diff --git a/scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py b/scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py
index 73890f81a..1bd011fe2 100644
--- a/scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py
+++ b/scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py
@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ class KeyType:
         `self.name`.
         """
 
+    def is_public(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the key type is for public keys."""
+        return self.name.endswith('_PUBLIC_KEY')
+
     ECC_KEY_SIZES = {
         'PSA_ECC_FAMILY_SECP_K1': (192, 224, 256),
         'PSA_ECC_FAMILY_SECP_R1': (225, 256, 384, 521),
@@ -242,8 +246,17 @@ class AlgorithmCategory(enum.Enum):
     PAKE = 10
 
     def requires_key(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether operations in this category are set up with a key."""
         return self not in {self.HASH, self.KEY_DERIVATION}
 
+    def is_asymmetric(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether operations in this category involve asymmetric keys."""
+        return self in {
+            self.SIGN,
+            self.ASYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION,
+            self.KEY_AGREEMENT
+        }
+
 
 class AlgorithmNotRecognized(Exception):
     def __init__(self, expr: str) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/scripts/generate_psa_tests.py b/tests/scripts/generate_psa_tests.py
index 81abce7bc..ca94d7d32 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/generate_psa_tests.py
+++ b/tests/scripts/generate_psa_tests.py
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ class OpFail:
         NOT_SUPPORTED = 0
         INVALID = 1
         INCOMPATIBLE = 2
+        PUBLIC = 3
 
     def __init__(self, info: Information) -> None:
         self.constructors = info.constructors
@@ -363,6 +364,8 @@ class OpFail:
             key_material = kt.key_material(kt.sizes_to_test()[0])
             arguments += [key_type, test_case.hex_string(key_material)]
         arguments.append(alg.expression)
+        if category.is_asymmetric():
+            arguments.append('1' if reason == self.Reason.PUBLIC else '0')
         error = ('NOT_SUPPORTED' if reason == self.Reason.NOT_SUPPORTED else
                  'INVALID_ARGUMENT')
         arguments.append('PSA_ERROR_' + error)
@@ -393,13 +396,17 @@ class OpFail:
         """Generate failure test cases for one-key operations with the specified algorithm."""
         for kt in self.key_types:
             key_is_compatible = kt.can_do(alg)
-            # To do: public key for a private key operation
             if key_is_compatible and alg.can_do(category):
                 # Compatible key and operation, unsupported algorithm
                 for dep in automatic_dependencies(alg.base_expression):
                     yield self.make_test_case(alg, category,
                                               self.Reason.NOT_SUPPORTED,
                                               kt=kt, not_deps=frozenset([dep]))
+                # Public key for a private-key operation
+                if category.is_asymmetric() and kt.is_public():
+                    yield self.make_test_case(alg, category,
+                                              self.Reason.PUBLIC,
+                                              kt=kt)
             elif key_is_compatible:
                 # Compatible key, incompatible operation, supported algorithm
                 yield self.make_test_case(alg, category,
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.function
index 4640649e5..4ab8b526d 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.function
@@ -211,7 +211,8 @@ exit:
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
 void sign_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
-                int alg_arg, int expected_status_arg )
+                int alg_arg, int private_only,
+                int expected_status_arg )
 {
     psa_status_t expected_status = expected_status_arg;
     psa_key_type_t key_type = key_type_arg;
@@ -237,10 +238,13 @@ void sign_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
                  psa_sign_hash( key_id, alg,
                                 input, sizeof( input ),
                                 output, sizeof( output ), &length ) );
-    TEST_STATUS( expected_status,
-                 psa_verify_hash( key_id, alg,
-                                  input, sizeof( input ),
-                                  output, sizeof( output ) ) );
+    if( ! private_only )
+    {
+        TEST_STATUS( expected_status,
+                     psa_verify_hash( key_id, alg,
+                                      input, sizeof( input ),
+                                      output, sizeof( output ) ) );
+    }
 
 exit:
     psa_destroy_key( key_id );
@@ -251,7 +255,8 @@ exit:
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
 void asymmetric_encryption_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
-                                 int alg_arg, int expected_status_arg )
+                                 int alg_arg, int private_only,
+                                 int expected_status_arg )
 {
     psa_status_t expected_status = expected_status_arg;
     psa_key_type_t key_type = key_type_arg;
@@ -273,12 +278,15 @@ void asymmetric_encryption_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
                                 key_data->x, key_data->len,
                                 &key_id ) );
 
-    TEST_STATUS( expected_status,
-                 psa_asymmetric_encrypt( key_id, alg,
-                                         plaintext, 1,
-                                         NULL, 0,
-                                         ciphertext, sizeof( ciphertext ),
-                                         &length ) );
+    if( ! private_only )
+    {
+        TEST_STATUS( expected_status,
+                     psa_asymmetric_encrypt( key_id, alg,
+                                             plaintext, 1,
+                                             NULL, 0,
+                                             ciphertext, sizeof( ciphertext ),
+                                             &length ) );
+    }
     TEST_STATUS( expected_status,
                  psa_asymmetric_decrypt( key_id, alg,
                                          ciphertext, sizeof( ciphertext ),
@@ -313,7 +321,8 @@ exit:
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
 void key_agreement_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
-                         int alg_arg, int expected_status_arg )
+                         int alg_arg, int private_only,
+                         int expected_status_arg )
 {
     psa_status_t expected_status = expected_status_arg;
     psa_key_type_t key_type = key_type_arg;
@@ -359,6 +368,9 @@ void key_agreement_fail( int key_type_arg, data_t *key_data,
                      public_key, public_key_length ) );
 #endif
 
+    /* There are no public-key operations. */
+    (void) private_only;
+
 exit:
     psa_key_derivation_abort( &operation );
     psa_destroy_key( key_id );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.misc.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.misc.data
index 8ba6d9477..147c3b76f 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.misc.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_op_fail.misc.data
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ hash_fail:PSA_ALG_ECDSA_ANY:PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
 
 PSA sign RSA_PSS(SHA_256): incompatible key type
 depends_on:PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS:PSA_WANT_ALG_SHA_256:PSA_WANT_KEY_TYPE_AES
-sign_fail:PSA_KEY_TYPE_AES:"48657265006973206b6579a064617461":PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS(PSA_ALG_SHA_256):PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+sign_fail:PSA_KEY_TYPE_AES:"48657265006973206b6579a064617461":PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS(PSA_ALG_SHA_256):0:PSA_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT
 
 PSA sign RSA_PSS(SHA_256): RSA_PSS not enabled, key pair
 depends_on:!PSA_WANT_ALG_RSA_PSS:PSA_WANT_ALG_SHA_256:PSA_WANT_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR
-sign_fail:PSA_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR:"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":PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS(PSA_ALG_SHA_256):PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
+sign_fail:PSA_KEY_TYPE_RSA_KEY_PAIR:"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":PSA_ALG_RSA_PSS(PSA_ALG_SHA_256):0:PSA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED