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recommend using explicit from JSON conversions
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README.md
54
README.md
@ -291,19 +291,17 @@ Note the difference between serialization and assignment:
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// store a string in a JSON value
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// store a string in a JSON value
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json j_string = "this is a string";
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json j_string = "this is a string";
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// retrieve the string value (implicit JSON to std::string conversion)
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// retrieve the string value
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std::string cpp_string = j_string;
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auto cpp_string = j_string.get<std::string>();
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// retrieve the string value (explicit JSON to std::string conversion)
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// retrieve the string value (alternative when an variable already exists)
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auto cpp_string2 = j_string.get<std::string>();
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std::string cpp_string2;
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// retrieve the string value (alternative explicit JSON to std::string conversion)
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j_string.get_to(cpp_string2);
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std::string cpp_string3;
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j_string.get_to(cpp_string3);
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// retrieve the serialized value (explicit JSON serialization)
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// retrieve the serialized value (explicit JSON serialization)
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std::string serialized_string = j_string.dump();
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std::string serialized_string = j_string.dump();
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// output of original string
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// output of original string
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std::cout << cpp_string << " == " << cpp_string2 << " == " << cpp_string3 << " == " << j_string.get<std::string>() << '\n';
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std::cout << cpp_string << " == " << cpp_string2 << " == " << j_string.get<std::string>() << '\n';
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// output of serialized value
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// output of serialized value
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std::cout << j_string << " == " << serialized_string << std::endl;
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std::cout << j_string << " == " << serialized_string << std::endl;
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```
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```
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@ -428,7 +426,7 @@ for (auto& element : j) {
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}
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}
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// getter/setter
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// getter/setter
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const std::string tmp = j[0];
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const auto tmp = j[0].get<std::string>();
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j[1] = 42;
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j[1] = 42;
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bool foo = j.at(2);
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bool foo = j.at(2);
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@ -611,33 +609,38 @@ j_original.merge_patch(j_patch);
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### Implicit conversions
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### Implicit conversions
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The type of the JSON object is determined automatically by the expression to store. Likewise, the stored value is implicitly converted.
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Supported types can be implicitly converted to JSON values.
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It is recommended to **NOT USE** implicit conversions **FROM** a JSON value.
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You can find more details about this recommendation [here](https://www.github.com/nlohmann/issues/958).
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```cpp
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```cpp
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// strings
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// strings
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std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
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std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
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json js = s1;
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json js = s1;
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std::string s2 = js;
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auto s2 = js.get<std::string>();
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// NOT RECOMMENDED
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std::string s3 = js;
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std::string s4;
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s4 = js;
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// Booleans
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// Booleans
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bool b1 = true;
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bool b1 = true;
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json jb = b1;
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json jb = b1;
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bool b2 = jb;
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auto b2 = jb.get<bool>();
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// NOT RECOMMENDED
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bool b3 = jb;
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bool b4;
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b4 = jb;
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// numbers
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// numbers
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int i = 42;
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int i = 42;
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json jn = i;
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json jn = i;
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double f = jn;
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auto f = jn.get<double>();
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// NOT RECOMMENDED
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// etc.
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double f2 = jb;
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```
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double f3;
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f3 = jb;
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You can also explicitly ask for the value:
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```cpp
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std::string vs = js.get<std::string>();
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bool vb = jb.get<bool>();
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int vi = jn.get<int>();
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// etc.
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// etc.
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```
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```
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@ -695,7 +698,7 @@ std::cout << j << std::endl;
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// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}
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// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}
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// conversion: json -> person
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// conversion: json -> person
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ns::person p2 = j;
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auto p2 = j.get<ns::person>();
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// that's it
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// that's it
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assert(p == p2);
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assert(p == p2);
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@ -727,10 +730,9 @@ Likewise, when calling `get<your_type>()` or `get_to(your_type&)`, the `from_jso
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Some important things:
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Some important things:
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* Those methods **MUST** be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace `ns`, where `person` is defined).
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* Those methods **MUST** be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace `ns`, where `person` is defined).
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* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., properly headers must be included) everywhere you use the implicit conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
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* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., properly headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
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* When using `get<your_type>()`, `your_type` **MUST** be [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)
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* When using `get<your_type>()`, `your_type` **MUST** be [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)
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* In function `from_json`, use function [`at()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c.html#a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c) to access the object values rather than `operator[]`. In case a key does not exist, `at` throws an exception that you can handle, whereas `operator[]` exhibits undefined behavior.
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* In function `from_json`, use function [`at()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c.html#a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c) to access the object values rather than `operator[]`. In case a key does not exist, `at` throws an exception that you can handle, whereas `operator[]` exhibits undefined behavior.
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* In case your type contains several `operator=` definitions, code like `your_variable = your_json;` [may not compile](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/667). You need to write `your_variable = your_json.get<decltype(your_variable)>();` or `your_json.get_to(your_variable);` instead.
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* You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like `std::vector`: the library already implements these.
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* You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like `std::vector`: the library already implements these.
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