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x too,
which makes it unsuitable for setting it system-wide (or session-wide),
since doing so will cause applications using different GTK+ versions
to see incompatible modules.
</warning>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GTK_IM_MODULE</envar></title>
<para>
Specifies an IM module to use in preference to the one determined
from the locale. If this isn't set and you are running on the system
that enables <literal>XSETTINGS</literal> and has a value in
<literal>Gtk/IMModule</literal>, that will be used for the default
IM module.
This also can be a colon-separated list of input-methods, which
GTK+ will try in turn until it finds one available on the system.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GTK_EXE_PREFIX</envar></title>
<para>
If set, GTK+ uses <filename>$GTK_EXE_PREFIX/lib</filename> instead of
the libdir configured when GTK+ was compiled.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GTK_DATA_PREFIX</envar></title>
<para>
If set, makes GTK+ use <filename>$GTK_DATA_PREFIX</filename>
instead of the prefix configured when GTK+ was compiled.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GTK_THEME</envar></title>
<para>
If set, makes GTK+ use the named theme instead of the theme
that is specified by the gtk-theme-name setting. This is intended
mainly for easy debugging of theme issues.
</para>
<para>
It is also possible to specify a theme variant to load, by appending
the variant name with a colon, like this: `GTK_THEME=Adwaita:dark`.
</para>
</formalpara>
<para>
The following environment variables are used by GdkPixbuf, GDK or
Pango, not by GTK+ itself, but we list them here for completeness
nevertheless.
</para>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE</envar></title>
<para>
Specifies the file listing the GdkPixbuf loader modules to load.
This environment variable overrides the default value
<filename><replaceable>libdir</replaceable>/gtk-4.0/4.0.0/loaders.cache</filename>
(<replaceable>libdir</replaceable> is the sysconfdir specified when
GTK+ was configured, usually <filename>/usr/local/lib</filename>.)
</para>
<para>
The <filename>loaders.cache</filename> file is generated by the
<command>gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders</command> utility.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara id="GDK-Debug-Options">
<title><envar>GDK_DEBUG</envar></title>
<para>
If GTK+ has been configured with <option>--enable-debug=yes</option>,
this variable can be set to a list of debug options, which cause GDK
to print out different types of debugging information.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>cursor</term>
<listitem><para>Information about cursor objects (only win32)</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>eventloop</term>
<listitem><para>Information about event loop operation (mostly Quartz)</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>misc</term>
<listitem><para>Miscellaneous information</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>frames</term>
<listitem><para>Information about the frame clock</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>settings</term>
<listitem><para>Information about xsettings</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>selection</term>
<listitem><para>Information about selections</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>clipboard</term>
<listitem><para>Information about clipboards</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>dnd</term>
<listitem><para>Information about drag-and-drop</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>opengl</term>
<listitem><para>Information about OpenGL</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan</term>
<listitem><para>Information about Vulkan</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
A number of options affect behavior instead of logging:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>nograbs</term>
<listitem><para>Turn off all pointer and keyboard grabs</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl-disable</term>
<listitem><para>Disable OpenGL support</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl-software</term>
<listitem><para>Force OpenGL software rendering</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl-texture-rect</term>
<listitem><para>Use the OpenGL texture rectangle extension, if available</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl-legacy</term>
<listitem><para>Use a legacy OpenGL context</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl-gles</term>
<listitem><para>Use a GLES OpenGL context</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan-disable</term>
<listitem><para>Disable Vulkan support</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan-validate</term>
<listitem><para>Load the Vulkan validation layer, if available</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
The special value <literal>all</literal> can be used to turn on all
debug options. The special value <literal>help</literal> can be used
to obtain a list of all supported debug options.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara id="GSK-Debug-Options">
<title><envar>GSK_DEBUG</envar></title>
<para>
If GTK+ has been configured with <option>--enable-debug=yes</option>,
this variable can be set to a list of debug options, which cause GSK
to print out different types of debugging information.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>renderer</term>
<listitem><para>General renderer information</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>cairo</term>
<listitem><para>cairo renderer information</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>opengl</term>
<listitem><para>OpenGL renderer information</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>shaders</term>
<listitem><para>Shaders</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>ssurface</term>
<listitem><para>Surfaces</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan</term>
<listitem><para>Vulkan renderer information</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>fallback</term>
<listitem><para>Information about fallbacks</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>glyphcache</term>
<listitem><para>Information about glyph caching</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
A number of options affect behavior instead of logging:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>diff</term>
<listitem><para>Show differences</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>geometry</term>
<listitem><para>Show borders</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>full-redraw</term>
<listitem><para>Force full redraws for every frame</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>sync</term>
<listitem><para>Sync after each frame</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan-staging-image</term>
<listitem><para>Use a staging image for Vulkan texture upload</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan-staging-buffer</term>
<listitem><para>Use a staging buffer for Vulkan texture upload</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
The special value <literal>all</literal> can be used to turn on all
debug options. The special value <literal>help</literal> can be used
to obtain a list of all supported debug options.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GDK_BACKEND</envar></title>
<para>
If set, selects the GDK backend to use. Selecting a backend requires that
GTK+ is compiled with support for that backend. The following backends can
be selected, provided they are included in the GDK libraries you are using:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>quartz</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the native Quartz backend</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>win32</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the native backend for Microsoft Windows</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>x11</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the native backend for connecting to X11 servers.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>broadway</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the Broadway backend for display in web browsers</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>wayland</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the Wayland backend for connecting to Wayland display servers</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>mir</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the Mir backend for connecting to Mir display servers</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
Since 3.10, this environment variable can contain a comma-separated list
of backend names, which are tried in order. The list may also contain
a *, which means: try all remaining backends. The special value "help" can
be used to make GDK print out a list of all available backends.
For more information about selecting backends, see the gdk_display_manager_get() function.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GDK_VULKAN_DEVICE</envar></title>
<para>
This variable can be set to the index of a Vulkan device to override the
default selection of the device that is used for Vulkan rendering.
The special value <literal>list</literal> can be used to obtain a list
of all Vulkan devices.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GSK_RENDERER</envar></title>
<para>
If set, selects the GSK renderer to use. The following renderers can
be selected, provided they are included in the GTK library you are using
and the GDK backend supports them:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>help</term>
<listitem><para>Prints information about available options</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>broadway</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the Broadway-backend specific renderer</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>cairo</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the fallback Cairo renderer</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>gl</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the default OpenGL renderer</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>vulkan</term>
<listitem><para>Selects the Vulkan renderer</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>GTK_CSD</envar></title>
<para>
The default value of this environment variable is 1. If changed to 0, this
disables the default use of client-side decorations on GTK+ windows, thus
making the window manager responsible for drawing the decorations of
windows that do not have a custom titlebar widget.
</para>
<para>
CSD is always used for windows with a custom titlebar widget set, as the WM
should not draw another titlebar or other decorations around the custom one.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>XDG_DATA_HOME</envar>, <envar>XDG_DATA_DIRS</envar></title>
<para>
GTK+ uses these environment variables to locate icon themes
and MIME information. For more information, see
<ulink url="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/icon-theme-spec">Icon Theme Specification</ulink>,
the <ulink url="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/shared-mime-info-spec">Shared MIME-info Database</ulink>
and the <ulink url="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/basedir-spec">Base Directory Specification</ulink>.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title><envar>DESKTOP_STARTUP_ID</envar></title>
<para>
GTK+ uses this environment variable to provide startup notification
according to the <ulink url="https://standards.freedesktop.org/startup-notification-spec/startup-notification-latest.txt">Startup Notification Spec</ulink>.
Following the specification, GTK+ unsets this variable after reading
it (to keep it from leaking to child processes). So, if you need its
value for your own purposes, you have to read it before calling
gtk_init().
</para>
</formalpara>
</refsect2>
<refsect2 id="interactive-debugging">
<title>Interactive debugging</title>
<inlinegraphic fileref="inspector.png" format="PNG"></inlinegraphic>
<para>
GTK+ includes an interactive debugger, called the GTK+ Inspector, which
lets you explore the widget tree of any GTK+ application at runtime, as
well as tweak the theme and trigger visual debugging aids. You can
easily try out changes at runtime before putting them into the code.
</para>
<para>
Note that the GTK+ inspector can only show GTK+ internals. It can not
understand the application-specific logic of a GTK+ application. Also,
the fact that the GTK+ inspector is running in the application process
limits what it can do. It is meant as a complement to full-blown debuggers
and system tracing facilities such as DTrace, not as a replacement.
</para>
<para>
To enable the GTK+ inspector, you can use the Control-Shift-I or
Control-Shift-D keyboard shortcuts, or set the
<envar>GTK_DEBUG=interactive</envar> environment variable.
</para>
<para>
There are a few more environment variables that can be set to influence
how the inspector renders its UI. <envar>GTK_INSPECTOR_DISPLAY</envar> and
<envar>GTK_INSPECTOR_RENDERER</envar> determine the GDK display and
the GSK renderer that the inspector is using.
</para>
<para>
In some situations, it may be inappropriate to give users access to the
GTK+ inspector. The keyboard shortcuts can be disabled with the
`enable-inspector-keybinding` key in the `org.gtk.Settings.Debug`
GSettings schema.
</para>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
</refentry>