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<h1>International Components for Unicode<br>
ReadMe</h1>
<p>Version: 2001-Mar-21<br>
Copyright © 1997-2001 International Business Machines Corporation
and others. All Rights Reserved.</p>
<hr>
<p><br>
<br>
</p>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul type="disc">
<li><a href="#news">Late Breaking News And What Is New?</a></li>
<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#WhatContain">What the International Components for
Unicode Contain</a></li>
<li><a href="#PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportantNotes">Important Installation Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToInstall">How to Build And Install ICU</a></li>
<li><a href="#WhereToFindMore">Where To Find More Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#SubmittingComments">Submitting Comments, Requesting
Features and Reporting Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="#news">Late Breaking News And What Is New?</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#win32LibNames">Library names are changed and moved on Win32</a></li>
<li><a href="#sharedLibNote">Using Shared Data Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="#ErrcodeChanges">Important Change Of Error Codes From
Streaming Conversion Functions</a> (change for ICU 1.6)</li>
<li><a href="#collation">The collation implementation is being reworked</a></li>
<li>We have improved or added support for country variants of ISO-2022, HZ, UTF-32, UTF-7, and GB 18030</li>
<li><a href="#API_documentation">Updated API documentation</a></li>
<li>For more news about this release, see the <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">online release notes</a>.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Today's software market is a global one in which it is desirable to
develop and maintain one application that supports a wide variety of
national languages. International Components for Unicode provides the
following tools to help you write language independent applications:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>UnicodeString supporting the Unicode 3.0 standard</li>
<li>Resource bundles for storing and accessing localized
information</li>
<li>Number formatters for converting binary numbers into text strings
for meaningful display</li>
<li>Date and time formatters for converting internal time data into
text strings for meaningful display</li>
<li>Message formatters for putting together sequences of strings,
numbers dates and other format to create messages</li>
<li>Text collation supporting language sensitive comparison of
strings</li>
<li>Text boundary analysis for finding characters, word and sentence
boundaries</li>
<li>Changing simple data files rather than modifying program code
easily localizes applications written using these tools</li>
<li>Over 160 locales supported. Visit the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/localeexplorer">
LocaleExplorer
(http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/localeexplorer)</a>
site for a demonstration and a full list of supported locales or see
the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icu/data/index.txt">index
file with the supported locales</a>. Also see the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">User Guide</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is possible to support additional locales by adding more locale
data files, with no code changes.</p>
<p>Please refer to POSIX programmer's Guide for details on what the ISO
locale ID means.</p>
<p>Your comments are important to making this release successful. We are
committed to fixing any bugs, and will also use your feedback to help
plan future releases.</p>
<p><strong><u>IMPORTANT</u>: Please make sure you understand the <a href=
"license.html">Copyright and License information</a>.</strong></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<h2><a name="WhatContain">What the International Components for Unicode
Contain</a></h2>
<p>There are two ways to download the ICU releases,</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><strong>Official Release Snapshot:</strong><br>
If you want to use ICU (as opposed to developing it), you should
download an official packaged version of the ICU source code.
These versions are tested more thoroughly than day-to-day development
builds of the system, and they are packaged in zip and tar files for
convenient download. These packaged files can be found at <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a>.<br>
If packaged snapshot is named <strong>ICUXXXXXX.zip</strong> or
<strong>ICUXXXXXX.tgz</strong> , XXXXXX is the release version
number.<br>
Please unzip this file. It will reconstruct the source directory,
including anonymous CVS control directories (see below).</li>
<li><strong>CVS Source Repository:</strong><br>
If you are interested in developing features, patches, or bug fixes
for ICU, you should probably be working with the latest version of the
ICU source code. You will need to check the code out of our CVS
repository to ensure that you have the most recent version of all of
the files. There are several ways to do this:</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul type="circle">
<li>WebCVS:<br>
If you want to browse the code and only make occasional downloads,
you may want to use WebCVS. It provides a convenient, web-based
interface for browsing and downloading the latest version of the
ICU source code and documentation. You can also view each file's
revision history, display the differences between individual
revisions, determine which revisions were part of which official
release, and so on.</li>
<li>
WinCVS:<br>
If you will be doing serious work on ICU, you should probably
install a CVS client on your own machine so that you can do batch
operations without going through the WebCVS interface. On
Windows, we suggest the WinCVS client. The following is the
example instruction on how to download ICU via WinCVS:
<ol>
<li>Install the WinCVS client, which you can download from the
WinCVS home page.</li>
<li>In the WinCVS preferences, specify your CVSRoot to be
":pserver:anoncvs@oss.software.ibm.com:/usr/cvs/icu"<br>
with the password "anoncvs". To enter the CVSRoot value,
select "Preferences" from the "Cvs Admin" pull-down menu.
Authentication should be set to "'passwd' file on the cvs
server".</li>
<li>To "extract" the most recent version of ICU, select
"Checkout module" from the "Cvs Admin" menu. Specify "icu" for
the module name.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>CVS command line:<br>
You can also check out the repository anonymously on UNIX using
the following commands, after first setting your CVSROOT to point
to the ICU repository:<br>
<br>
<i>export
CVSROOT=:pserver:anoncvs@oss.software.ibm.com:/usr/cvs/icu<br>
cvs login CVS password: anoncvs<br>
cvs checkout icu<br>
cvs logout</i></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For more details on how to download ICU directly from the web site,
please also see <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http:/oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a></p>
<p>Below, <strong>$Root</strong> is the placement of the icu directory in
your file system, like "drive:\...\icu" in your environment. "drive:\..."
stands for any drive and any directory on that drive that you chose to
install icu into.</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
<caption align="left">
<strong>The following files describe the code drop</strong>
</caption>
<tr>
<td width="20%">readme.html</td>
<td width="80%">Describes the International Components for Unicode
(this file)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">license.html</td>
<td width="80%">Contains IBM's public license</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br>
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
<caption align="left">
<strong>The following directories contain source code and data
files</strong>
</caption>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/common/</td>
<td width="80%">The core Unicode and support functionality, such as
resource bundles, character properties, locales, codepage conversion,
and normalization.Unicode, Locale, UnicodeString.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/i18n/</td>
<td width="80%">Modules in i18n are generally the more data-driven,
that is to say resource bundle driven, components. These deal with
higher level internationalization issues such as formatting,
collation, text break analysis, and transliteration.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/test/intltest/</td>
<td width="80%">A test suite including all C++ APIs. For information
about running the test suite, see the users' guide.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/test/cintltst/</td>
<td width="80%">A test suite written in C, including all C APIs. For
information about running the test suite, see the users' guide.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/data/</td>
<td width="80%">
This directory contains the source data in text format, which is
compiled into binary form during the ICU build process. The output
from these files is stored in $Root/source/data/build while
awaiting further packaging.
<ul>
<li><b>unidata/</b> This directory contains the Unicode data
files. Please see <a href=
"http://www.unicode.org/">http://www.unicode.org/</a> for more
information.</li>
<li>
<p><b>Resource Bundle sources</b> .txt files containing ICU
language and culture-specific localization data. Two special
bundles are <b>root</b> which is the fallback data and parent
of other bundles, and <b>index</b> which contains a list of
installed bundles. <b>resfiles.txt</b> contains the list of
resource bundle files.</p>
<p>Also here are transliteration bundles, and the list of
installed transliteration files in
<b>translit_index.txt</b>.</p>
<p>All resource bundles are compiled into .res files. The
<b>ucmfiles.txt</b> file contains the list of converter
files.</p>
</li>
<li><b>Code page converter tables</b> .ucm files containing
mappings to and from Unicode. These are compiled into .cnv
files.</li>
<li><b>convrtrs.txt</b> is the alias mapping table from various
converter name formats to ICU internal format and vice versa. It
produces cnvalias.dat.</li>
<li><b>timezone.txt</b> is a generated file which is compiled
into tz.dat, containing time zone information.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/data</td>
<td width="80%">This directory is where the final, packaged version
of the ICU binary data ends up. If the ICU_DATA environment variable
is used, then it should be set to this directory. The intermediate
individual data files (.res, .cnv) are kept in the subdirectory
"$Root/source/data/build" prior to packaging.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/tools</td>
<td width="80%">Tools for generating the data files. Data files are
generated by invoking $Root/source/data/build/makedata.bat on Win32
or $Root/source/make on unix.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/samples</td>
<td width="80%">Various sample programs that use ICU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/extra</td>
<td width="80%">Non-supported API additions. Currently, it contains
the 'ustdio' file i/o library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/layout</td>
<td width="80%">Contains the ICU layout engine (not a
rasterizer).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/packaging<br>
$Root/debian</td>
<td width="80%">These directories contain scripts and tools for
packaging the final ICU build for various release platforms.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/config</td>
<td width="80%">Contains helper makefiles for platform specific build
commands. Used by 'configure'.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">$Root/source/allinone</td>
<td width="80%">Contains top-level ICU project files, for instance to
build all of ICU under one MSVC project.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br>
</p>
<!-- end of ICU structure ==================================== -->
<h2><a name="PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a></h2>
<p>The platform dependencies have been mostly isolated into the following
files:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>
<u>platform.h.in</u>: (autoconf'ed platforms)<br>
<u>p<i>XXXX</i>.h</u> (others: pwin32.h, pos2.h, pmacos.h, ..):
Platform-dependent typedefs and defines:<br>
<br>
<ul type="circle">
<li>XP_CPLUSPLUS for C++ only.</li>
<li>TRUE and FALSE, bool_t, int8_t, int16_t etc.</li>
<li>U_EXPORT and U_IMPORT for specifying dynamic library import and
export</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<u>putil.c:</u> platform-dependent implementations of various
functions that are platform dependent: (declared in putil.h)<br>
<br>
<ul type="circle">
<li>icu_isNaN, icu_isInfinite(double), icu_getNaN();
icu_getInfinity for handling special floating point values.</li>
<li>icu_tzset, icu_timezone, icu_tzname and time for reading
platform specific time and timezone information.</li>
<li>icu_getDefaultDataDirectory, icu_getDefaultLocaleID for reading
the locale setting and data directory.</li>
<li>icu_isBigEndian for finding the endianess of the platform.</li>
<li>icu_nextDouble is used specifically by the ChoiceFormat
API.</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<u>umutex.h and umutex.c</u>: Code for doing synchronization in
multithreaded applications. If you wish to use International
Components for Unicode in a multithreaded application, you must
provide a synchronization primitive that the classes can use to
protect their global data against simultaneous modifications. See
Users' guide for more information.<br>
<br>
<ul type="circle">
<li>We supply sample implementations for WinNT, Win95, Win98,
Sun/Solaris, RedHat/Linux, HP-UX and for AIX on an RS/6000.</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<u>udata.h</u> and <u>udata.c</u>: The data-accessing interface in
ICU is implemented such that there is a lot of flexibility for
reading a data file. Each platform can tune the performance of file
accessing for its environment by choosing to implement one of the
following options:<br>
<br>
<ul type="circle">
<li>DLL</li>
<li>Memory map</li>
<li>Plain text</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>If you are changing the platform-dependent files, utypes.h and
putil.h may also be interesting, but they shouldn't have to be changed.
If you think any other files than the ones mentioned above have
platform dependencies, please contact us.</li>
<li>For the Intltest test suite, intltest.cpp in
"icu/source/test/intltest/" contains the method pathnameInContext,
which must also be adapted to any new platform.</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="ImportantNotes">Important Installation Notes</a></h2>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesWin32">Win32 Platform</a></h3>
<hr>
<h3><a name="win32LibNames">BREAKING NEWS: Library names are changed and libraries are moved on Win32</a></h3>
<p>As it was previously mentioned and proposed on <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/icu/icu.0009/msg00138.html">ICU list</a>,
ICU libraries on Win32 are now renamed and relocated. The following changes took place in ICU 1.7:</p>
<ol>
<li>in icu\lib:
<ul>
<li>Debug\icuuc.lib -> icuucd.lib</li>
<li>Release\icuuc.lib -> icuuc.lib</li>
<li>Debug\icui18n.lib -> icuind.lib</li>
<li>Release\icui18n.lib -> icuin.lib</li>
<li>Debug\ustdio.lib -> icuiod.lib</li>
<li>Release\ustdio.lib -> icuio.lib</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>in icu\bin:
<ul>
<li>Debug\icuuc.dll -> icuuc17d.dll</li>
<li>Release\icuuc.dll -> icuuc17.dll</li>
<li>Debug\icui18n.dll -> icuin17d.dll</li>
<li>Release\icui18n.dll -> icuin17.dll</li>
<li>Debug\ustdio.dll -> icuio17d.dll</li>
<li>Release\ustdio.dll -> icuio17.dll</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Also, ctestfw and ex toolutil (now icutu17) libraries appeared in
icu\bin and icu\lib dirs, but this shouldn't concern regular users of
ICU.</p>
<h4>What to do, and how to cope?</h4>
<p>When you first try to compile your programs with new version of icu,
compilation will fail. The following steps are required:</p>
<ol>
<li>Change your path from ...\icu\bin\debug or ...\icu\bin\release to
just ...\icu\bin</li>
<li>Make the same change for MSVC executable directory setting
(tools->options->directories)</li>
<li>In all your .dsp files (project settings), on linker tab change
input libraries according to the above scheme. You want to do it for
both debug and release versions.</li>
</ol>
<p>When a new, binary incompatible version appears after 1.7, the
libraries will change the version number. Make sure that you reference
the correct version independent *.lib file when you have more than one
version of ICU built on your machine. Each *.lib file references its
correct version dependent shared library. The libraries with debug
information contain a "d" on the end of the base DLL name (e.g. icuuc.lib
vs. icuucd.lib).</p>
<hr>
<p>If you are building on the Win32 platform, it is important that you
understand a few build details:</p>
<p><u>DLL directories and the PATH setting:</u> As delivered, the
International Components for Unicode build as several DLLs. These DLLs
are placed in the "icu\bin" directory. You must add this directory to the
PATH environment variable in your system, or any executables you build
will not be able to access International Components for Unicode
libraries. Alternatively, you can copy the DLL files into a directory
already in your PATH, but we do not recommend this. You can wind up with
multiple copies of the DLL and wind up using the wrong one.</p>
<p><u>To change your PATH:</u></p>
<ul type="disk">
<li><strong>Windows 2000</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
Panel. Pick the "Advanced" tab. Select the "Environment Variables..."
button. Select the variable PATH in the lower box, and select the lower
"Edit..." button. In the "Variable Value" box, append the string
";$Root\bin" to the end of the path string. If there is nothing there,
just type in "$Root\bin". Click the Set button, then the OK
button.</li>
<li><strong>Windows NT</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
Panel. Pick the "Environment" tab, and select the variable PATH in the
lower box. In the "value" box, append the string ";$Root\bin" at the
end of the path string. If there is nothing there, just type in
"$Root\bin". Click the Set button, then the OK button.</li>
<li><strong>Windows 95/98/ME</strong>: Edit the autoexec.bat, and add
the following line to the end of file, "SET PATH=%PATH%;$Root\bin"</li>
</ul>
<p><u>Link with Runtime libraries:</u> All the DLLs link with the C
runtime library "Debug Multithreaded DLL" or "Multithreaded DLL." (This
is changed through the Project Settings dialog, on the C/C++ tab, under
Code Generation.) It is important that any executable or other DLL you
build which uses the International Components for Unicode DLLs links with
these runtime libraries as well. If you do not do this, you will
seemingly get memory errors when you run the executable.<br>
</p>
<h3><a name="collation">Collation Improvements</a></h3>
<p>We are reimplementing the collation implementation to make it faster
(much of this is done with ICU 1.7), to comply with the Unicode Collation Algorithm
(ICU 1.8), and also to make the locale-specific collation data smaller
(by separating it from the shared UCA data, also for ICU 1.8).<br>
<em>This means that sort keys and even some collation results are changing from ICU 1.6
and will change again for ICU 1.8.</em><br>
For details, see our <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/develop/collation/">collation design document</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="API_documentation">API documentation</a></h3>
<p>We are updating our API documentation, generated JavaDoc-style from
the public header files. It is available for <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/">online browsing</a> as well as
<a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">for download from the
release folder</a>.</p>
<p>Also, as a more general and comprehensive documentation, we are
working on improving the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">ICU User Guide</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesOS390">OS/390 Platform</a></h3>
<p>If you are building on the OS/390 UNIX System Services platform, it is
important that you understand a few details:</p>
<ul>
<li>The gnu utilities gmake and gzip/gunzip are needed and can be
obtained for OS/390 from <a href=
"http://www.mks.com/">http://www.mks.com/</a>. Search for OS/390,
register, and follow download directions.</li>
<li>
Encoding considerations: The source code assumes that it is compiled
with codepage ibm-1047 (to be exact, the UNIX System Services variant
of it). The pax command converts all of the source code files from
ASCII to codepage ibm-1047 (USS) EBCDIC. However, some files are
binary files and must not be converted, or must be converted back to
their original state. Those files are:
<ul>
<li>All the .brk files located in the icu/data directory
(icu/data/*.brk)</li>
<li>icu/source/test/testdata/uni-text.txt</li>
<li>icu/source/test/testdata/th18057.txt</li>
</ul>
Such a conversion can be done using iconv:<br>
<code>iconv -f IBM-1047 -t ISO8859-1 uni-text.txt >
uni-text.txt</code>
</li>
<li>
DLL directories and the LIBPATH setting: Building and testing ICU
needs the ICU libraries on the LIBPATH. In other words, the LIBPATH
should contain (each path prepended with the root directory that
contains the icu directory):
<ul>
<li>icu/source/common</li>
<li>icu/source/i18n</li>
<li>icu/source/tools/ctestfw</li>
<li>icu/source/tools/toolutil</li>
<li>icu/source/extra/ustdio</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>OS/390 supports both native S/390 hexadecimal floating point and,
(with Version 2.6 and later) IEEE binary floating point. This is a
compile time option. Applications built with IEEE should use ICU dlls
that are built with IEEE (and vice versa). The environment variable
IEEE390=1 will cause the OS/390 version of ICU to be built with IEEE
floating point. The default is native hexadecimal floating point.<br>
<em>Important:</em> Currently (ICU 1.4.2), native floating point
support is sufficient for codepage conversion, resource bundle and
UnicodeString operations, but the Format APIs, especially
ChoiceFormat, require IEEE binary floating point.</p>
<p>Examples for configuring ICU:<br>
Debug build: <code>IEEE390=1 ./configure</code><br>
Release build: <code>CFLAGS=-2 IEEE390=1 ./configure</code></p>
</li>
<li>Since the default make on OS/390 is not gmake, pkgdata tool
requires that the environment variable MAKE be set to fully
qualified path to gmake.</li>
<li>The makedep executable that is used with the OS/390 ICU build
process is not shipped with ICU. It is available at the <a href=
"http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxa1ty2.html">OS/390 UNIX - Tools
and Toys</a> site. The PATH environment variable should be updated to
contain the location of this executable prior to build. Alternatively,
makedep may be moved into an existing PATH directory.</li>
<li>To run all of the tests for ICU, use "gmake check". When running
individual tests of the test suite, the TZ environment
variable should be set to export TZ="PST8PDT" so that time zone
comparisons are correct.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a name="ImportantNotesOS390Batch">OS/390 Batch (PDS)
support</a></h4>
<p>By default, ICU builds its libraries into the HFS. However, there is a
390-specific switch to build some libraries into PDS files. The switch is
the environmental variable OS390BATCH, and if set, the following
libraries are built into PDS files: libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll,
libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll, libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll, and libtestdata.dll.
Turning on OS390BATCH does not turn off the normal HFS build, thus the
HFS dlls will always be created.</p>
<p>The names of the PDS files are determined by the value of the
environmental variables LOADMOD and LOADEXP. These variables must contain
the target PDS names whenever the OS390BATCH variable is set. LOADMOD is
the library (.dll) target dataset and LOADEXP is the side deck (.x)
target dataset.</p>
<p>The PDS member names are as follows:</p>
<pre>
IXMICUUC --> libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll
IXMICUDA --> libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll
IXMICUD1 --> libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll
IXMICUTE --> libtestdata.dll
</pre>
<p>Example PDS attributes are as follows:</p>
<pre>
Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.LOAD
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : LOAD
Organization . . . : PO
Record format . . . : U
Record length . . . : 0
Block size . . . . : 32760
1st extent cylinders: 40
Secondary cylinders : 59
Data set name type : PDS
Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.EXP
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : **None**
Organization . . . : PO
Record format . . . : FB
Record length . . . : 80
Block size . . . . : 3200
1st extent cylinders: 3
Secondary cylinders : 3
Data set name type : PDS
</pre>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesOS400">OS/400 Platform</a></h3>
<p>ICU Reference Release 1.4.0 contains partial support for the 400
platform, but additional work by the user is currently needed to get it
to build completely. A future release of ICU should work
out-of-the-box under OS/400.</p>
<ul>
<li>
Requirements:
<ul>
<li>QSHELL interpreter installed (install base option 30, operating
system)</li>
<li>QShell Utilities, PRPQ 5799-XEH</li>
<li>ILE C++ for AS/400, PRPQ 5799-GDW</li>
<li>GNU facilities (You can get the GNU facilities for OS/400 from <a href=
"http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html">http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html</a>).</li>
</ul>
<!-- end requirements -->
</li>
<li>
Build environment setup:
<ol>
<li>Create AS400 target library. This library will be the target
for the resulting modules, programs and service programs. You will
specify this library on the OUTPUTDIR environment variable in step
2.<br>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">CRTLIB LIB(<i>libraryname</i>)</div><br>
</li>
<li>
Set up the following environment variables in your build process
(use the <i>libraryname</i> from the previous step)
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(ICU_DATA) VALUE('/icu/source/data')<br>
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CC) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')<br>
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CXX) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')<br>
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(MAKE) VALUE('/usr/bin/gmake')<br>
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(OUTPUTDIR) VALUE('<i>libraryname</i>')
<i>identifies target as400 library for *module, *pgm and
*srvpgm objects</i>
</div>
<br>
</li>
<li>Add QCXXN, to your build process library list. This results in
the resolution of CRTCPPMOD used by the icc compiler</li>
<li>For timezones to work correctly, the QUTCOFFSET
needs to be set to the proper UTC(Coordinated univeral time) offset.<br>
<br>
To check your QUTCOFFSET:
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
DSPSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET)
</div>
<br>
To change your QUTCOFFSET:<br>
<div style="margin-left: 2em">
CHGSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET) VALUE('<i>+/-hh:mm</i>')
</div>
<br>
<i>The +/- represents either + or - from UTC. The "hh" represents
the number of hours from UTC, and "mm" represents the minutes
from UTC.</i><br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Run 'QSH'</li>
<li>
Configure the Makefiles (see configure below)
<strong>Note:</strong> Verify that the mh-os400 configure file is
used.
<ul>
<li>Run 'configure --host=as400-os400'</li>
<li>The 'clean' and 'install' targets will not work without
changes because of symbolic links. To delete the target module,
program, or service programs replace <tt>rm -rf</tt> with
<strong>$(RMV)</strong>, and in the library installation
targets (install-library) change <tt>$(INSTALL)</tt> to
<strong><tt>$(INSTALL-S)</tt></strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Run 'gmake -e'. The '-e' option is needed to pickup the
compilers.</li>
<li>Run 'gmake -e check' to run the tests.</li>
</ol>
<!-- end build environment -->
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="HowToInstall">How To Build And Install ICU</a></h2>
<h3><a name="HowToInstallWindows">How To Build And Install On
Windows</a></h3>
<p>Building International Components for Unicode requires:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Microsoft NT 3.51 or above</li>
<li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 (Service Pack 2 is required to work with
the release build of max speed optimization).</li>
</ul>
<p>The steps are:</p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li>Unzip the icu-XXXX.zip file, type "unzip -a icu-XXXX.zip -d
drive:\directory" under command prompt or use WinZip.
drive:\directory\icu is the root ($Root) directory (you may but don't
need to place "icu" into another directory). If you change the root,
you will change the project settings accordingly in EACH makefile in
the project, updating the "include" and "library" paths.</li>
<li>Set the environment variable <strong>ICU_DATA</strong> to the full
pathname of the data directory. The trailing "\" is required after the
directory name (e.g. "$Root\source\data\" will work, but the value
"$Root\source\data" is not acceptable). This environment variable
indicates where the locale data files and conversion mapping tables are
located.</li>
<li>Be sure that the ICU binary directory, $Root\bin\,
is included in the <strong>PATH</strong> environment variable. The
tests may not work without the DLL files in the path.</li>
<li>Set the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to
<strong>PST8PDT</strong>. The tests will not work in any other
timezone.</li>
<li>Use Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 to open the
"$Root\source\allinone\allinone.dsw" workspace (This workspace includes
all the International Components for Unicode libraries, necessary ICU
building tools, and the intltest and cintltest test suite
projects).</li>
<li>Set the active Project to the "all" project. To do this: Choose
"Project" menu, and select "Set active project". In the submenu, select
the "all" workspace.</li>
<li>Set the active configuration to "Win32 Debug" or "Win32 Release"
(See note below).</li>
<li>Choose the "Build" menu and select "Rebuild All". If you want to
build the Debug and Release configurations at the same time, choose
"Build" menu and select "Batch Build..." instead (and mark all
configurations as checked), then click the button named "Rebuild All".
The "all" workspace will build all the test programs as well as the
tools for generating binary locale data files. The "makedata" project
will be run automatically to convert the locale data files from text
format into icudata.dll.</li>
<li>Run the C++ test suite, "intltest". To do this: set the active
project to "intltest", and press F5 to run it.</li>
<li>Run the C test suite, "cintltst". To do this: set the active
project to "cintltst", and press F5 to run it.</li>
<li>Make sure that both "cintltst" and "intltest" passed without any
errors. The return codes are non-zero when they do not pass. Visual C++
will display the return codes in the debug tag of the output window.
When "intltest" and "cintltest" return 0, it means that everything is
installed correctly.</li>
<li>Reset the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to its original
value, unless you plan on testing ICU any further.</li>
<li>You are now able to develop applications with ICU.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> To set the active configuration, two different
possibilities are:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Choose "Build" menu, select "Set Active Configuration", and select
"Win32 Release" or "Win32 Debug".</li>
<li>Another way is to select "Customize" in the "Tools" menu, select
the "Toolbars" tab, enable "Build" instead of "Build Minibar", and
click on "Close". This will bring up a toolbar which you can move aside
the other permanent toolbars at the top of the MSVC window. The
advantage is that you now have an easy-to-reach pop-up menu that will
always show the currently selected active configuration. Or, you can
drag the project and configuration selections and drop them on the menu
bar for later selection.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is also possible to build each library individually, using the
workspaces in each respective directory. They have to be built in the
following order:<br>
</p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li>common</li>
<li>i18n</li>
<li>makedata (which invokes makeconv, genrb, genccode, etc.)</li>
<li>ctestfw</li>
<li>intltest and cintltst, if you want to run the test suite.</li>
</ol>
<h3><a name="HowToInstallUnix">How To Build And Install On Unix</a></h3>
<p>There is a set of Makefiles for Unix that supports Linux w/gcc,
Solaris w/gcc and Workshop CC, AIX w/xlc and OS/390 with C++.</p>
<p>Building International Components for Unicode on Unix requires:</p>
<p>A UNIX C++ compiler, (gcc, cc, xlc_r, etc...) installed on the target
machine. A recent version of GNU make (3.7+). OS/390 gnu utilities for
both make (gmake) and zip (gzip/gunzip) can be found at the MKS web site
at <a href="http://www.mks.com">http://www.mks.com</a>. Please do a
search on "os/390".</p>
<p>The steps are:</p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li>Decompress the icuXXXX.tar (or icuXXXX.tgz) file and use pax.</li>
<li>Before running the test programs or samples, please set the
environment variable <strong>ICU_DATA</strong>, the full pathname of
the data directory, to indicate where the locale data files and
conversion mapping tables are. If this variable is not set, the default
user data directory will be used. The trailing "/" is required after
the directory name (e.g. "$Root/source/data/" will work, but the value
"$Root/source/data" is not acceptable). When you are running individual
tests, the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable needs to be set to
<strong>PST8PDT</strong>. Normally "make check" does this for you
automatically.</li>
<li>Change directory to the "icu/source".</li>
<li>If it is not already set, please set the executable flag for the
following files (by executing 'chmod +x' command): runConfigureICU,
configure, install-sh and config.*,</li>
<li>You also need to set other environment variables for different
build systems. See the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">User Guide</a> or the
provided <a href="source/runConfigureICU">script</a>.</li>
<li>Type "./configure" or type "./configure --help" to print the
available options.</li>
<li>Type "make" to compile the libraries and all the data files. On
OS/390, both IEEE binary floating point and native S/390 hexadecimal
floating point calculations are supported. The default is to build with
native floating-point support. Please set the environment variable
IEEE390=1 if you would like to make the ICU DLLs with IEEE floating
point support.</li>
<li>Optionally, type "make check" to verify the test suite.</li>
<li>Type "make install" to install.</li>
</ol>
<p>Some platforms use package management tools to control the
installation and uninstallation of files on the system, as well as the
integrity of the system configuration. You may want to check if ICU can
be packaged for your package management tools by looking into the
"packaging" directory. (Please note that if you are using a snapshot of
ICU from CVS, it is probable that the packaging scripts or related files
are not up to date with the contents of ICU at this time, so use them
with caution.)</p>
<p>It is also possible to build each library individually, using the
Makefiles in each respective directory. They have to be built in the
following order:</p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li>common</li>
<li>i18n</li>
<li>makeconv</li>
<li>genrb</li>
<li>gentz</li>
<li>genccode</li>
<li>ctestfw</li>
<li>intltest and cintltst, if you want to run the test suite.</li>
</ol>
<h3><a name="sharedLibNote">Using Shared Data Libraries</a></h3>
<p>HP/UX has a documented characteristic where the shl_unload() function
always unloads a library, regardless of how many times the library has
been loaded. Most operating systems reference count libraries as they are
opened. In the future (Jitterbug 414) this may be corrected in ICU, but
at present, we work around this problem by simply NOT ever unloading
shared libraries. This means that once a data library is loaded (ex:
libicudata.sl) by a process, it cannot be unloaded and replaced without
stopping and restarting the process.</p>
<h3><a name="ErrcodeChanges">Important Change Of Error Codes From
Streaming Conversion Functions (change for ICU 1.6)</a></h3>
<p>We have decided to make a semantic change to the conversion API which
affects applications using ICU that are migrated to use ICU versions 1.6
or later compared to earlier ICU versions before 1.6:<br>
The error code that is set from streaming conversion like</p>
<pre>
ucnv_fromUnicode() - ucnv_toUnicode()
ucnv_fromUChars() - ucnv_toUChars()
scsu_compress() - scsu_decompress()
</pre>
when the target buffer is full but the source not empty is changed from
<code>U_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDS_ERROR</code> to
<code>U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR</code>. This change makes the error codes
more consistent with their names and with their use in other icu
APIs.<br>
<br>
<p>You need to test for this new error code if your code uses ICU for
conversion and used the old error code. ucnv.h and scsu.h are updated
with this information. Please search in your source code for
<code>U_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDS_ERROR</code>. If it is used with the above
functions (<em>not</em> with <code>ucnv_getNextUChar()</code>), then you
need to change it to <code>U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR</code> in order to get
your code to work with icu 1.6 or later.</p>
<p>See the updated sample code in <code>icu/source/samples</code>. All
samples are updated. See <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/bugs?findid=516">
jitterbug 516</a> for details. This was discussed in July 2000 on the icu
mailing list. Please see the list archive for the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/icu/icu.0007/msg00142.html">discussion</a>.</p>
<h2><a name="WhereToFindMore">Where To Find More Information</a></h2>
<p><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/</a>
is the homepage of the International Components for Unicode.</p>
<p>The API Documentation is available <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/">online</a> or <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">for download</a>. The (draft
of) the User Guide is available for <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">browsing and as a PDF
file</a>.</p>
<p><a href=
"http://www.ibm.com/developer/unicode/">http://www.ibm.com/developer/unicode/</a>
is a pointer to information on how to make applications global.</p>
<h2><a name="SubmittingComments">Submitting Comments, Requesting Features
and Reporting Bugs</a></h2>
<p>To submit comments, request features and report bugs, please contact
us. The best forum is the ICU mailing list. See the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/">information on how to browse
and join the list</a>. If you find a bug in the code that has not been
submitted and/or fixed yet, then please <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/bugs">submit a
jitterbug</a>.</p>
<hr>
<p>Copyright © 1997-2001 International Business Machines Corporation
and others. All Rights Reserved.<br>
IBM Center for Emerging Technologies Silicon Valley,<br>
10275 N De Anza Blvd., Cupertino, CA 95014<br>
All rights reserved.</p>
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