/* ********************************************************************** * Copyright (C) 1998-2004, International Business Machines * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. ********************************************************************** * * File ustring.h * * Modification History: * * Date Name Description * 12/07/98 bertrand Creation. ****************************************************************************** */ #ifndef USTRING_H #define USTRING_H #include "unicode/utypes.h" #include "unicode/uiter.h" /** Simple declaration for u_strToTitle() to avoid including unicode/ubrk.h. @stable ICU 2.1*/ #ifndef UBRK_TYPEDEF_UBREAK_ITERATOR # define UBRK_TYPEDEF_UBREAK_ITERATOR typedef void UBreakIterator; #endif /** * \file * \brief C API: Unicode string handling functions * * These C API functions provide general Unicode string handling. * * Some functions are equivalent in name, signature, and behavior to the ANSI C * functions. (For example, they do not check for bad arguments like NULL string pointers.) * In some cases, only the thread-safe variant of such a function is implemented here * (see u_strtok_r()). * * Other functions provide more Unicode-specific functionality like locale-specific * upper/lower-casing and string comparison in code point order. * * ICU uses 16-bit Unicode (UTF-16) in the form of arrays of UChar code units. * UTF-16 encodes each Unicode code point with either one or two UChar code units. * (This is the default form of Unicode, and a forward-compatible extension of the original, * fixed-width form that was known as UCS-2. UTF-16 superseded UCS-2 with Unicode 2.0 * in 1996.) * * Some APIs accept a 32-bit UChar32 value for a single code point. * * ICU also handles 16-bit Unicode text with unpaired surrogates. * Such text is not well-formed UTF-16. * Code-point-related functions treat unpaired surrogates as surrogate code points, * i.e., as separate units. * * Although UTF-16 is a variable-width encoding form (like some legacy multi-byte encodings), * it is much more efficient even for random access because the code unit values * for single-unit characters vs. lead units vs. trail units are completely disjoint. * This means that it is easy to determine character (code point) boundaries from * random offsets in the string. * * Unicode (UTF-16) string processing is optimized for the single-unit case. * Although it is important to support supplementary characters * (which use pairs of lead/trail code units called "surrogates"), * their occurrence is rare. Almost all characters in modern use require only * a single UChar code unit (i.e., their code point values are <=0xffff). * * For more details see the User Guide Strings chapter (http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/strings.html). * For a discussion of the handling of unpaired surrogates see also * Jitterbug 2145 and its icu mailing list proposal on 2002-sep-18. */ /** * Determine the length of an array of UChar. * * @param s The array of UChars, NULL (U+0000) terminated. * @return The number of UChars in chars, minus the terminator. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strlen(const UChar *s); /** * Count Unicode code points in the length UChar code units of the string. * A code point may occupy either one or two UChar code units. * Counting code points involves reading all code units. * * This functions is basically the inverse of the U16_FWD_N() macro (see utf.h). * * @param s The input string. * @param length The number of UChar code units to be checked, or -1 to count all * code points before the first NUL (U+0000). * @return The number of code points in the specified code units. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_countChar32(const UChar *s, int32_t length); /** * Check if the string contains more Unicode code points than a certain number. * This is more efficient than counting all code points in the entire string * and comparing that number with a threshold. * This function may not need to scan the string at all if the length is known * (not -1 for NUL-termination) and falls within a certain range, and * never needs to count more than 'number+1' code points. * Logically equivalent to (u_countChar32(s, length)>number). * A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two UChar code units. * * @param s The input string. * @param length The length of the string, or -1 if it is NUL-terminated. * @param number The number of code points in the string is compared against * the 'number' parameter. * @return Boolean value for whether the string contains more Unicode code points * than 'number'. Same as (u_countChar32(s, length)>number). * @stable ICU 2.4 */ U_STABLE UBool U_EXPORT2 u_strHasMoreChar32Than(const UChar *s, int32_t length, int32_t number); /** * Concatenate two ustrings. Appends a copy of src, * including the null terminator, to dst. The initial copied * character from src overwrites the null terminator in dst. * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strcat(UChar *dst, const UChar *src); /** * Concatenate two ustrings. * Appends at most n characters from src to dst. * Adds a terminating NUL. * If src is too long, then only n-1 characters will be copied * before the terminating NUL. * If n<=0 then dst is not modified. * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @param n The maximum number of characters to compare. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strncat(UChar *dst, const UChar *src, int32_t n); /** * Find the first occurrence of a substring in a string. * The substring is found at code point boundaries. * That means that if the substring begins with * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate, * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text. * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against * halves of surrogate pairs. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated). * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of substring in s, * or s itself if the substring is empty, * or NULL if substring is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.0 * * @see u_strrstr * @see u_strFindFirst * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strstr(const UChar *s, const UChar *substring); /** * Find the first occurrence of a substring in a string. * The substring is found at code point boundaries. * That means that if the substring begins with * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate, * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text. * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against * halves of surrogate pairs. * * @param s The string to search. * @param length The length of s (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated. * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated). * @param subLength The length of substring (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated. * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of substring in s, * or s itself if the substring is empty, * or NULL if substring is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strstr * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strFindFirst(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UChar *substring, int32_t subLength); /** * Find the first occurrence of a BMP code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param c The BMP code point to find. * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.0 * * @see u_strchr32 * @see u_memchr * @see u_strstr * @see u_strFindFirst */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strchr(const UChar *s, UChar c); /** * Find the first occurrence of a code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param c The code point to find. * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.0 * * @see u_strchr * @see u_memchr32 * @see u_strstr * @see u_strFindFirst */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c); /** * Find the last occurrence of a substring in a string. * The substring is found at code point boundaries. * That means that if the substring begins with * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate, * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text. * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against * halves of surrogate pairs. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated). * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of substring in s, * or s itself if the substring is empty, * or NULL if substring is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strstr * @see u_strFindFirst * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strrstr(const UChar *s, const UChar *substring); /** * Find the last occurrence of a substring in a string. * The substring is found at code point boundaries. * That means that if the substring begins with * a trail surrogate or ends with a lead surrogate, * then it is found only if these surrogates stand alone in the text. * Otherwise, the substring edge units would be matched against * halves of surrogate pairs. * * @param s The string to search. * @param length The length of s (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated. * @param substring The substring to find (NUL-terminated). * @param subLength The length of substring (number of UChars), or -1 if it is NUL-terminated. * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of substring in s, * or s itself if the substring is empty, * or NULL if substring is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strstr * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strFindLast(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UChar *substring, int32_t subLength); /** * Find the last occurrence of a BMP code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param c The BMP code point to find. * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strrchr32 * @see u_memrchr * @see u_strrstr * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strrchr(const UChar *s, UChar c); /** * Find the last occurrence of a code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (NUL-terminated). * @param c The code point to find. * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strrchr * @see u_memchr32 * @see u_strrstr * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strrchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c); /** * Locates the first occurrence in the string string of any of the characters * in the string matchSet. * Works just like C's strpbrk but with Unicode. * * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated. * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points * for which to search in the text string. * @return A pointer to the character in string that matches one of the * characters in matchSet, or NULL if no such character is found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strpbrk(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet); /** * Returns the number of consecutive characters in string, * beginning with the first, that do not occur somewhere in matchSet. * Works just like C's strcspn but with Unicode. * * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated. * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points * for which to search in the text string. * @return The number of initial characters in string that do not * occur in matchSet. * @see u_strspn * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strcspn(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet); /** * Returns the number of consecutive characters in string, * beginning with the first, that occur somewhere in matchSet. * Works just like C's strspn but with Unicode. * * @param string The string in which to search, NUL-terminated. * @param matchSet A NUL-terminated string defining a set of code points * for which to search in the text string. * @return The number of initial characters in string that do * occur in matchSet. * @see u_strcspn * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strspn(const UChar *string, const UChar *matchSet); /** * The string tokenizer API allows an application to break a string into * tokens. Unlike strtok(), the saveState (the current pointer within the * original string) is maintained in saveState. In the first call, the * argument src is a pointer to the string. In subsequent calls to * return successive tokens of that string, src must be specified as * NULL. The value saveState is set by this function to maintain the * function's position within the string, and on each subsequent call * you must give this argument the same variable. This function does * handle surrogate pairs. This function is similar to the strtok_r() * the POSIX Threads Extension (1003.1c-1995) version. * * @param src String containing token(s). This string will be modified. * After the first call to u_strtok_r(), this argument must * be NULL to get to the next token. * @param delim Set of delimiter characters (Unicode code points). * @param saveState The current pointer within the original string, * which is set by this function. The saveState * parameter should the address of a local variable of type * UChar *. (i.e. defined "Uhar *myLocalSaveState" and use * &myLocalSaveState for this parameter). * @return A pointer to the next token found in src, or NULL * when there are no more tokens. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar * U_EXPORT2 u_strtok_r(UChar *src, const UChar *delim, UChar **saveState); /** * Compare two Unicode strings for bitwise equality (code unit order). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @return 0 if s1 and s2 are bitwise equal; a negative * value if s1 is bitwise less than s2,; a positive * value if s1 is bitwise greater than s2. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strcmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2); /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * See u_strCompare for details. * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strcmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2); /** * Compare two Unicode strings (binary order). * * The comparison can be done in code unit order or in code point order. * They differ only in UTF-16 when * comparing supplementary code points (U+10000..U+10ffff) * to BMP code points near the end of the BMP (i.e., U+e000..U+ffff). * In code unit order, high BMP code points sort after supplementary code points * because they are stored as pairs of surrogates which are at U+d800..U+dfff. * * This functions works with strings of different explicitly specified lengths * unlike the ANSI C-like u_strcmp() and u_memcmp() etc. * NUL-terminated strings are possible with length arguments of -1. * * @param s1 First source string. * @param length1 Length of first source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * * @param s2 Second source string. * @param length2 Length of second source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * * @param codePointOrder Choose between code unit order (FALSE) * and code point order (TRUE). * * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons * * @stable ICU 2.2 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strCompare(const UChar *s1, int32_t length1, const UChar *s2, int32_t length2, UBool codePointOrder); /** * Compare two Unicode strings (binary order) * as presented by UCharIterator objects. * Works otherwise just like u_strCompare(). * * Both iterators are reset to their start positions. * When the function returns, it is undefined where the iterators * have stopped. * * @param iter1 First source string iterator. * @param iter2 Second source string iterator. * @param codePointOrder Choose between code unit order (FALSE) * and code point order (TRUE). * * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons * * @see u_strCompare * * @draft ICU 2.6 */ U_DRAFT int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strCompareIter(UCharIterator *iter1, UCharIterator *iter2, UBool codePointOrder); #ifndef U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER /* see also unistr.h and unorm.h */ /** * Option bit for u_strCaseCompare, u_strcasecmp, unorm_compare, etc: * Compare strings in code point order instead of code unit order. * @stable ICU 2.2 */ #define U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER 0x8000 #endif /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to * u_strCompare(u_strFoldCase(s1, options), * u_strFoldCase(s2, options), * (options&U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER)!=0). * * The comparison can be done in UTF-16 code unit order or in code point order. * They differ only when comparing supplementary code points (U+10000..U+10ffff) * to BMP code points near the end of the BMP (i.e., U+e000..U+ffff). * In code unit order, high BMP code points sort after supplementary code points * because they are stored as pairs of surrogates which are at U+d800..U+dfff. * * This functions works with strings of different explicitly specified lengths * unlike the ANSI C-like u_strcmp() and u_memcmp() etc. * NUL-terminated strings are possible with length arguments of -1. * * @param s1 First source string. * @param length1 Length of first source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * * @param s2 Second source string. * @param length2 Length of second source string, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * * @return <0 or 0 or >0 as usual for string comparisons * * @stable ICU 2.2 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strCaseCompare(const UChar *s1, int32_t length1, const UChar *s2, int32_t length2, uint32_t options, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Compare two ustrings for bitwise equality. * Compares at most n characters. * * @param ucs1 A string to compare. * @param ucs2 A string to compare. * @param n The maximum number of characters to compare. * @return 0 if s1 and s2 are bitwise equal; a negative * value if s1 is bitwise less than s2; a positive * value if s1 is bitwise greater than s2. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strncmp(const UChar *ucs1, const UChar *ucs2, int32_t n); /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * This is different in UTF-16 from u_strncmp() if supplementary characters are present. * For details, see u_strCompare(). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @param n The maximum number of characters to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strncmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t n); /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, options), u_strFoldCase(s2, options)). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strcasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, uint32_t options); /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, at most n, options), * u_strFoldCase(s2, at most n, options)). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @param n The maximum number of characters each string to case-fold and then compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strncasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t n, uint32_t options); /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to u_strcmp(u_strFoldCase(s1, n, options), * u_strFoldCase(s2, n, options)). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @param length The number of characters in each string to case-fold and then compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_memcasecmp(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t length, uint32_t options); /** * Copy a ustring. Adds a null terminator. * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strcpy(UChar *dst, const UChar *src); /** * Copy a ustring. * Copies at most n characters. The result will be null terminated * if the length of src is less than n. * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strncpy(UChar *dst, const UChar *src, int32_t n); #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /** * Copy a byte string encoded in the default codepage to a ustring. * Adds a null terminator. * Performs a host byte to UChar conversion * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_uastrcpy(UChar *dst, const char *src ); /** * Copy a byte string encoded in the default codepage to a ustring. * Copies at most n characters. The result will be null terminated * if the length of src is less than n. * Performs a host byte to UChar conversion * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_uastrncpy(UChar *dst, const char *src, int32_t n); /** * Copy ustring to a byte string encoded in the default codepage. * Adds a null terminator. * Performs a UChar to host byte conversion * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2 u_austrcpy(char *dst, const UChar *src ); /** * Copy ustring to a byte string encoded in the default codepage. * Copies at most n characters. The result will be null terminated * if the length of src is less than n. * Performs a UChar to host byte conversion * * @param dst The destination string. * @param src The source string. * @param n The maximum number of characters to copy. * @return A pointer to dst. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2 u_austrncpy(char *dst, const UChar *src, int32_t n ); #endif /** * Synonym for memcpy(), but with UChars only. * @param dest The destination string * @param src The source string * @param count The number of characters to copy * @return A pointer to dest * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memcpy(UChar *dest, const UChar *src, int32_t count); /** * Synonym for memmove(), but with UChars only. * @param dest The destination string * @param src The source string * @param count The number of characters to move * @return A pointer to dest * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memmove(UChar *dest, const UChar *src, int32_t count); /** * Initialize count characters of dest to c. * * @param dest The destination string. * @param c The character to initialize the string. * @param count The maximum number of characters to set. * @return A pointer to dest. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memset(UChar *dest, UChar c, int32_t count); /** * Compare the first count UChars of each buffer. * * @param buf1 The first string to compare. * @param buf2 The second string to compare. * @param count The maximum number of UChars to compare. * @return When buf1 < buf2, a negative number is returned. * When buf1 == buf2, 0 is returned. * When buf1 > buf2, a positive number is returned. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_memcmp(const UChar *buf1, const UChar *buf2, int32_t count); /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * This is different in UTF-16 from u_memcmp() if supplementary characters are present. * For details, see u_strCompare(). * * @param s1 A string to compare. * @param s2 A string to compare. * @param count The maximum number of characters to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * the first string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_memcmpCodePointOrder(const UChar *s1, const UChar *s2, int32_t count); /** * Find the first occurrence of a BMP code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (contains count UChars). * @param c The BMP code point to find. * @param count The length of the string. * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.0 * * @see u_strchr * @see u_memchr32 * @see u_strFindFirst */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memchr(const UChar *s, UChar c, int32_t count); /** * Find the first occurrence of a code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (contains count UChars). * @param c The code point to find. * @param count The length of the string. * @return A pointer to the first occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.0 * * @see u_strchr32 * @see u_memchr * @see u_strFindFirst */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c, int32_t count); /** * Find the last occurrence of a BMP code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (contains count UChars). * @param c The BMP code point to find. * @param count The length of the string. * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strrchr * @see u_memrchr32 * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memrchr(const UChar *s, UChar c, int32_t count); /** * Find the last occurrence of a code point in a string. * A surrogate code point is found only if its match in the text is not * part of a surrogate pair. * A NUL character is found at the string terminator. * * @param s The string to search (contains count UChars). * @param c The code point to find. * @param count The length of the string. * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of c in s * or NULL if c is not in s. * @stable ICU 2.4 * * @see u_strrchr32 * @see u_memrchr * @see u_strFindLast */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_memrchr32(const UChar *s, UChar32 c, int32_t count); /** * Unicode String literals in C. * We need one macro to declare a variable for the string * and to statically preinitialize it if possible, * and a second macro to dynamically intialize such a string variable if necessary. * * The macros are defined for maximum performance. * They work only for strings that contain "invariant characters", i.e., * only latin letters, digits, and some punctuation. * See utypes.h for details. * * A pair of macros for a single string must be used with the same * parameters. * The string parameter must be a C string literal. * The length of the string, not including the terminating * NUL, must be specified as a constant. * The U_STRING_DECL macro should be invoked exactly once for one * such string variable before it is used. * * Usage: * 
 *     U_STRING_DECL(ustringVar1, "Quick-Fox 2", 11);
 *     U_STRING_DECL(ustringVar2, "jumps 5%", 8);
 *     static UBool didInit=FALSE;
 *  
 *     int32_t function() {
 *         if(!didInit) {
 *             U_STRING_INIT(ustringVar1, "Quick-Fox 2", 11);
 *             U_STRING_INIT(ustringVar2, "jumps 5%", 8);
 *             didInit=TRUE;
 *         }
 *         return u_strcmp(ustringVar1, ustringVar2);
 *     }
 *
* @stable ICU 2.0 */ #if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==U_SIZEOF_UCHAR && U_CHARSET_FAMILY==U_ASCII_FAMILY # define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static const wchar_t var[(length)+1]={ L ## cs } /**@stable ICU 2.0 */ # define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length) #elif U_SIZEOF_UCHAR==1 && U_CHARSET_FAMILY==U_ASCII_FAMILY # define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static const UChar var[(length)+1]={ (const UChar *)cs } /**@stable ICU 2.0 */ # define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length) #else # define U_STRING_DECL(var, cs, length) static UChar var[(length)+1] /**@stable ICU 2.0 */ # define U_STRING_INIT(var, cs, length) u_charsToUChars(cs, var, length+1) #endif /** * Unescape a string of characters and write the resulting * Unicode characters to the destination buffer. The following escape * sequences are recognized: * * \\uhhhh 4 hex digits; h in [0-9A-Fa-f] * \\Uhhhhhhhh 8 hex digits * \\xhh 1-2 hex digits * \\x{h...} 1-8 hex digits * \\ooo 1-3 octal digits; o in [0-7] * \\cX control-X; X is masked with 0x1F * * as well as the standard ANSI C escapes: * * \\a => U+0007, \\b => U+0008, \\t => U+0009, \\n => U+000A, * \\v => U+000B, \\f => U+000C, \\r => U+000D, \\e => U+001B, * \\" => U+0022, \\' => U+0027, \\? => U+003F, \\\\ => U+005C * * Anything else following a backslash is generically escaped. For * example, "[a\\-z]" returns "[a-z]". * * If an escape sequence is ill-formed, this method returns an empty * string. An example of an ill-formed sequence is "\\u" followed by * fewer than 4 hex digits. * * The above characters are recognized in the compiler's codepage, * that is, they are coded as 'u', '\\', etc. Characters that are * not parts of escape sequences are converted using u_charsToUChars(). * * This function is similar to UnicodeString::unescape() but not * identical to it. The latter takes a source UnicodeString, so it * does escape recognition but no conversion. * * @param src a zero-terminated string of invariant characters * @param dest pointer to buffer to receive converted and unescaped * text and, if there is room, a zero terminator. May be NULL for * preflighting, in which case no UChars will be written, but the * return value will still be valid. On error, an empty string is * stored here (if possible). * @param destCapacity the number of UChars that may be written at * dest. Ignored if dest == NULL. * @return the length of unescaped string. * @see u_unescapeAt * @see UnicodeString#unescape() * @see UnicodeString#unescapeAt() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_unescape(const char *src, UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity); U_CDECL_BEGIN /** * Callback function for u_unescapeAt() that returns a character of * the source text given an offset and a context pointer. The context * pointer will be whatever is passed into u_unescapeAt(). * * @param offset pointer to the offset that will be passed to u_unescapeAt(). * @param context an opaque pointer passed directly into u_unescapeAt() * @return the character represented by the escape sequence at * offset * @see u_unescapeAt * @stable ICU 2.0 */ typedef UChar (U_CALLCONV *UNESCAPE_CHAR_AT)(int32_t offset, void *context); U_CDECL_END /** * Unescape a single sequence. The character at offset-1 is assumed * (without checking) to be a backslash. This method takes a callback * pointer to a function that returns the UChar at a given offset. By * varying this callback, ICU functions are able to unescape char* * strings, UnicodeString objects, and UFILE pointers. * * If offset is out of range, or if the escape sequence is ill-formed, * (UChar32)0xFFFFFFFF is returned. See documentation of u_unescape() * for a list of recognized sequences. * * @param charAt callback function that returns a UChar of the source * text given an offset and a context pointer. * @param offset pointer to the offset that will be passed to charAt. * The offset value will be updated upon return to point after the * last parsed character of the escape sequence. On error the offset * is unchanged. * @param length the number of characters in the source text. The * last character of the source text is considered to be at offset * length-1. * @param context an opaque pointer passed directly into charAt. * @return the character represented by the escape sequence at * offset, or (UChar32)0xFFFFFFFF on error. * @see u_unescape() * @see UnicodeString#unescape() * @see UnicodeString#unescapeAt() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar32 U_EXPORT2 u_unescapeAt(UNESCAPE_CHAR_AT charAt, int32_t *offset, int32_t length, void *context); /** * Uppercase the characters in a string. * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * The result may be longer or shorter than the original. * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result * without writing any of the result string. * @param src The original string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param locale The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case, * only some of the result was written to the destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strToUpper(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, const char *locale, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Lowercase the characters in a string. * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * The result may be longer or shorter than the original. * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result * without writing any of the result string. * @param src The original string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param locale The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case, * only some of the result was written to the destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strToLower(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, const char *locale, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION /** * Titlecase a string. * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * Titlecasing uses a break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. It titlecases those characters and lowercases * all others. * * The titlecase break iterator can be provided to customize for arbitrary * styles, using rules and dictionaries beyond the standard iterators. * It may be more efficient to always provide an iterator to avoid * opening and closing one for each string. * The standard titlecase iterator for the root locale implements the * algorithm of Unicode TR 21. * * This function uses only the first() and next() methods of the * provided break iterator. * * The result may be longer or shorter than the original. * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result * without writing any of the result string. * @param src The original string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param titleIter A break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. * If none is provided (NULL), then a standard titlecase * break iterator is opened. * @param locale The locale to consider, or "" for the root locale or NULL for the default locale. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case, * only some of the result was written to the destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.1 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strToTitle(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, UBreakIterator *titleIter, const char *locale, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); #endif /** * Case-fold the characters in a string. * Case-folding is locale-independent and not context-sensitive, * but there is an option for whether to include or exclude mappings for dotted I * and dotless i that are marked with 'I' in CaseFolding.txt. * The result may be longer or shorter than the original. * The source string and the destination buffer are allowed to overlap. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the result * without writing any of the result string. * @param src The original string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param options Either U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The length of the result string. It may be greater than destCapacity. In that case, * only some of the result was written to the destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strFoldCase(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of UChars to wchar_t units. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of wchar_t's). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE wchar_t* U_EXPORT2 u_strToWCS(wchar_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of wchar_t units to UChars * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strFromWCS(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const wchar_t *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of UChars (UTF-16) to UTF-8 bytes * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of chars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE char* U_EXPORT2 u_strToUTF8(char *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of UTF-8 bytes to UChars (UTF-16). * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strFromUTF8(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const char *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of UChars (UTF-16) to UTF32 units. * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChar32s). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar32* U_EXPORT2 u_strToUTF32(UChar32 *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); /** * Converts a sequence of UTF32 units to UChars (UTF-16) * * @param dest A buffer for the result string. The result will be zero-terminated if * the buffer is large enough. * @param destCapacity The size of the buffer (number of UChars). If it is 0, then * dest may be NULL and the function will only return the length of the * result without writing any of the result string (pre-flighting). * @param pDestLength A pointer to receive the number of units written to the destination. If * pDestLength!=NULL then *pDestLength is always set to the * number of output units corresponding to the transformation of * all the input units, even in case of a buffer overflow. * @param src The original source string * @param srcLength The length of the original string. If -1, then src must be zero-terminated. * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, * which must not indicate a failure before the function call. * @return The pointer to destination buffer. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ U_STABLE UChar* U_EXPORT2 u_strFromUTF32(UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity, int32_t *pDestLength, const UChar32 *src, int32_t srcLength, UErrorCode *pErrorCode); #endif