618 lines
26 KiB
C++
618 lines
26 KiB
C++
// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
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// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
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/*
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*******************************************************************************
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* Copyright (C) 2007-2014, International Business Machines Corporation and
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* others. All Rights Reserved.
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*******************************************************************************
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*
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* File PLURFMT.H
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********************************************************************************
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*/
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#ifndef PLURFMT
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#define PLURFMT
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#include "unicode/utypes.h"
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/**
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* \file
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* \brief C++ API: PluralFormat object
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*/
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#if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
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#include "unicode/messagepattern.h"
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#include "unicode/numfmt.h"
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#include "unicode/plurrule.h"
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U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
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class Hashtable;
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class NFRule;
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/**
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* <p>
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* <code>PluralFormat</code> supports the creation of internationalized
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* messages with plural inflection. It is based on <i>plural
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* selection</i>, i.e. the caller specifies messages for each
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* plural case that can appear in the user's language and the
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* <code>PluralFormat</code> selects the appropriate message based on
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* the number.
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* </p>
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* <h4>The Problem of Plural Forms in Internationalized Messages</h4>
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* <p>
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* Different languages have different ways to inflect
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* plurals. Creating internationalized messages that include plural
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* forms is only feasible when the framework is able to handle plural
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* forms of <i>all</i> languages correctly. <code>ChoiceFormat</code>
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* doesn't handle this well, because it attaches a number interval to
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* each message and selects the message whose interval contains a
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* given number. This can only handle a finite number of
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* intervals. But in some languages, like Polish, one plural case
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* applies to infinitely many intervals (e.g., the plural case applies to
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* numbers ending with 2, 3, or 4 except those ending with 12, 13, or
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* 14). Thus <code>ChoiceFormat</code> is not adequate.
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* </p><p>
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* <code>PluralFormat</code> deals with this by breaking the problem
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* into two parts:
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* <ul>
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* <li>It uses <code>PluralRules</code> that can define more complex
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* conditions for a plural case than just a single interval. These plural
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* rules define both what plural cases exist in a language, and to
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* which numbers these cases apply.
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* <li>It provides predefined plural rules for many languages. Thus, the programmer
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* need not worry about the plural cases of a language and
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* does not have to define the plural cases; they can simply
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* use the predefined keywords. The whole plural formatting of messages can
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* be done using localized patterns from resource bundles. For predefined plural
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* rules, see the CLDR <i>Language Plural Rules</i> page at
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* http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
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* </ul>
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* </p>
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* <h4>Usage of <code>PluralFormat</code></h4>
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* <p>Note: Typically, plural formatting is done via <code>MessageFormat</code>
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* with a <code>plural</code> argument type,
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* rather than using a stand-alone <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* </p><p>
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* This discussion assumes that you use <code>PluralFormat</code> with
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* a predefined set of plural rules. You can create one using one of
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* the constructors that takes a <code>locale</code> object. To
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* specify the message pattern, you can either pass it to the
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* constructor or set it explicitly using the
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* <code>applyPattern()</code> method. The <code>format()</code>
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* method takes a number object and selects the message of the
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* matching plural case. This message will be returned.
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* </p>
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* <h5>Patterns and Their Interpretation</h5>
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* <p>
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* The pattern text defines the message output for each plural case of the
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* specified locale. Syntax:
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* <pre>
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* pluralStyle = [offsetValue] (selector '{' message '}')+
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* offsetValue = "offset:" number
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* selector = explicitValue | keyword
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* explicitValue = '=' number // adjacent, no white space in between
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* keyword = [^[[:Pattern_Syntax:][:Pattern_White_Space:]]]+
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* message: see {@link MessageFormat}
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* </pre>
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* Pattern_White_Space between syntax elements is ignored, except
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* between the {curly braces} and their sub-message,
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* and between the '=' and the number of an explicitValue.
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*
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* </p><p>
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* There are 6 predefined casekeyword in CLDR/ICU - 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'few', 'many' and
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* 'other'. You always have to define a message text for the default plural case
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* <code>other</code> which is contained in every rule set.
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* If you do not specify a message text for a particular plural case, the
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* message text of the plural case <code>other</code> gets assigned to this
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* plural case.
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* </p><p>
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* When formatting, the input number is first matched against the explicitValue clauses.
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* If there is no exact-number match, then a keyword is selected by calling
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* the <code>PluralRules</code> with the input number <em>minus the offset</em>.
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* (The offset defaults to 0 if it is omitted from the pattern string.)
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* If there is no clause with that keyword, then the "other" clauses is returned.
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* </p><p>
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* An unquoted pound sign (<code>#</code>) in the selected sub-message
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* itself (i.e., outside of arguments nested in the sub-message)
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* is replaced by the input number minus the offset.
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* The number-minus-offset value is formatted using a
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* <code>NumberFormat</code> for the <code>PluralFormat</code>'s locale. If you
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* need special number formatting, you have to use a <code>MessageFormat</code>
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* and explicitly specify a <code>NumberFormat</code> argument.
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* <strong>Note:</strong> That argument is formatting without subtracting the offset!
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* If you need a custom format and have a non-zero offset, then you need to pass the
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* number-minus-offset value as a separate parameter.
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* </p>
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* For a usage example, see the {@link MessageFormat} class documentation.
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*
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* <h4>Defining Custom Plural Rules</h4>
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* <p>If you need to use <code>PluralFormat</code> with custom rules, you can
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* create a <code>PluralRules</code> object and pass it to
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* <code>PluralFormat</code>'s constructor. If you also specify a locale in this
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* constructor, this locale will be used to format the number in the message
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* texts.
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* </p><p>
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* For more information about <code>PluralRules</code>, see
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* {@link PluralRules}.
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* </p>
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*
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* ported from Java
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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class U_I18N_API PluralFormat : public Format {
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public:
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/**
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* Creates a new cardinal-number <code>PluralFormat</code> for the default locale.
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* This locale will be used to get the set of plural rules and for standard
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* number formatting.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new cardinal-number <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given locale.
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* @param locale the <code>PluralFormat</code> will be configured with
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* rules for this locale. This locale will also be used for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given set of rules.
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* The standard number formatting will be done using the default locale.
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* @param rules defines the behavior of the <code>PluralFormat</code>
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* object.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const PluralRules& rules, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given set of rules.
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* The standard number formatting will be done using the given locale.
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* @param locale the default number formatting will be done using this
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* locale.
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* @param rules defines the behavior of the <code>PluralFormat</code>
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* object.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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* <p>
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* <h4>Sample code</h4>
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* \snippet samples/plurfmtsample/plurfmtsample.cpp PluralFormatExample1
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* \snippet samples/plurfmtsample/plurfmtsample.cpp PluralFormatExample
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* <p>
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale, const PluralRules& rules, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for the plural type.
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* The standard number formatting will be done using the given locale.
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* @param locale the default number formatting will be done using this
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* locale.
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* @param type The plural type (e.g., cardinal or ordinal).
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 50
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale, UPluralType type, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new cardinal-number <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given pattern string.
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* The default locale will be used to get the set of plural rules and for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param pattern the pattern for this <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const UnicodeString& pattern, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new cardinal-number <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given pattern string and
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* locale.
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* The locale will be used to get the set of plural rules and for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param locale the <code>PluralFormat</code> will be configured with
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* rules for this locale. This locale will also be used for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param pattern the pattern for this <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale, const UnicodeString& pattern, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given set of rules, a
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* pattern and a locale.
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* @param rules defines the behavior of the <code>PluralFormat</code>
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* object.
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* @param pattern the pattern for this <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const PluralRules& rules,
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const UnicodeString& pattern,
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UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for a given set of rules, a
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* pattern and a locale.
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* @param locale the <code>PluralFormat</code> will be configured with
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* rules for this locale. This locale will also be used for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param rules defines the behavior of the <code>PluralFormat</code>
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* object.
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* @param pattern the pattern for this <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale,
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const PluralRules& rules,
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const UnicodeString& pattern,
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UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Creates a new <code>PluralFormat</code> for a plural type, a
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* pattern and a locale.
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* @param locale the <code>PluralFormat</code> will be configured with
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* rules for this locale. This locale will also be used for
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* standard number formatting.
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* @param type The plural type (e.g., cardinal or ordinal).
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* @param pattern the pattern for this <code>PluralFormat</code>.
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 50
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*/
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PluralFormat(const Locale& locale,
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UPluralType type,
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const UnicodeString& pattern,
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UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* copy constructor.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat(const PluralFormat& other);
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/**
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* Destructor.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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virtual ~PluralFormat();
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/**
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* Sets the pattern used by this plural format.
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* The method parses the pattern and creates a map of format strings
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* for the plural rules.
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* Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the class description.
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*
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* @param pattern the pattern for this plural format
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* errors are returned to status if the pattern is invalid.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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void applyPattern(const UnicodeString& pattern, UErrorCode& status);
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using Format::format;
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/**
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* Formats a plural message for a given number.
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*
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* @param number a number for which the plural message should be formatted
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* for. If no pattern has been applied to this
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* <code>PluralFormat</code> object yet, the formatted number
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* will be returned.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @return the string containing the formatted plural message.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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UnicodeString format(int32_t number, UErrorCode& status) const;
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/**
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* Formats a plural message for a given number.
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*
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* @param number a number for which the plural message should be formatted
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* for. If no pattern has been applied to this
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* PluralFormat object yet, the formatted number
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* will be returned.
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* @param status output param set to success or failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @return the string containing the formatted plural message.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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UnicodeString format(double number, UErrorCode& status) const;
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/**
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* Formats a plural message for a given number.
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*
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* @param number a number for which the plural message should be formatted
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* for. If no pattern has been applied to this
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* <code>PluralFormat</code> object yet, the formatted number
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* will be returned.
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* @param appendTo output parameter to receive result.
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* result is appended to existing contents.
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* @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired.
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* On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @return the string containing the formatted plural message.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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UnicodeString& format(int32_t number,
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UnicodeString& appendTo,
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FieldPosition& pos,
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UErrorCode& status) const;
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/**
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* Formats a plural message for a given number.
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*
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* @param number a number for which the plural message should be formatted
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* for. If no pattern has been applied to this
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* PluralFormat object yet, the formatted number
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* will be returned.
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* @param appendTo output parameter to receive result.
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* result is appended to existing contents.
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* @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired.
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* On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @return the string containing the formatted plural message.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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UnicodeString& format(double number,
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UnicodeString& appendTo,
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FieldPosition& pos,
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UErrorCode& status) const;
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#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
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/**
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* Sets the locale used by this <code>PluraFormat</code> object.
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* Note: Calling this method resets this <code>PluraFormat</code> object,
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* i.e., a pattern that was applied previously will be removed,
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* and the NumberFormat is set to the default number format for
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* the locale. The resulting format behaves the same as one
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* constructed from {@link #PluralFormat(const Locale& locale, UPluralType type, UErrorCode& status)}
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* with UPLURAL_TYPE_CARDINAL.
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* @param locale the <code>locale</code> to use to configure the formatter.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @deprecated ICU 50 This method clears the pattern and might create
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* a different kind of PluralRules instance;
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* use one of the constructors to create a new instance instead.
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*/
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void setLocale(const Locale& locale, UErrorCode& status);
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#endif /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
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/**
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* Sets the number format used by this formatter. You only need to
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* call this if you want a different number format than the default
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* formatter for the locale.
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* @param format the number format to use.
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* @param status output param set to success/failure code on exit, which
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* must not indicate a failure before the function call.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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void setNumberFormat(const NumberFormat* format, UErrorCode& status);
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/**
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* Assignment operator
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*
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* @param other the PluralFormat object to copy from.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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PluralFormat& operator=(const PluralFormat& other);
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/**
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* Return true if another object is semantically equal to this one.
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*
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* @param other the PluralFormat object to be compared with.
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* @return true if other is semantically equal to this.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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virtual UBool operator==(const Format& other) const;
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/**
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* Return true if another object is semantically unequal to this one.
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*
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* @param other the PluralFormat object to be compared with.
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* @return true if other is semantically unequal to this.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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virtual UBool operator!=(const Format& other) const;
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/**
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* Clones this Format object polymorphically. The caller owns the
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* result and should delete it when done.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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virtual Format* clone(void) const;
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/**
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* Formats a plural message for a number taken from a Formattable object.
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*
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* @param obj The object containing a number for which the
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* plural message should be formatted.
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* The object must be of a numeric type.
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* @param appendTo output parameter to receive result.
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* Result is appended to existing contents.
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* @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired.
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* On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
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* @param status output param filled with success/failure status.
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* @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
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* @stable ICU 4.0
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*/
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UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& obj,
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UnicodeString& appendTo,
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FieldPosition& pos,
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UErrorCode& status) const;
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/**
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* Returns the pattern from applyPattern() or constructor().
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*
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* @param appendTo output parameter to receive result.
|
|
* Result is appended to existing contents.
|
|
* @return the UnicodeString with inserted pattern.
|
|
* @stable ICU 4.0
|
|
*/
|
|
UnicodeString& toPattern(UnicodeString& appendTo);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* This method is not yet supported by <code>PluralFormat</code>.
|
|
* <P>
|
|
* Before calling, set parse_pos.index to the offset you want to start
|
|
* parsing at in the source. After calling, parse_pos.index is the end of
|
|
* the text you parsed. If error occurs, index is unchanged.
|
|
* <P>
|
|
* When parsing, leading whitespace is discarded (with a successful parse),
|
|
* while trailing whitespace is left as is.
|
|
* <P>
|
|
* See Format::parseObject() for more.
|
|
*
|
|
* @param source The string to be parsed into an object.
|
|
* @param result Formattable to be set to the parse result.
|
|
* If parse fails, return contents are undefined.
|
|
* @param parse_pos The position to start parsing at. Upon return
|
|
* this param is set to the position after the
|
|
* last character successfully parsed. If the
|
|
* source is not parsed successfully, this param
|
|
* will remain unchanged.
|
|
* @stable ICU 4.0
|
|
*/
|
|
virtual void parseObject(const UnicodeString& source,
|
|
Formattable& result,
|
|
ParsePosition& parse_pos) const;
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class.
|
|
*
|
|
* @stable ICU 4.0
|
|
*
|
|
*/
|
|
static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID(void);
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class.
|
|
*
|
|
* @stable ICU 4.0
|
|
*/
|
|
virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const;
|
|
|
|
#if (defined(__xlC__) && (__xlC__ < 0x0C00)) || (U_PLATFORM == U_PF_OS390) || (U_PLATFORM ==U_PF_OS400)
|
|
// Work around a compiler bug on xlC 11.1 on AIX 7.1 that would
|
|
// prevent PluralSelectorAdapter from implementing private PluralSelector.
|
|
// xlC error message:
|
|
// 1540-0300 (S) The "private" member "class icu_49::PluralFormat::PluralSelector" cannot be accessed.
|
|
public:
|
|
#else
|
|
private:
|
|
#endif
|
|
/**
|
|
* @internal
|
|
*/
|
|
class U_I18N_API PluralSelector : public UMemory {
|
|
public:
|
|
virtual ~PluralSelector();
|
|
/**
|
|
* Given a number, returns the appropriate PluralFormat keyword.
|
|
*
|
|
* @param context worker object for the selector.
|
|
* @param number The number to be plural-formatted.
|
|
* @param ec Error code.
|
|
* @return The selected PluralFormat keyword.
|
|
* @internal
|
|
*/
|
|
virtual UnicodeString select(void *context, double number, UErrorCode& ec) const = 0;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* @internal
|
|
*/
|
|
class U_I18N_API PluralSelectorAdapter : public PluralSelector {
|
|
public:
|
|
PluralSelectorAdapter() : pluralRules(NULL) {
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
virtual ~PluralSelectorAdapter();
|
|
|
|
virtual UnicodeString select(void *context, double number, UErrorCode& /*ec*/) const; /**< @internal */
|
|
|
|
void reset();
|
|
|
|
PluralRules* pluralRules;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
#if defined(__xlC__)
|
|
// End of xlC bug workaround, keep remaining definitions private.
|
|
private:
|
|
#endif
|
|
Locale locale;
|
|
MessagePattern msgPattern;
|
|
NumberFormat* numberFormat;
|
|
double offset;
|
|
PluralSelectorAdapter pluralRulesWrapper;
|
|
|
|
PluralFormat(); // default constructor not implemented
|
|
void init(const PluralRules* rules, UPluralType type, UErrorCode& status);
|
|
/**
|
|
* Copies dynamically allocated values (pointer fields).
|
|
* Others are copied using their copy constructors and assignment operators.
|
|
*/
|
|
void copyObjects(const PluralFormat& other);
|
|
|
|
UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& numberObject, double number,
|
|
UnicodeString& appendTo,
|
|
FieldPosition& pos,
|
|
UErrorCode& status) const; /**< @internal */
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Finds the PluralFormat sub-message for the given number, or the "other" sub-message.
|
|
* @param pattern A MessagePattern.
|
|
* @param partIndex the index of the first PluralFormat argument style part.
|
|
* @param selector the PluralSelector for mapping the number (minus offset) to a keyword.
|
|
* @param context worker object for the selector.
|
|
* @param number a number to be matched to one of the PluralFormat argument's explicit values,
|
|
* or mapped via the PluralSelector.
|
|
* @param ec ICU error code.
|
|
* @return the sub-message start part index.
|
|
*/
|
|
static int32_t findSubMessage(
|
|
const MessagePattern& pattern, int32_t partIndex,
|
|
const PluralSelector& selector, void *context, double number, UErrorCode& ec); /**< @internal */
|
|
|
|
void parseType(const UnicodeString& source, const NFRule *rbnfLenientScanner,
|
|
Formattable& result, FieldPosition& pos) const;
|
|
|
|
friend class MessageFormat;
|
|
friend class NFRule;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
U_NAMESPACE_END
|
|
|
|
#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING */
|
|
|
|
#endif // _PLURFMT
|
|
//eof
|