qt5base-lts/examples/widgets/doc/addressbook.qdoc
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/*!
\example itemviews/addressbook
\title Address Book Example
The address book example shows how to use proxy models to display
different views onto data from a single model.
\image addressbook-example.png Screenshot of the Address Book example
This example provides an address book that allows contacts to be
grouped alphabetically into 9 groups: ABC, DEF, GHI, ... , VW,
..., XYZ. This is achieved by using multiple views on the same
model, each of which is filtered using an instance of the
QSortFilterProxyModel class.
\section1 Overview
The address book contains 5 classes: \c MainWindow,
\c AddressWidget, \c TableModel, \c NewAddressTab and
\c AddDialog. The \c MainWindow class uses \c AddressWidget as
its central widget and provides \uicontrol File and \uicontrol Tools menus.
\image addressbook-classes.png Diagram for Address Book Example
The \c AddressWidget class is a QTabWidget subclass that is used
to manipulate the 10 tabs displayed in the example: the 9
alphabet group tabs and an instance of \c NewAddressTab.
The \c NewAddressTab class is a subclass of QWidget that
is only used whenever the address book is empty, prompting the
user to add some contacts. \c AddressWidget also interacts with
an instance of \c TableModel to add, edit and remove entries to
the address book.
\c TableModel is a subclass of QAbstractTableModel that provides
the standard model/view API to access data. It also holds a
QList of \l{QPair}s corresponding to the contacts added.
However, this data is not all visible in a single tab. Instead,
QTableView is used to provide 9 different views of the same
data, according to the alphabet groups.
QSortFilterProxyModel is the class responsible for filtering
the contacts for each group of contacts. Each proxy model uses
a QRegExp to filter out contacts that do not belong in the
corresponding alphabetical group. The \c AddDialog class is
used to obtain information from the user for the address book.
This QDialog subclass is instantiated by \c NewAddressTab to
add contacts, and by \c AddressWidget to add and edit contacts.
We begin by looking at the \c TableModel implementation.
\section1 TableModel Class Definition
The \c TableModel class provides standard API to access data in
its QList of \l{QPair}s by subclassing QAbstractTableModel. The
basic functions that must be implemented in order to do so are:
\c rowCount(), \c columnCount(), \c data(), \c headerData().
For TableModel to be editable, it has to provide implementations
\c insertRows(), \c removeRows(), \c setData() and \c flags()
functions.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.h 0
Two constructors are used, a default constructor which uses
\c TableModel's own \c {QList<QPair<QString, QString>>} and one
that takes \c {QList<QPair<QString, QString>} as an argument,
for convenience.
\section1 TableModel Class Implementation
We implement the two constructors as defined in the header file.
The second constructor initializes the list of pairs in the
model, with the parameter value.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 0
The \c rowCount() and \c columnCount() functions return the
dimensions of the model. Whereas, \c rowCount()'s value will vary
depending on the number of contacts added to the address book,
\c columnCount()'s value is always 2 because we only need space
for the \b Name and \b Address columns.
\note The \c Q_UNUSED() macro prevents the compiler from
generating warnings regarding unused parameters.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 1
The \c data() function returns either a \b Name or
\b {Address}, based on the contents of the model index
supplied. The row number stored in the model index is used to
reference an item in the list of pairs. Selection is handled
by the QItemSelectionModel, which will be explained with
\c AddressWidget.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 2
The \c headerData() function displays the table's header,
\b Name and \b Address. If you require numbered entries
for your address book, you can use a vertical header which we
have hidden in this example (see the \c AddressWidget
implementation).
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 3
The \c insertRows() function is called before new data is added,
otherwise the data will not be displayed. The
\c beginInsertRows() and \c endInsertRows() functions are called
to ensure all connected views are aware of the changes.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 4
The \c removeRows() function is called to remove data. Again,
\l{QAbstractItemModel::}{beginRemoveRows()} and
\l{QAbstractItemModel::}{endRemoveRows()} are called to ensure
all connected views are aware of the changes.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 5
The \c setData() function is the function that inserts data into
the table, item by item and not row by row. This means that to
fill a row in the address book, \c setData() must be called
twice, as each row has 2 columns. It is important to emit the
\l{QAbstractItemModel::}{dataChanged()} signal as it tells all
connected views to update their displays.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 6
The \c flags() function returns the item flags for the given
index.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 7
We set the Qt::ItemIsEditable flag because we want to allow the
\c TableModel to be edited. Although for this example we don't
use the editing features of the QTableView object, we enable
them here so that we can reuse the model in other programs.
The last function in \c {TableModel}, \c getList() returns the
QList<QPair<QString, QString>> object that holds all the
contacts in the address book. We use this function later to
obtain the list of contacts to check for existing entries, write
the contacts to a file and read them back. Further explanation is
given with \c AddressWidget.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/tablemodel.cpp 8
\section1 AddressWidget Class Definition
The \c AddressWidget class is technically the main class
involved in this example as it provides functions to add, edit
and remove contacts, to save the contacts to a file and to load
them from a file.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.h 0
\c AddressWidget extends QTabWidget in order to hold 10 tabs
(\c NewAddressTab and the 9 alphabet group tabs) and also
manipulates \c table, the \c TableModel object, \c proxyModel,
the QSortFilterProxyModel object that we use to filter the
entries, and \c tableView, the QTableView object.
\section1 AddressWidget Class Implementation
The \c AddressWidget constructor accepts a parent widget and
instantiates \c NewAddressTab, \c TableModel and
QSortFilterProxyModel. The \c NewAddressTab object, which is
used to indicate that the address book is empty, is added
and the rest of the 9 tabs are set up with \c setupTabs().
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 0
The \c setupTabs() function is used to set up the 9 alphabet
group tabs, table views and proxy models in
\c AddressWidget. Each proxy model in turn is set to filter
contact names according to the relevant alphabet group using a
\l{Qt::CaseInsensitive}{case-insensitive} QRegExp object. The
table views are also sorted in ascending order using the
corresponding proxy model's \l{QSortFilterProxyModel::}{sort()}
function.
Each table view's \l{QTableView::}{selectionMode} is set to
QAbstractItemView::SingleSelection and
\l{QTableView::}{selectionBehavior} is set to
QAbstractItemView::SelectRows, allowing the user to select
all the items in one row at the same time. Each QTableView object
is automatically given a QItemSelectionModel that keeps track
of the selected indexes.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 1
The QItemSelectionModel class provides a
\l{QItemSelectionModel::selectionChanged()}{selectionChanged}
signal that is connected to \c{AddressWidget}'s
\c selectionChanged() signal. This signal to signal connection
is necessary to enable the \uicontrol{Edit Entry...} and
\uicontrol{Remove Entry} actions in \c MainWindow's Tools menu. This
connection is further explained in \c MainWindow's
implementation.
Each table view in the address book is added as a tab to the
QTabWidget with the relevant label, obtained from the QStringList
of groups.
\image addressbook-signals.png Signals and Slots Connections
We provide 2 \c addEntry() functions: 1 which is intended to be
used to accept user input, and the other which performs the actual
task of adding new entries to the address book. We divide the
responsibility of adding entries into two parts to allow
\c newAddressTab to insert data without having to popup a dialog.
The first \c addEntry() function is a slot connected to the
\c MainWindow's \uicontrol{Add Entry...} action. This function creates an
\c AddDialog object and then calls the second \c addEntry()
function to actually add the contact to \c table.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 2
Basic validation is done in the second \c addEntry() function to
prevent duplicate entries in the address book. As mentioned with
\c TableModel, this is part of the reason why we require the
getter method \c getList().
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 3
If the model does not already contain an entry with the same name,
we call \c setData() to insert the name and address into the
first and second columns. Otherwise, we display a QMessageBox
to inform the user.
\note The \c newAddressTab is removed once a contact is added
as the address book is no longer empty.
Editing an entry is a way to update the contact's address only,
as the example does not allow the user to change the name of an
existing contact.
Firstly, we obtain the active tab's QTableView object using
QTabWidget::currentWidget(). Then we extract the
\c selectionModel from the \c tableView to obtain the selected
indexes.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 4a
Next we extract data from the row the user intends to
edit. This data is displayed in an instance of \c AddDialog
with a different window title. The \c table is only
updated if changes have been made to data in \c aDialog.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 4b
\image addressbook-editdialog.png Screenshot of Dialog to Edit a Contact
Entries are removed using the \c removeEntry() function.
The selected row is removed by accessing it through the
QItemSelectionModel object, \c selectionModel. The
\c newAddressTab is re-added to the \c AddressWidget only if
the user removes all the contacts in the address book.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 5
The \c writeToFile() function is used to save a file containing
all the contacts in the address book. The file is saved in a
custom \c{.dat} format. The contents of the QList of \l{QPair}s
are written to \c file using QDataStream. If the file cannot be
opened, a QMessageBox is displayed with the related error message.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 6
The \c readFromFile() function loads a file containing all the
contacts in the address book, previously saved using
\c writeToFile(). QDataStream is used to read the contents of a
\c{.dat} file into a list of pairs and each of these is added
using \c addEntry().
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/addresswidget.cpp 7
\section1 NewAddressTab Class Definition
The \c NewAddressTab class provides an informative tab telling
the user that the address book is empty. It appears and
disappears according to the contents of the address book, as
mentioned in \c{AddressWidget}'s implementation.
\image addressbook-newaddresstab.png Screenshot of NewAddressTab
The \c NewAddressTab class extends QWidget and contains a QLabel
and QPushButton.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/newaddresstab.h 0
\section1 NewAddressTab Class Implementation
The constructor instantiates the \c addButton,
\c descriptionLabel and connects the \c{addButton}'s signal to
the \c{addEntry()} slot.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/newaddresstab.cpp 0
The \c addEntry() function is similar to \c AddressWidget's
\c addEntry() in the sense that both functions instantiate an
\c AddDialog object. Data from the dialog is extracted and sent
to \c AddressWidget's \c addEntry() slot by emitting the
\c sendDetails() signal.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/newaddresstab.cpp 1
\image signals-n-slots-aw-nat.png
\section1 AddDialog Class Definition
The \c AddDialog class extends QDialog and provides the user
with a QLineEdit and a QTextEdit to input data into the
address book.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/adddialog.h 0
\image addressbook-adddialog.png
\section1 AddDialog Class Implementation
The \c AddDialog's constructor sets up the user interface,
creating the necessary widgets and placing them into layouts.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/adddialog.cpp 0
To give the dialog the desired behavior, we connect the \uicontrol OK
and \uicontrol Cancel buttons to the dialog's \l{QDialog::}{accept()} and
\l{QDialog::}{reject()} slots. Since the dialog only acts as a
container for name and address information, we do not need to
implement any other functions for it.
\section1 MainWindow Class Definition
The \c MainWindow class extends QMainWindow and implements the
menus and actions necessary to manipulate the address book.
\table
\row \li \inlineimage addressbook-filemenu.png
\li \inlineimage addressbook-toolsmenu.png
\endtable
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.h 0
The \c MainWindow class uses an \c AddressWidget as its central
widget and provides the File menu with \uicontrol Open, \uicontrol Close and
\uicontrol Exit actions, as well as the \uicontrol Tools menu with
\uicontrol{Add Entry...}, \uicontrol{Edit Entry...} and \uicontrol{Remove Entry}
actions.
\section1 MainWindow Class Implementation
The constructor for \c MainWindow instantiates AddressWidget,
sets it as its central widget and calls the \c createMenus()
function.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 0
The \c createMenus() function sets up the \uicontrol File and
\uicontrol Tools menus, connecting the actions to their respective slots.
Both the \uicontrol{Edit Entry...} and \uicontrol{Remove Entry} actions are
disabled by default as such actions cannot be carried out on an empty
address book. They are only enabled when one or more contacts
are added.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 1a
\dots
\codeline
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 1b
Apart from connecting all the actions' signals to their
respective slots, we also connect \c AddressWidget's
\c selectionChanged() signal to its \c updateActions() slot.
The \c openFile() function allows the user to choose a file with
the \l{QFileDialog::getOpenFileName()}{open file dialog}. The chosen
file has to be a custom \c{.dat} file that contains address book
contacts. This function is a slot connected to \c openAct in the
\uicontrol File menu.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 2
The \c saveFile() function allows the user to save a file with
the \l{QFileDialog::getSaveFileName()}{save file dialog}. This function
is a slot connected to \c saveAct in the \uicontrol File menu.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 3
The \c updateActions() function enables and disables
\uicontrol{Edit Entry...} and \uicontrol{Remove Entry} depending on the contents of
the address book. If the address book is empty, these actions
are disabled; otherwise, they are enabled. This function is a slot
is connected to the \c AddressWidget's \c selectionChanged()
signal.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/mainwindow.cpp 4
\section1 main() Function
The main function for the address book instantiates QApplication
and opens a \c MainWindow before running the event loop.
\snippet itemviews/addressbook/main.cpp 0
*/