scuffed-code/icu4c
2002-03-07 19:06:00 +00:00
..
as_is ICU-597 New configure script 2002-01-12 01:19:35 +00:00
data ICU-1627 Remove transliterator source from resfiles.mk 2002-01-24 04:23:41 +00:00
debian ICU-678 have clean depend on upate-debian-files so that changelog gets 2002-03-02 05:13:27 +00:00
packaging ICU-678 change explanation of libicu-doc now that make doc uses doxugen 2002-01-03 06:56:08 +00:00
source ICU-1752 added test for bug fix [before] implementation. Also updated tests that use internal parsing APIs 2002-03-07 19:06:00 +00:00
.cvsignore ICU-648 Don't ignore debian. 2000-12-14 01:08:41 +00:00
license.html ICU-992 change the icu license to use the x license 2001-06-13 21:26:51 +00:00
readme.html ICU-1465 Undo changes for CVS revision tags. 2002-03-01 22:27:57 +00:00

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    <h1>International Components for Unicode<br>
     ICU 2.0 ReadMe</h1>

    <p>Version: 2002-Mar-01<br>
     Copyright &copy; 1997-2002 International Business Machines Corporation and
    others. All Rights Reserved.</p>
    <!-- Remember that there is a copyright at the end too -->
    <hr>

    <h2 class="TOC">Table of Contents</h2>

    <ul class="TOC">
      <li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>

      <li><a href="#GettingStarted">Getting started</a></li>

      <li><a href="#News">What is new in this release?</a></li>

      <li><a href="#Download">How to Download the Source Code</a></li>

      <li><a href="#SourceCode">ICU Source Code Organization</a></li>

      <li>
        <a href="#HowToBuild">How to Build And Install ICU</a>

        <ul class="TOC">
          <li><a href="#HowToBuildSupported">Supported Platforms</a></li>

          <li><a href="#HowToBuildWindows">Windows</a></li>

          <li><a href="#HowToBuildUnix">Unix</a></li>

          <li><a href="#HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 (zSeries)</a></li>

          <li><a href="#HowToBuildOS400">OS/400 (iSeries)</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>

      <li>
        <a href="#ImportantNotes">Important Notes About Using ICU</a>

        <ul class="TOC">
          <li><a href="#ImportantNotesWindows">Windows Platform</a></li>

          <li><a href="#ImportantNotesUnix">Unix Type Platforms</a></li>

          <li><a href="#ImportantNotesDefaultCP">Using the default
          codepage</a></li>

          <li><a href="#ImportantNotesDeprecatedAPI">Methods for enabling
          deprecated APIs</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>

      <li><a href="#PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a></li>
    </ul>
    <hr>

    <h2><a name="Introduction" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></h2>

    <p>Today's software market is a global one in which it is desirable to
    develop and maintain one application (single source/single binary) that
    supports a wide variety of languages. The International Components for
    Unicode (C/C++) provides tools to help write platform-independent
    applications that are internationalized and localized, with support
    for:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Support for the latest version of the Unicode standard</li>

      <li>Character set conversions, with support for over 200 codepages</li>

      <li>Locale data for more than 160 locales</li>

      <li>Text collation (sorting) based on the Unicode Collation Algorithm
      (=ISO 14651), customizable and tailored for national standards</li>

      <li>Transliteration services for script&lt;-&gt;script transliterations
      and general text operations</li>

      <li>Resource bundles for storing and accessing localized information</li>

      <li>Date/Number/Message formatting and parsing of culture-specific
      input/output formats</li>

      <li>Text boundary analysis for finding characters, word and sentence
      boundaries</li>
    </ul>

    <p>ICU has a sister project <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/">ICU4J</a> that extends the
    internationalization capabilities of Java to a level similar to ICU. The
    ICU C/C++ project is also called ICU4C when a distinction is necessary.</p>

    <h2><a name="#GettingStarted" href="#GettingStarted">Getting
    started</a></h2>

    <p>This document describes how to build and install ICU on your machine.
    For other information about ICU please see the following table of
    links.<br>
     The ICU homepage also links to related information about writing
    internationalized software.</p>

    <table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="100%" summary="">
      <caption>
        Here are some useful links regarding ICU and internationalization in
        general.
      </caption>

      <tr>
        <td>ICU Homepage</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>ICU4J Homepage</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about ICU</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icufaq.html">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icufaq.html</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>ICU User's Guide</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Download ICU Releases</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>API Documentation Online</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Online ICU Demos</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/demo/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/demo/</a></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Contacts &amp; Bug Reports/Feature Requests</td>

        <td><a href=
        "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/</a></td>
      </tr>
    </table>

    <p><strong>Important:</strong> Please make sure you understand the <a href=
    "license.html">Copyright and License Information</a>.</p>

    <h2><a name="News" href="#News">What is new in this release?</a></h2>

    <p>The following list concentrates on changes that affect existing
    applications migrating from previous ICU releases. For more news about this
    release, see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/2.0/">ICU 2.0 download
    page</a>.</p>

    <h3>Support for Unicode 3.1.1</h3>

    <p>ICU 2.0 has been upgraded to support <a href=
    "http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/Unicode3.1.1.html">Unicode
    3.1.1</a>, which includes the addition of 44,946 new encoded characters.
    These characters cover several historic scripts, several sets of symbols,
    and a very large collection of additional CJK ideographs.</p>

    <p>As part of this upgrade, a number of ICU services have been reviewed and
    improved with regards to handling supplementary characters (surrogate
    pairs). Especially, normalization is revamped for support of supplementary
    characters and higher performance.</p>

    <h3>Euro transition</h3>

    <p>Locale data for countries that are switching their national currencies
    to the Euro is updated to use the Euro symbol and appropriate currency
    formatting. The old data is available in _PREEURO locale variants. The
    _EURO variant selector can still be used to unambiguously get Euro currency
    symbol formatting. For some time around the transition, software should
    explicitly specify _PREEURO and _EURO variants to make sure to get the
    intended currency format.</p>

    <p>For more on this topic see the <a href=
    "http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/unicode/library/u-euro/">developerWorks
    article "Are you really ready for the Euro?"</a>.</p>

    <h3>API changes</h3>

    <p>Functions that take C-style string input arguments with const UChar *src
    and int32_t srcLength now consistently treat srcLength==-1 to mean that the
    input string is NUL-terminated and get srcLength=u_strlen(src).</p>

    <p>Functions that take C-style string output arguments with UChar *dest and
    int32_t destCapacity now handle NUL-termination of the output string
    consistently. If the output length is equal to destCapacity, then dest is
    filled with the output string and a warning code is set. For details about
    string handling see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/strings.html">User's Guide
    Strings chapter</a>.</p>

    <p>Some APIs have been <i>deprecated</i> for a long time (more than a year)
    and have been removed now.<br>
     Some other APIs have been marked as <i>deprecated</i> because they are
    replaced by improved APIs; the newly deprecated APIs will be available for
    another year. In particular, the C++ classes UnicodeConverter, Unicode, and
    BiDi are deprecated in favor of the equally powerful C APIs.<br>
     A few <i>draft</i> APIs have changed, especially for transliteration.</p>

    <p>APIs that take a rules or pattern string (for collation,
    transliteration, message formats, etc.) now also take a
    <code>UParseError</code> structure that is filled with useful debugging
    information when a rule syntax error is detected. This makes it easier in
    large rules to find problems. As a result, the signatures of some functions
    have changed. The old signatures will be available for about a year by
    #defining a constant. See affected header files for details.</p>

    <p>The C++ Normalizer class had a partially broken model for iterative
    normalization; this is redone in a more consistent way. See the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/class_Normalizer.html">Normalizer
    API documentation</a> for details.</p>

    <h3>Memory and resource cleanup</h3>

    <p>ICU is carefully tested for memory leaks. Some memory is held in
    internal caches that do not normally get released during normal operation.
    These are not leaks because ICU continues to use them as necessary.</p>

    <p>For testing purposes (for memory leaks) and for a small number of
    applications it can be useful to close all the memory that is allocated for
    a library. ICU 2.0 supports this with a new function <code><a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/uclean_h.html">u_cleanup()</a></code>
    that may be called after an application has released all ICU objects.
    <code>u_cleanup()</code> will then release all of ICU's internal memory.
    The ICU libraries can then even be unloaded cleanly without shutting down
    the process.</p>

    <h3>ICU versioning - C++ namespaces</h3>

    <p>Beginning with ICU 2.0, multiple releases of ICU can be used in the same
    process. Together with an arbitrary number of post-2.0 releases, one
    pre-2.0 release can be loaded and active.</p>

    <p>This is achieved by renaming all library exports to include a release
    number suffix. Each global function and each class is renamed in this way
    using a header file with #defines. For C++, if the compiler supports
    namespaces, all ICU C++ classes are defined in the "icu" namespace. If the
    compiler does not support namespaces, then the classes are renamed instead.
    This change also reduces the chance of naming collisions with other
    libraries.</p>

    <p>For details see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/design.html">User's Guide Design
    Chapter</a>.</p>

    <h3>Data loading changed</h3>

    <p>ICU data loading is simplified for most users. By default, the ICU build
    creates a DLL/shared library that is linked directly with the common
    library (<code>[lib]icuuc</code>). By placing all ICU libraries including
    the data library into the same folder, ICU should start up and find its
    data immediately. Dynamic loading of data from DLLs/shared libraries is not
    supported any more.</p>

    <p>Before ICU 2.0, ICU did not itself link directly with its data library,
    but some ICU applications did (like the Xerces XML parser) and called
    <code>udata_setCommonData()</code>. This is not necessary any more in the
    default case.<br>
     On the other hand, this same technique can now be used to efficiently load
    application data (e.g., for its own localization). An application can build
    a data DLL/library of its own, link it, and call the new API
    <code>udata_setAppData()</code>.</p>

    <p>For details on finding and loading ICU data and on options for portable,
    common data files etc. see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icudata.html">User's Guide ICU
    Data Chapter</a>.</p>

    <h3>Collation improvements</h3>

    <p>The performance of Japanese Katakana collation is improved, and the
    Japanese collation is changed for conformance with the JIS X 4061 standard.
    The improvement is in the handling of the length and iteration marks,
    making the processing of regular letters faster.</p>

    <p>The JIS X 4061 standard specifies a 5-level sorting algorithm. Sorting
    with all five levels according to JIS is achieved in ICU 2.0 with the
    "identical" strength. The fifth level distinguishes regular character codes
    from compatibility variants.</p>

    <p>There is special code to handle the fourth (quarternary) level of the
    JIS standard, which distinguishes between Hiragana and Katakana letters. In
    ICU 2.0 string comparisons (like ucol_strcoll), when using the "shifted"
    option, this is slow because it generates complete sort keys for both
    strings. This is not an issue if the "shifted" option is not used, or if
    the string comparison is done with fewer levels.</p>

    <p>Quarternary strength, without the "shifted" option, is the default for
    Japanese collation in ICU 2.0.</p>

    <p>Three-level sorting (tertiary strength) and lower &mdash; if sufficient
    &mdash; is faster even with "shifted" on (for string comparisons:
    <em>much</em> faster in this case).</p>

    <h3>License Change (for ICU 1.8.1 and up)</h3>

    <p>The ICU projects (ICU4C and ICU4J) have changed their licenses from the
    IPL (IBM Public License) to the X license. The X license is a non-viral and
    recommended free software license that is compatible with the GNU GPL
    license. This is effective starting with release 1.8.1 of ICU4C and release
    1.3.1 of ICU4J. All previous ICU releases will continue to utilize the IPL.
    New ICU releases will adopt the X license. The users of previous releases
    of ICU will need to accept the terms and conditions of the X license in
    order to adopt the new ICU releases.</p>

    <p>The main effect of the change is to provide GPL compatibility. The X
    license is listed as GPL compatible, see the gnu page at <a href=
    "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses</a>.</p>

    <p>The text of the X license is available at <a href=
    "http://www.x.org/terms.htm">http://www.x.org/terms.htm</a>. The IBM
    version contains the essential text of the license, omitting the X-specific
    trademarks and copyright notices.</p>

    <p>For more details please see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/press.html">press announcement</a> and the
    <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/project_faq.html#license">Project
    FAQ</a>.</p>

    <h3>Transliterator improvements</h3>

    <p>The transliterator service has undergone an extensive overhaul, in both
    the rule-based engine and the built-in system rules. For a complete
    description see the <a href=
    "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/Transliteration.html">User's
    Guide chapter on transliteration</a>.</p>

    <ul>
      <li><b>New or rewritten rules:</b> <tt>Any-Accents</tt>,
      <tt>Any-Publishing</tt>, <tt>Cyrillic-Latin</tt>*, <tt>Greek-Latin</tt>*,
      <tt>Greek-Latin/UNGEGN</tt> (aka <tt>el-Latin</tt>),
      <tt>Hiragana-Latin</tt>*, and <tt>Latin-Katakana</tt>*. New algorithmic
      rules include <tt>Any-Name</tt>*, the normalization rules
      <tt>Any-NFC</tt>, <tt>Any-NFKC</tt>, <tt>Any-NFD</tt>, and
      <tt>Any-NFKD</tt>, casing rules <tt>Any-Upper</tt>, <tt>Any-Lower</tt>,
      and <tt>Any-Title</tt>. <tt>Unicode-Hex</tt>* has been renamed
      <tt>Any-Hex</tt>*. <tt>Any-Remove</tt> deletes its input. [*<em>applies
      to reverse rule as well</em>]</li>

      <li><b>Indic script rules:</b> Transliterators between Indic scripts and
      from each script to and from Latin have been completely revised. Scripts
      included are Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam,
      Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu. Taking Bengali as an example, transliterators
      <tt>Bengali-X</tt> and <tt>X-Bengali</tt> exist, where X is any of the
      other listed Indic scripts, or Latin.</li>

      <li><b>Deleted rules:</b> <tt>UnicodeName-UnicodeChar</tt> has been
      replaced by <tt>Any-Name</tt>*. <tt>Latin-Arabic</tt>* and
      <tt>Latin-Hebrew</tt>* have been removed until they can be rewritten.
      <tt>KeyboardEscape-Latin1</tt> has been replaced by <tt>Any-Accents</tt>
      and <tt>Any-Publishing</tt>. <tt>Latin-Kana</tt>* has been replaced by
      <tt>Latin-Katakana</tt>* and <tt>Latin-Hiragana</tt>*. [*<em>applies to
      reverse rule as well</em>]</li>

      <li><b>ID syntax changes:</b> Transliterator IDs ignore case and
      whitespace now. They now have the standard form
      <em>[filter]source-target/variant</em>. The "<em>[filter]</em>" element
      is optional; if present, it limits the characters that the transliterator
      operates on. The "<em>source-</em>" element is optional; if omitted, it
      is taken to be <tt>Any</tt>. The "<em>/variant</em>" element is also
      optional; if present, it selects between different flavors of a related
      set of transliterators, for example, <tt>Greek-Latin</tt> and
      <tt>Greek-Latin/UNGEGN</tt>. The source, target, and variant specifiers
      are case-insensitive strings of the form
      <tt>/[_[:L:]][_[:L:][:N:]]*/</tt>.</li>

      <li>
        <b>Locale support:</b> The source, target, or both may be locales. In
        this case the transliterator rules will be looked up in the system
        locale resource bundles. Rules are sought under three tags, listed
        below. The text after the underscore in each tag is always
        canonicalized to uppercase before lookup. <em>Note: The underscore is
        currently omitted from ICU4C tags, but will be restored when
        possible.</em>

        <ul>
          <li><tt>TransliterateTo_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>: Unidirectional rules
          from the enclosing locale to another script or specifier.</li>

          <li><tt>TransliterateFrom_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>: Unidirectional rules
          from another script or specifier to the enclosing locale.</li>

          <li><tt>Transliterate_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>: Bidirectional rules, with
          the forward direction being To and the reverse direction being
          From.</li>
        </ul>
        Lookup proceeds in the following order:

        <ul>
          <li>In the dynamic registry: <em>source-target</em></li>

          <li>In the <em>source</em> locale:
          <tt>TransliterateTo_<em>TARGET</em></tt> then
          <tt>Transliterate_<em>TARGET</em></tt> (forward direction)</li>

          <li>In the <em>target</em> locale:
          <tt>TransliterateFrom_<em>SOURCE</em></tt> then
          <tt>Transliterate_<em>SOURCE</em></tt> (reverse direction)</li>
        </ul>
        If either the source or target specifier is not a locale then the
        corresponding locale lookup is skipped. If either is a locale, then
        locale fallback from <tt>aa_BB_CCC</tt> to <tt>aa_BB</tt> to
        <tt>aa</tt> is performed (where <tt>aa</tt>, <tt>BB</tt>, and
        <tt>CCC</tt> are the locale language, country, and variant). The final
        fallback is from the specifier, whether it is a locale or not (e.g.,
        script abbreviation), to the long script name associated with that
        specifier. If a tag lookup succeeds, the attached element should be a
        string array of <i>2n</i> items where <i>n</i> &gt;= 1. Each pair of
        strings is a variant name and rule string. The variants are matched
        against the requested variant. If no variant is specified then the
        first variant is considered to match.
      </li>

      <li><b>Filters on compounds IDs:</b> A filter on a compound
      transliterator can now be specified by giving a leading entry that
      contains a filter and no transliterator ID. For example, "<tt>[abc];
      Latin-Katakana; Katakana-Hiragana</tt>" submits only the characters
      contained in the UnicodeSet <tt>[abc]</tt> to the compound transliterator
      <tt>Latin-Katakana; Katakana-Hiragana</tt>.</li>

      <li><b>Explicit reverse IDs:</b> Typically if a transliterator
      <tt>A-B</tt> is formed, and its inverse is requested, the system tries to
      create <tt>B-A</tt>. That is, the source and target are exchanged. In
      some cases, the user may wish a different transliterator to be considered
      the reverse. In order to do this, the reverse ID is specified in
      parentheses immediately following the ID. For example, "<tt>A-B
      (B-C)</tt>" is a transliterator <tt>A-B</tt> whose inverse is
      <tt>B-C</tt>. If the ID of the inverse is requested, "<tt>B-C (A-B)</tt>"
      is returned. The forward or reverse component may be empty, so
      "<tt>(B-C)</tt>" and "<tt>A-B()</tt>" are legal IDs with <tt>Null</tt>
      transliterator for the forward and reverse direction, respectively. This
      is most useful in compounds where one element has no inverse or where a
      different inverse from the standard inverse is desired. For example,
      "<tt>Any-Lower(); Latin-Cyrillic</tt>".</li>

      <li><b>Quantifiers:</b> Transliterator rules may now contain quantifiers
      '<tt>*</tt>', '<tt>+</tt>', and '<tt>?</tt>'. These indicate zero or
      more, one or more, and zero or one matches, respectively. Quantifiers
      apply to the last element, be it a single character, a UnicodeSet, a
      segment definition, or a quote; the entire preceding element is repeated.
      Quantifiers are implemented as greedy, non-backtracking matchers, unlike
      their typical implementation in regular expressions. As a result,
      expressions that match in a traditional regular expression engine (e.g.,
      Perl) will not match in transliterator. E.g., "[a-z]+ q &gt; x;" will
      <em>not</em> match "abcq", since the '<tt>+</tt>' quantifier consumes all
      four characters.</li>

      <li><b>Dot character:</b> A new special character is recognized in rules,
      '<tt>.</tt>' (U+0020). This character matches any characters in the set
      <tt>[^[:Zp:][:Zl:]\r\n$]</tt>. Note the trailing '<tt>$</tt>' in the set
      pattern, which indicates that the ETHER character is <em>not</em> matched
      by '<tt>.</tt>'.</li>

      <li><b>::ID blocks in rules:</b> Transliterator IDs may now be included
      in rule sets. These may occur in two locations: as one contiguous block
      before any other rules, and as one contiguous block after all rules. The
      effect of placing <tt>::ID</tt>s into a rule set is to enclose the
      rule-based transliterator within a compound transliterator containing the
      indicated IDs. The <tt>::ID</tt> syntax is exactly the same as the
      standard ID syntax, with the difference that each ID element is preceded
      by the special token "<tt>::</tt>".</li>

      <li><b>Segment definitions more flexible:</b> Segment definitions may be
      nested and are now unlimited in number. Prior to 2.0, segments could not
      be nested and were limited to nine ($1 to $9).</li>

      <li><b>Variable range pragma:</b> A new pragma is supported. This follows
      the syntax:<code>use variable range 0xE800 0xEFFF;</code> (Any two code
      points may be specified.) The code points are specified as decimal
      constants, octal constants with a leading '0', or hexadecimal constants
      with a leading "0x". The given range is used internally for stand-in
      characters during processing. The default range is <b>0xF000..0xF8FF</b>.
      If a rule set explicitly uses characters in the default variable range, a
      new range, not containing any characters in use in the rule set, must be
      specified. <em>Note:</em> This is the first of several planned
      pragmas.</li>

      <li><b>Factory method registration:</b> Factory methods (function
      pointers in ICU4C; functor objects in ICU4J) may be registered against
      transliterator IDs. This is generally more efficient than the
      registration of singleton prototypes, since no actual transliterator
      object need be created until the user requires one. See the
      <tt>registerFactory()</tt> method in <tt>Transliterator</tt>.</li>

      <li><b>Filtering semantics changed for subclasses:</b> Subclasses now
      need not concern themselves with filters. Instead, they may assume that
      all characters received by <tt>handleTransliterate()</tt> have already
      passed through the filter. This simplifies subclass code greatly.</li>
    </ul>

    <h3><a name="NewsUnicodeSet">UnicodeSet Improvements</a></h3>

    <ul>
      <li><b><tt>[:Any:]</tt> set:</b> The set <tt>[:Any:]</tt> matches all
      Unicode code points, that is, U+0000..U+10FFFF.</li>

      <li><b><tt>\p{}</tt> syntax:</b> UnicodeSet now recognizes a Perlish
      syntax for character properties. Any property designated as
      <tt>[:Foo:]</tt> may equivalently be designated <tt>\p{Foo}</tt>.</li>

      <li><b>Short, medium, and long property names:</b> In addition to the
      short property names, such as <tt>[:Ll:]</tt>, equivalent medium (e.g.,
      <tt>[:gc=Ll:]</tt>) and long (e.g.,
      <tt>[:GeneralCategory=LowercaseLetter:]</tt>) forms are recognized. See
      the <a href=
      "http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/unicodeset_properties.html">
      UnicodeSet Properties design document</a> for details. As of this
      release, general categories, numeric value, and script are
      supported.</li>
    </ul>
    <hr>

    <h2><a name="Download" href="#Download">How to Download the Source
    Code</a></h2>

    <p>There are two ways to download ICU releases:</p>

    <ul>
      <li><strong>Official Release Snapshot:</strong><br>
       If you want to use ICU (as opposed to developing it), you should
      download an official packaged version of the ICU source code. These
      versions are tested more thoroughly than day-to-day development builds of
      the system, and they are packaged in zip and tar files for convenient
      download. These packaged files can be found at <a href=
      "http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a>.<br>

       The packaged snapshots are named <strong>icu-nnnn.zip</strong> or
      <strong>icu-nnnn.tgz</strong>, where nnnn is the version number. The .zip
      file is used for Windows platforms, while the .tgz file is preferred on
      most other platforms.<br>
       Please unzip this file. It will reconstruct the source directory,
      including anonymous CVS control directories (see below).</li>

      <li><strong>CVS Source Repository:</strong><br>
       If you are interested in developing features, patches, or bug fixes for
      ICU, you should probably be working with the latest version of the ICU
      source code. You will need to check the code out of our CVS repository to
      ensure that you have the most recent version of all of the files. See our
      <a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/develop/cvs.html">CVS page</a>
      for details.</li>
    </ul>

    <h2><a name="SourceCode" href="#SourceCode">ICU Source Code
    Organization</a></h2>

    <p>In the descriptions below, <strong><i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i></strong> is the
    full path name of the icu directory - the top level directory from the
    distribution archives - in your file system.</p>

    <table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
      <caption>
        The following files describe the code drop.
      </caption>

      <tr>
        <td>readme.html</td>

        <td>Describes the International Components for Unicode (this file)</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>license.html</td>

        <td>Contains the text of the ICU license</td>
      </tr>
    </table>

    <p><br>
    </p>

    <table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
      <caption>
        The following directories contain source code and data files.
      </caption>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>/source/<b>common</b>/
			</td>

			<td>
				The core Unicode and support functionality, such as resource bundles,
				character properties, locales, codepage conversion, normalization, Unicode
				properties, Locale, and UnicodeString.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>/source/<b>i18n</b>/
			</td>

			<td>
				Modules in i18n are generally the more data-driven, that is to say
				resource bundle driven, components. These deal with higher level internationalization
				issues such as formatting, collation, text break analysis, and transliteration.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>/source/<b>data</b>
			</td>

			<td>This directory contains the source data in text format which is compiled
				into binary form during the ICU build process. It contains several subdirectories,
				in which the data files are grouped by function. Note that the build process
				must be run again after any changes are made to this directory.
				<ul>
					<li>
						<b>brkitr/</b>&nbsp;<b> </b>Data files for character, word, sentence,
						title casing and line boundary analysis.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>locales/</b>&nbsp; These .txt files contain ICU language and culture-specific
						localization data. Two special bundles are <b>root</b>, which is the fallback
						data and parent of other bundles, and <b>index</b> which contains a list
						of installed bundles. The makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b> contains the list
						of resource bundle files.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>mappings/</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; Here are the <b>code page converter tables,</b>
						.ucm files containing mappings to and from Unicode. These are compiled
						into .cnv files. <b>convrtrs.txt</b> is the alias mapping table from various
						converter name formats to ICU internal format and vice versa. It produces
						cnvalias.dat. The makefiles which contain the list of converters to be
						built are <b>ucmfiles.mk, ucmcore.mk, </b>and <b>ucmebcdic.mk.</b>
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>translit/&nbsp;</b>&nbsp; This directory contains Transliterator rules
						as resource bundles, a makefile <b>trnsfiles.mk</b> containing the list
						of installed system translitaration files, and as well the special bundle
						<b>translit_index</b>
						which lists the system transliterator aliases.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>unidata/</b> This directory contains the Unicode data files. Please
						see <a href="http://www.unicode.org/">http://www.unicode.org/</a> for more
						information.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>misc/</b>&nbsp; The misc directory contains other data files which did
						not fit into the above categories. Currently it only contains <b>timezone.txt,</b>
						a generated file which is compiled into tz.dat, and containing time zone
						information.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>out/ </b>This directory contains the assembled memory mapped files.
					</li>

					<li>
						<b>out/build </b>This directory contains intermediate (compiled) files,
						such as .cnv, .res, etc.
					</li>
				</ul>
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/test/<b>intltest</b>/
			</td>

			<td>
				A test suite including all C++ APIs. For information about running
				the test suite, see the users' guide.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/test/<b>cintltst</b>/
			</td>

			<td>
				A test suite written in C, including all C APIs. For information about
				running the test suite, see the users' guide.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/test/<b>testdata</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Source text files for data which is read by the tests. It contains
				the subdirectories <b>out/build/</b> which is used for intermediate files,
				and <b>out/ </b>which contains the files <b>test1.cnv</b> through <b>test4.cnv,</b>
				and <b>testdata.dat.</b>&nbsp; Note that the tests call u_setDataDirectory("&lt;ICU>/source/test/testdata/lib"),
				so that ICU will load these files as if they were part of the ICU data
				package, for testing purposes. This was formerly accomplished by setting
				the ICU_DATA environment variable to point at these files. ICU_DATA should
				not be set under normal circumstances.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>/source/<b>tools</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Tools for generating the data files. Data files are generated by invoking
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/data/build/makedata.bat
				on Win32 or <i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/make on Unix.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/<b>samples</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Various sample programs that use ICU
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/<b>extra</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Non-supported API additions. Currently, it contains the 'ustdio' file
				i/o library
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/<b>layout</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Contains the ICU layout engine (not a rasterizer).
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/<b>packaging</b>
				<br><i>&lt;ICU></i>/<b>debian</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				These directories contain scripts and tools for packaging the final
				ICU build for various release platforms.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/<b>config</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Contains helper makefiles for platform specific build commands. Used
				by 'configure'.
			</td>
		</tr>

		<tr>
			<td>
				<i>&lt;ICU></i>/source/<b>allinone</b>
			</td>

			<td>
				Contains top-level ICU project files, for instance to build all of
				ICU under one MSVC project.
			</td>
		</tr>
    </table>
    <!-- end of ICU structure ==================================== -->

    <h2><a name="HowToBuild" href="#HowToBuild">How To Build And Install
    ICU</a></h2>

    <h3><a name="HowToBuildSupported" href="#HowToBuildSupported">Supported
    Platforms</a></h3>

    <table border="1" cellpadding="3" summary="">
      <caption>
        Here is a status of functionality of ICU on several different
        platforms.
      </caption>

      <tr>
        <th>Operating system</th>

        <th>Compiler</th>

        <th>Testing frequency</th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Windows 98/NT/2000</td>

        <td>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0</td>

        <td>Reference platform</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Red Hat Linux 6.1</td>

        <td>gcc 2.95.2</td>

        <td>Reference platform</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>AIX 4.3.3</td>

        <td>xlC 3.6.4</td>

        <td>Reference platform</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Solaris 2.6</td>

        <td>Workshop Pro CC 4.2</td>

        <td>Reference platform</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>HP/UX 11.01</td>

        <td>aCC A.12.10</td>

        <td>Reference platform</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>AIX 5.1.0 L</td>

        <td>Visual Age C++ 5.0</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Solaris 2.7</td>

        <td>Workshop Pro CC 6.0</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Solaris 2.6</td>

        <td>gcc 2.91.66</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>FreeBSD 4.4</td>

        <td>gcc 2.95.3</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>HP/UX 11.01</td>

        <td>CC A.03.10</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>OS/390 (zSeries)</td>

        <td>CC r10</td>

        <td>Regularly tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>AS/400 (iSeries) V5R1</td>

        <td>iCC</td>

        <td>Rarely tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>NetBSD, OpenBSD</td>

        <td>&nbsp;</td>

        <td>Rarely tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>SGI/IRIX</td>

        <td>&nbsp;</td>

        <td>Rarely tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>PTX</td>

        <td>&nbsp;</td>

        <td>Rarely tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>OS/2</td>

        <td>Visual Age</td>

        <td>Rarely tested</td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>Macintosh</td>

        <td>&nbsp;</td>

        <td>Needs help to port</td>
      </tr>
    </table>

    <p><br>
    </p>

    <p><strong>Key to testing frequency</strong></p>

    <dl>
      <dt><i>Reference platform</i></dt>

      <dd>ICU will work on these platforms with these compilers</dd>

      <dt><i>Regularly tested</i></dt>

      <dd>ICU should work on these platforms with these compilers</dd>

      <dt><i>Rarely tested</i></dt>

      <dd>ICU has been ported to these platforms but may not have been tested
      there recently</dd>
    </dl>

    <h3><a name="HowToBuildWindows" href="#HowToBuildWindows">How To Build And
    Install On Windows</a></h3>

    <p>Building International Components for Unicode requires:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Microsoft NT 4.0 and above, or Windows 98 and above</li>

      <li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 (Service Pack 2 is required to work with the
      release build of max speed optimization).</li>
    </ul>

    <p>The steps are:</p>

    <ol>
      <li>Unzip the icu-XXXX.zip file into any convenient location. Using
      command line zip, type "unzip -a icu-XXXX.zip -d drive:\directory", or
      just use WinZip.</li>

      <li>Be sure that the ICU binary directory, <i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin\, is
      included in the <strong>PATH</strong> environment variable. The tests
      will not work without the location of the ICU dll files in the path.</li>

      <li>Set the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to
      <strong>PST8PDT</strong>. The tests will not work in any other
      timezone.</li>

      <li>Open the "<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\source\allinone\allinone.dsw" workspace
      file in Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. (This workspace includes all the
      International Components for Unicode libraries, necessary ICU building
      tools, and the intltest and cintltest test suite projects). Please see
      the note below if you want to build from the command line instead.</li>

      <li>Set the active Project to the "all" project. To do this: Choose
      "Project" menu, and select "Set active project". In the submenu, select
      the "all" workspace.</li>

      <li>Set the active configuration to "Win32 Debug" or "Win32 Release" (See
      <a href="#HowToBuildWindowsConfig">note</a> below).</li>

      <li>Choose the "Build" menu and select "Rebuild All". If you want to
      build the Debug and Release at the same time, see the <a href=
      "#HowToBuildWindowsBatch">note</a> below.</li>

      <li>Run the C++ test suite, "intltest". To do this: set the active
      project to "intltest", and press F5 to run it.</li>

      <li>Run the C test suite, "cintltst". To do this: set the active project
      to "cintltst", and press F5 to run it.</li>

      <li>Make sure that both "cintltst" and "intltest" passed without any
      errors. The return codes are non-zero when they do not pass. Visual C++
      will display the return codes in the debug tag of the output window. When
      "intltest" and "cintltest" return 0, it means that everything is
      installed correctly. You can press Ctrl+F5 on the test project to run the
      test and see what error messages were displayed (if any tests
      failed).</li>

      <li>Reset the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to its original
      value, unless you plan on testing ICU any further.</li>

      <li>You are now able to develop applications with ICU.</li>
    </ol>

    <p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsCommandLine"><strong>Using MSDEV At The
    Command Line Note:</strong></a> You can build ICU from the command line.
    Assuming that you have properly installed Microsoft Visual C++ to support
    command line execution, you can run the following command, 'msdev
    <i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\source\allinone\allinone.dsw /MAKE "ALL"'.</p>

    <p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsConfig"><strong>Setting Active Configuration
    Note:</strong></a> To set the active configuration, two different
    possibilities are:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Choose "Build" menu, select "Set Active Configuration", and select
      "Win32 Release" or "Win32 Debug".</li>

      <li>Another way is to select "Customize" in the "Tools" menu, select the
      "Toolbars" tab, enable "Build" instead of "Build Minibar", and click on
      "Close". This will bring up a toolbar which you can move aside the other
      permanent toolbars at the top of the MSVC window. The advantage is that
      you now have an easy-to-reach pop-up menu that will always show the
      currently selected active configuration. Or, you can drag the project and
      configuration selections and drop them on the menu bar for later
      selection.</li>
    </ul>

    <p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsBatch"><strong>Batch Configuration
    Note:</strong></a> If you want to build the Debug and Release
    configurations at the same time, choose "Build" menu and select "Batch
    Build..." instead (and mark all configurations as checked), then click the
    button named "Rebuild All". The "all" workspace will build all the test
    programs as well as the tools for generating binary locale data files. The
    "makedata" project will be run automatically to convert the locale data
    files from text format into icudata.dll.</p>

    <h3><a name="HowToBuildUnix" href="#HowToBuildUnix">How To Build And
    Install On Unix</a></h3>

    <p>Building International Components for Unicode on Unix requires:</p>

    <p>A UNIX C++ compiler, (gcc, cc, xlc_r, etc...) installed on the target
    machine. A recent version of GNU make (3.7+). For a list of OS/390 tools
    please view the <a href="#HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 build section</a> of this
    document for further details.</p>

    <p>The steps are:</p>

    <ol>
      <li>Decompress the icuXXXX.tar (or icuXXXX.tgz) file. For example,
      <tt>gunzip -d &lt; icuXXXX.tgz | tar xvf -</tt></li>

      <li>Change directory to the "icu/source".</li>

      <li>chmod +x runConfigureICU install-sh</li>

      <li>Run the <a href="source/runConfigureICU">runConfigureICU</a> script
      for your platform. If you are not using the runConfigureICU script or
      your platform is not supported by the script, you need to set your CC,
      CXX, CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS environment variables, and type "./configure".
      You can type "./configure --help" to print the available options.</li>

      <li>Type "gmake" to compile the libraries and all the data files.</li>

      <li>
        Optionally, type "gmake check" to verify the test suite.

        <ul>
          <li>
            <b>Note:</b> You may have to set certain variables if you with to
            run test programs individually, that is apart from "make check".
            The <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable needs to be set to
            <strong>PST8PDT</strong>. Also, the environment variable
            <strong>ICU_DATA</strong> must be set to the full pathname of the
            data directory, to indicate where the locale data files and
            conversion mapping tables are. The trailing "/" is required after
            the directory name (e.g. "$Root/source/data/" will work, but the
            value "$Root/source/data" is not acceptable).

            <p>When running samples or other applications, ICU_DATA only needs
            to be set if the data is not installed (such as via 'make install')
            into the default location.</p>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </li>

      <li>Type "gmake install" to install.</li>
    </ol>

    <p>Some platforms use package management tools to control the installation
    and uninstallation of files on the system, as well as the integrity of the
    system configuration. You may want to check if ICU can be packaged for your
    package management tools by looking into the "packaging" directory. (Please
    note that if you are using a snapshot of ICU from CVS, it is probable that
    the packaging scripts or related files are not up to date with the contents
    of ICU at this time, so use them with caution.)</p>

    <h3><a name="HowToBuildOS390" href="#HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 (zSeries)
    Platform</a></h3>

    <p>If you are building on the OS/390 UNIX System Services platform, it is
    important that you understand a few details:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>The gnu utilities gmake and gzip/gunzip are needed and can be
      obtained for OS/390 from <a href=
      "http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc">
      z/OS Unix - Tools and Toys</a>. Documentation on these tools can be found
      at the <a href=
      "http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg245944.html">
      Open Source Software for OS/390 UNIX</a> Red Book.</li>

      <li>Encoding considerations: The source code assumes that it is compiled
      with codepage ibm-1047 (to be exact, the UNIX System Services variant of
      it). The pax command converts all of the source code files from ASCII to
      codepage ibm-1047 (USS) EBCDIC. However, some files are binary files and
      must not be converted, or must be converted back to their original state.
      You can use the <a href="as_is/os390/unpax-icu.sh">unpax-icu.sh</a>
      script to do this for you automatically. It will unpackage the tar file
      and convert all the necessary files for you automatically.
      <!--The files that must not be converted to ibm-1047 are the
                                            following:

                                            <ul>
                                              <li>All UTF-8 files</li>

                                              <li>icu/data/*.brk</li>

                                              <li>icu/source/test/testdata/uni-text.bin</li>

                                              <li>icu/source/test/testdata/th18057.txt</li>
                                            </ul>
                                            Such a conversion can be done using iconv:<br>
                                             <code>iconv -f IBM-1047 -t ISO8859-1 uni-text.bin &gt;
                                            uni-text.bin</code-->
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>OS/390 supports both native S/390 hexadecimal floating point and,
        (with Version 2.6 and later) IEEE binary floating point. This is a
        compile time option. Applications built with IEEE should use ICU dlls
        that are built with IEEE (and vice versa). The environment variable
        IEEE390=1 will cause the OS/390 version of ICU to be built with IEEE
        floating point. The default is native hexadecimal floating point.<br>
         <em>Important:</em> Currently (ICU 1.4.2), native floating point
        support is sufficient for codepage conversion, resource bundle and
        UnicodeString operations, but the Format APIs, especially ChoiceFormat,
        require IEEE binary floating point.</p>

        <p>Examples for configuring ICU:<br>
         Debug build: <code>IEEE390=1 ./runConfigureICU --enable-debug
        zOS/cxx</code><br>
         Release build: <code>IEEE390=1 ./runConfigureICU zOS/cxx</code></p>
      </li>

      <li>Since the default make on OS/390 is not gmake, the pkgdata tool
      requires that the "make" command is aliased to your installed version of
      gmake.</li>

      <li>The makedep executable that is used with the OS/390 ICU build process
      is not shipped with ICU. It is available at the <a href=
      "http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc">
      z/OS Unix - Tools and Toys</a> site. The PATH environment variable should
      be updated to contain the location of this executable prior to build.
      Alternatively, makedep may be moved into an existing PATH directory.</li>

      <li>
        To run all of the tests for ICU, use "gmake check". When running
        individual tests of the test suite, the TZ environment variable should
        be set to export TZ="PST8PDT" so that time zone comparisons are
        correct. Building and testing ICU without using gmake requires that the
        ICU libraries in the LIBPATH. In other words, the LIBPATH should
        contain (each path prepended with the root directory that contains the
        icu directory):

        <ul>
          <li>icu/source/common</li>

          <li>icu/source/data</li>

          <li>icu/source/i18n</li>

          <li>icu/source/tools/ctestfw</li>

          <li>icu/source/tools/toolutil</li>

          <li>icu/source/extra/ustdio</li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>

    <h4>OS/390 Batch (PDS) support</h4>

    <p>By default, ICU builds its libraries into the HFS. However, there is a
    390-specific switch to build some libraries into PDS files. The switch is
    the environmental variable OS390BATCH, and if set, the following libraries
    are built into PDS files: libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll, libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll,
    libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll, and libtestdata.dll. Turning on OS390BATCH does
    not turn off the normal HFS build, thus the HFS dlls will always be
    created.</p>

    <p>The names of the PDS files are determined by the value of the
    environmental variables LOADMOD and LOADEXP. These variables must contain
    the target PDS names whenever the OS390BATCH variable is set. LOADMOD is
    the library (.dll) target dataset and LOADEXP is the side deck (.x) target
    dataset.</p>

    <p>The PDS member names are as follows:</p>
<pre>
<samp>IXMI<i>XX</i>UC --&gt; libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll
IXMI<i>XX</i>DA --&gt; libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll
IXMI<i>XX</i>D1 --&gt; libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll</samp>
</pre>

    <p>Example PDS attributes are as follows:</p>
<pre>
<samp>Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.LOAD
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : LOAD
Organization  . . . : PO
Record format . . . : U
Record length . . . : 0
Block size  . . . . : 32760
1st extent cylinders: 40
Secondary cylinders : 59
Data set name type  : PDS

Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.EXP
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : **None**
Organization  . . . : PO
Record format . . . : FB
Record length . . . : 80
Block size  . . . . : 3200
1st extent cylinders: 3
Secondary cylinders : 3
Data set name type  : PDS</samp>
</pre>

    <h3><a name="HowToBuildOS400" href="#HowToBuildOS400">OS/400 (iSeries)
    Platform</a></h3>

    <p>ICU Reference Release 1.8.1 contains partial support for the 400
    platform, but additional work by the user is currently needed to get it to
    build properly. A future release of ICU should work out-of-the-box under
    OS/400.</p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        Requirements:

        <ul>
          <li>QSHELL interpreter installed (install base option 30, operating
          system)</li>
          <!--li>QShell Utilities, PRPQ 5799-XEH (not required for V4R5)</li-->

          <li>ILE C/C++ Compiler for iSeries, LPP 5722-WDS</li>

          <li>The latest GNU facilities (You can get the GNU facilities for
          OS/400 from <a href=
          "http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html">http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html</a>).
          Older versions may not work properly.</li>
        </ul>
        <!-- end requirements -->
      </li>

      <li>
        Build environment setup:

        <ol>
          <li>
            Create AS400 target library. This library will be the target for
            the resulting modules, programs and service programs. You will
            specify this library on the OUTPUTDIR environment variable in step
            2.<br>

<pre>
<samp>CRTLIB LIB(<i>libraryname</i>)</samp>
</pre>
            <br>
          </li>

          <li>
            Set up the following environment variables in your build process
            (use the <i>libraryname</i> from the previous step)
<pre>
<samp>ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(ICU_DATA) VALUE('/icu/source/data')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CC) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CXX) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(MAKE) VALUE('/usr/bin/gmake')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(OUTPUTDIR) VALUE('<i>libraryname</i>')</samp>
</pre>
            <i>libraryname</i> identifies target as400 library for *module,
            *pgm and *srvpgm objects.<br>
            <br>
          </li>
          <!--li>Add QCXXN, to your build process library list. This results in
                                                                      the resolution of CRTCPPMOD used by the icc compiler</li-->

          <li>
            In order to get the tests to run correctly, the QUTCOFFSET needs to
            be set to the Pacific Time Zone offset.<br>
            <br>
             To check your QUTCOFFSET:
<pre>
<samp>DSPSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET)</samp>
</pre>
            <br>
             To change your QUTCOFFSET:<br>
<pre>
<samp>CHGSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET) VALUE('-0800')</samp>
</pre>
            You should change -0800 to -0700 for daylight savings.<br>
            <br>
          </li>

          <li>Run 'CHGJOB CCSID(37)'</li>

          <li>Run 'QSH'</li>

          <li>Run gunzip on the ICU source code compressed tar archive
          (icu-<i>X</i>-<i>Y</i>.tar.gz or icu-<i>X</i>-<i>Y</i>.tgz).</li>

          <li>Run unpax-icu.sh on the tar file from the ICU download page.</li>

          <li>Change your current directory to icu/source.</li>

          <li>Run 'as_is/os400/configure --host=as400-os400
          --with-data-packaging=archive'</li>

          <li>Run 'gmake -e'. The '-e' option is needed to pickup the
          compilers.</li>

          <li>Run 'gmake -e check' to run the tests.</li>
        </ol>
        <!-- end build environment -->
      </li>
    </ul>

    <h2><a name="ImportantNotes" href="#ImportantNotes">Important Notes About
    Using ICU</a></h2>

    <h3><a name="ImportantNotesWindows" href="#ImportantNotesWindows">Windows
    Platform</a></h3>

    <p>If you are building on the Win32 platform, it is important that you
    understand a few of the following build details.</p>

    <h4>DLL directories and the PATH setting</h4>

    <p>As delivered, the International Components for Unicode build as several
    DLLs which are placed in the "<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin" directory. You must
    add this directory to the PATH environment variable in your system, or any
    executables you build will not be able to access International Components
    for Unicode libraries. Alternatively, you can copy the DLL files into a
    directory already in your PATH, but we do not recommend this. You can wind
    up with multiple copies of the DLL and wind up using the wrong one.</p>

    <h4><a name="ImportantNotesWindowsPath">Changing your PATH</a></h4>

    <ul>
      <li><strong>Windows 2000</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
      Panel. Pick the "Advanced" tab. Select the "Environment Variables..."
      button. Select the variable PATH in the lower box, and select the lower
      "Edit..." button. In the "Variable Value" box, append the string
      ";<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin" to the end of the path string. If there is
      nothing there, just type in "<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin". Click the Set
      button, then the OK button.</li>

      <li><strong>Windows NT</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
      Panel. Pick the "Environment" tab, and select the variable PATH in the
      lower box. In the "value" box, append the string
      ";<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin" at the end of the path string. If there is
      nothing there, just type in "<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin". Click the Set
      button, then the OK button.</li>

      <li><strong>Windows 95/98/ME</strong>: Edit the autoexec.bat, and add the
      following line to the end of file, "SET
      PATH=%PATH%;<i>&lt;ICU&gt;</i>\bin"</li>
    </ul>

    <p>Note: when packaging a Windows application for distribution and
    installation on user systems, copies of the ICU dlls should be included
    with the application, and installed for exclusive use by the application.
    This is the only way to insure that your app is running with the same
    version of ICU, built with exactly the same options, that you developed and
    tested with. Refer to Microsoft's guidelines on the usage of dlls, or
    search for the phrase "dll hell" on <a href=
    "http://msdn.microsoft.com/">msdn.microsoft.com</a>.</p>

    <h4>Linking with Runtime libraries</h4>

    <p>All the DLLs link with the C runtime library "Debug Multithreaded DLL"
    or "Multithreaded DLL." (This is changed through the Project Settings
    dialog, on the C/C++ tab, under Code Generation.) It is important that any
    executable or other DLL you build which uses the International Components
    for Unicode DLLs links with these runtime libraries as well. If you do not
    do this, you will get random memory errors when you run the executable.<br>
    </p>

    <h3><a name="ImportantNotesUnix" href="#ImportantNotesUnix">Unix Type
    Platform</a></h3>

    <p>If you are building on a Unix platform, it is important that you add the
    location of your ICU libraries (including the data library) to your
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. The ICU libraries may not link or
    load properly without doing this.</p>

    <h3><a name="ImportantNotesDefaultCP" href="#ImportantNotesDefaultCP">Using
    the default codepage</a></h3>

    <p>ICU has code to determine the default codepage of the system or process.
    This default codepage can be used to convert <code>char *</code> strings to
    and from Unicode.</p>

    <p>Depending on system design, setup and APIs, it may not always be
    possible to find a default codepage that fully works as expected. For
    example,</p>

    <ul>
      <li>On Windows there are three encodings in use at the same time. Unicode
      (UTF-16) is always used inside of Windows, while for <code>char *</code>
      encodings there are two classes, called "ANSI" and "OEM" codepages. ICU
      will use the ANSI codepage. Note that the OEM codepage is used by default
      for console window output.</li>

      <li>On some Unix-type systems, non-standard names are used for encodings,
      or non-standard encodings are used altogether. Although ICU supports 200
      encodings in its standard build and many more aliases for them, it will
      not be able to recognize such non-standard names.</li>

      <li>Some systems do not have a notion of a system or process codepage,
      and may not have APIs for that.</li>
    </ul>

    <p>If you have means of detecting a default codepage name that are more
    appropriate for your application, then you should set that name with
    <code>ucnv_setDefaultName()</code> as the first ICU function call. This
    makes sure that the internally cached default converter will be
    instantiated from your preferred name.</p>

    <p>Starting in ICU 2.0, when a converter for the default codepage cannot be
    opened, a fallback default codepage name and converter will be used. On
    most platforms, this will be US-ASCII. For OS/390 (z/OS), ibm-1047-s390 is
    the default fallback codepage. For AS/400 (iSeries), ibm-37 is the default
    fallback codepage. This default fallback codepage is used when the
    operating system is using a non-standard name for a default codepage, or
    the converter was not packaged with ICU. The feature allows ICU to run in
    unusual computing environments without completely failing.</p>

    <h3><a name="ImportantNotesDeprecatedAPI" href=
    "#ImportantNotesDeprecatedAPI">Methods for enabling deprecated
    APIs</a></h3>

    <h4>C</h4>

    <p>Some deprecated C APIs can be enabled without recompiling the ICU
    libraries. This can be achieved by defining certain symbols before
    including the ICU header files. For example, to enable deprecated C APIs
    for formatting.</p>
<pre>
<samp>#ifndef U_USE_DEPRECATED_FORMAT_API
#  define U_USE_DEPRECATED_FORMAT_API 1
#endif

#include "unicode/udat.h"

int main(){
    UDateFormat *def, *fr, *fr_pat ;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar temp[30];

    fr = udat_open(UDAT_FULL, UDAT_DEFAULT, "fr_FR", NULL,0, &amp;status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        printf("Error creating the french dateformat using full time style\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status) );
    }
    /* This is supposed to open default date format,
       but later on it treats it like it is "en_US".
       This is very bad when you try to run the tests
       on a machine where the default locale is NOT "en_US"
    */
    def = udat_open(UDAT_SHORT, UDAT_SHORT, "en_US", NULL, 0, &amp;status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        .... /* handle the error */
    }
}</samp>
</pre>

    <h4>C++</h4>

    <p>Deprecated C++ APIs cannot be enabled without recompiling ICU libraries.
    Every service has a specific symbol that should be defined to enable the
    deprecated API of that service. For example: To enable deprecated APIs in
    Transliteration service, the U_USE_DEPRECATED_TRANSLITERATOR_API symbol
    should be defined before compiling ICU.</p>

    <h2><a name="PlatformDependencies" href="#PlatformDependencies">Platform
    Dependencies</a></h2>

    <p>The platform dependencies have been mostly isolated into the following
    files in the common library. This information can be useful if you are
    porting ICU to a new platform.</p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        <strong>unicode/platform.h.in</strong> (autoconf'ed platforms)<br>
         <strong>unicode/p<i>XXXX</i>.h</strong> (others: pwin32.h, pmacos.h,
        ..): Platform-dependent typedefs and defines:<br>
        <br>


        <ul>
          <li>XP_CPLUSPLUS for C++ only.</li>

          <li>TRUE and FALSE, UBool, int8_t, int16_t etc.</li>

          <li>U_EXPORT and U_IMPORT for specifying dynamic library import and
          export</li>
        </ul>
        <br>
      </li>

      <li>
        <strong>unicode/putil.h, putil.c</strong>: platform-dependent
        implementations of various functions that are platform dependent:<br>
        <br>


        <ul>
          <li>uprv_isNaN, uprv_isInfinite, uprv_getNaN and uprv_getInfinity for
          handling special floating point values.</li>

          <li>uprv_tzset, uprv_timezone, uprv_tzname and time for getting
          platform specific time and timezone information.</li>

          <li>u_getDataDirectory for getting the default data directory.</li>

          <li>uprv_getDefaultLocaleID for getting the default locale
          setting.</li>

          <li>uprv_getDefaultCodepage for getting the default codepage
          encoding.</li>
        </ul>
        <br>
      </li>

      <li>
        <strong>umutex.h, umutex.c</strong>: Code for doing synchronization in
        multithreaded applications. If you wish to use International Components
        for Unicode in a multithreaded application, you must provide a
        synchronization primitive that the classes can use to protect their
        global data against simultaneous modifications. See Users' guide for
        more information.<br>
        <br>


        <ul>
          <li>We supply sample implementations for WinNT, Win95, Win98,
          Sun/Solaris, RedHat/Linux, HP-UX and for AIX on an RS/6000.</li>
        </ul>
        <br>
      </li>

      <li><strong>umapfile.h, umapfile.c</strong>: functions for mapping or
      otherwise reading or loading files into memory. All access by ICU to data
      from files makes use of these functions.<br>
      <br>
      </li>

      <li>For the Intltest test suite, intltest.cpp in
      "icu/source/test/intltest/" contains the method pathnameInContext, which
      must also be adapted to any new platform.</li>

      <li>Using platform specific #ifdef macros are highly discouraged outside
      of the scope of these files. When the source code gets updated in the
      future, these #ifdef's can cause testing problems for your platform.</li>
    </ul>

    <p>It is possible to build each library individually. They must be built in
    the following order:<br>
    </p>

    <ol>
      <li>stubdata</li>

      <li>common</li>

      <li>i18n</li>

      <li>toolutil</li>

      <li>makeconv</li>

      <li>genrb</li>

      <li>gentz</li>

      <li>genccode</li>

      <li>gennames</li>

      <li>genuca</li>

      <li>gennorm</li>

      <li>makedata (a project on Windows, or source/data/Makefile on Unix)</li>

      <li>ctestfw, intltest and cintltst, if you want to run the test
      suite.</li>
    </ol>
    <hr>

    <p>Copyright &copy; 1997-2002 International Business Machines Corporation
    and others. All Rights Reserved.<br>
     IBM Globalization Center of Competency - San Jose,<br>
     5600 Cottle Road, San Jos&eacute;, CA 95193<br>
     All rights reserved.</p>
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