gtk2/docs/reference/gdk/tmpl/pango_interaction.sgml

<!-- ##### SECTION Title ##### -->
Pango Interaction

<!-- ##### SECTION Short_Description ##### -->
Using Pango in GDK

<!-- ##### SECTION Long_Description ##### -->
<para>
Pango is the text layout system used by GDK and GTK+. The functions
and types in this section are used to render Pango objects to GDK.
drawables, and also extend the set of Pango attributes to include
stippling and embossing.
</para>
<para>
Creating a #PangoLayout object is the first step in rendering text,
and requires getting a handle to a #PangoContext. For GTK+ programs,
you'll usually want to use gtk_widget_get_pango_context(), or
gtk_widget_create_pango_layout(), rather than using the lowlevel
gdk_pango_context_get_for_screen(). Once you have a #PangoLayout, you
can set the text and attributes of it with Pango functions like
pango_layout_set_text() and get its size with pango_layout_get_size().
(Note that Pango uses a fixed point system internally, so converting
between Pango units and pixels using <link
linkend="PANGO-SCALE-CAPS">PANGO_SCALE</link> or the PANGO_PIXELS() macro.)
</para>
<para>
Rendering a Pango layout is done most simply with gdk_draw_layout();
you can also draw pieces of the layout with gdk_draw_layout() or
gdk_draw_glyphs(). #GdkPangoRenderer is a subclass of #PangoRenderer
that is used internally to implement these functions. Using it
directly or subclassing it can be useful in some cases. See the
#GdkPangoRenderer documentation for details.
</para>
<example id="rotated-example">
<title>Using #GdkPangoRenderer to draw transformed text</title>
<!-- Note that this example is basically the same as
     demos/gtk-demo/rotated_text.c -->
<programlisting>
#define RADIUS 100
#define N_WORDS 10
#define FONT "Sans Bold 18"
  
GdkScreen *screen = gdk_drawable_get_screen (drawable);
PangoRenderer *renderer;
GdkGC *gc;

PangoMatrix matrix = PANGO_MATRIX_INIT;
PangoContext *context;
PangoLayout *layout;
PangoFontDescription *desc;

double device_radius;
int width, height;
int i;

/* Get the default renderer for the screen, and set it up for drawing  */
renderer = gdk_pango_renderer_get_default (screen);
gdk_pango_renderer_set_drawable (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer), drawable);

gc = gdk_gc_new (drawable);
gdk_pango_renderer_set_gc (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer), gc);

/* Set up a transformation matrix so that the user space coordinates for
 * where we are drawing are [-RADIUS, RADIUS], [-RADIUS, RADIUS]
 * We first center, then change the scale */
gdk_drawable_get_size (drawable, &amp;width, &amp;height);
device_radius = MIN (width, height) / 2.;

pango_matrix_translate (&amp;matrix,
                        device_radius + (width - 2 * device_radius) / 2,
                        device_radius + (height - 2 * device_radius) / 2);
pango_matrix_scale (&amp;matrix, device_radius / RADIUS, device_radius / RADIUS);

/* Create a PangoLayout, set the font and text */
context = gdk_pango_context_get_for_screen (screen);
layout = pango_layout_new (context);
pango_layout_set_text (layout, "Text", -1);
desc = pango_font_description_from_string (FONT);
pango_layout_set_font_description (layout, desc);
pango_font_description_free (desc);

/* Draw the layout N_WORDS times in a circle */
for (i = 0; i &lt; N_WORDS; i++)
  {
    GdkColor color;
    PangoMatrix rotated_matrix = matrix;
    int width, height;
    double angle = (360. * i) / N_WORDS;

    /* Gradient from red at angle == 60 to blue at angle == 300 */
    color.red   = 65535 * (1 + cos ((angle - 60) * M_PI / 180.)) / 2;
    color.green = 0;
    color.blue  = 65535  - color.red;
    
    gdk_pango_renderer_set_override_color (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer),
                                           PANGO_RENDER_PART_FOREGROUND, &amp;color);
                                             
    pango_matrix_rotate (&amp;rotated_matrix, angle);

    pango_context_set_matrix (context, &amp;rotated_matrix);
    
    /* Inform Pango to re-layout the text with the new transformation matrix */
    pango_layout_context_changed (layout);
    
    pango_layout_get_size (layout, &amp;width, &amp;height);
    pango_renderer_draw_layout (renderer, layout,
                                - width / 2, - RADIUS * PANGO_SCALE);
  }

/* Clean up default renderer, since it is shared */
gdk_pango_renderer_set_override_color (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer),
                                       PANGO_RENDER_PART_FOREGROUND, NULL);
gdk_pango_renderer_set_drawable (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer), NULL);
gdk_pango_renderer_set_gc (GDK_PANGO_RENDERER (renderer), NULL);

/* free the objects we created */
g_object_unref (layout);
g_object_unref (context);
g_object_unref (gc);
</programlisting>
</example>
<figure>
  <title>Output of <xref linkend="rotated-example"/></title>
  <graphic fileref="rotated-text.png" format="PNG"/>
</figure>

<!-- ##### SECTION See_Also ##### -->
<para>

</para>

<!-- ##### STRUCT GdkPangoRenderer ##### -->
<para>

</para>


<!-- ##### ARG GdkPangoRenderer:screen ##### -->
<para>

</para>

<!-- ##### STRUCT GdkPangoRendererClass ##### -->
<para>

</para>


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_new ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@screen: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_get_default ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@screen: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_set_drawable ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@gdk_renderer: 
@drawable: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_set_gc ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@gdk_renderer: 
@gc: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_set_stipple ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@gdk_renderer: 
@part: 
@stipple: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_renderer_set_override_color ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@gdk_renderer: 
@part: 
@color: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_context_get ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_context_get_for_screen ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@screen: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_context_set_colormap ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@context: 
@colormap: 


<!-- ##### STRUCT GdkPangoAttrEmbossed ##### -->
<para>
A Pango text attribute containing a embossed bitmap to be used when
rendering the text.
</para>

@attr: the #PangoAttribute.
@embossed: the embossed bitmap.

<!-- ##### STRUCT GdkPangoAttrStipple ##### -->
<para>
A Pango text attribute containing a stipple bitmap to be used when
rendering the text.
</para>

@attr: the #PangoAttribute.
@stipple: the stipple bitmap.

<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_attr_embossed_new ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@embossed: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_attr_stipple_new ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@stipple: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_layout_get_clip_region ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@layout: 
@x_origin: 
@y_origin: 
@index_ranges: 
@n_ranges: 
@Returns: 


<!-- ##### FUNCTION gdk_pango_layout_line_get_clip_region ##### -->
<para>

</para>

@line: 
@x_origin: 
@y_origin: 
@index_ranges: 
@n_ranges: 
@Returns: