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<h1>International Components for Unicode<br>
ReadMe</h1>
<p>Version: 2001-Aug-02<br>
Copyright © 1995-2001 International Business Machines Corporation
and others. All Rights Reserved.</p>
<hr>
<h2 class="TOC">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="TOC">
<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#News">Late Breaking News And What Is New?</a>
<ul class="TOC">
<li><a href="#NewsUnicodeVer">Support for Unicode 3.1</a></li>
<li><a href="#NewsLicense">License Change from IPL to the X
license</a></li>
<li><a href="#NewsCollation">Collation Improvements</a></li>
<li><a href="#NewsTranslit">Transliterator Improvements</a></li>
<li><a href="#NewsUnicodeSet">UnicodeSet Improvements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#WhatContain">What the International Components for
Unicode Contain</a></li>
<li><a href="#PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#HowToBuild">How to Build And Install ICU</a>
<ul class="TOC">
<li><a href="#HowToBuildSupported">Supported Platforms</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildWindows">Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildUnix">Unix</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 (zSeries)</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildOS400">OS/400 (iSeries)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#ImportantNotes">Important Notes About Using ICU</a>
<ul class="TOC">
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesWindows">Windows Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesUnix">Unix Type Platforms</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesDeprecatedAPI">Methods for enabling
deprecated APIs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#UsageInformation">Getting More Information About
ICU</a></li>
<li><a href="#SubmittingComments">Submitting Comments, Requesting
Features and Reporting Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2><a name="Introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Today's software market is a global one in which it is desirable to
develop and maintain one application that supports a wide variety of
national languages. International Components for Unicode provides the
following tools to help you write language independent applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>Support for the latest Unicode standard</li>
<li>Resource bundles for storing and accessing localized
information</li>
<li>Number formatters for converting binary numbers into text strings
for meaningful display</li>
<li>Date and time formatters for converting internal time data into
text strings for meaningful display</li>
<li>Message formatters for putting together sequences of strings,
numbers dates and other format to create messages</li>
<li>Text collation supporting language sensitive comparison of
strings</li>
<li>Text boundary analysis for finding characters, word and sentence
boundaries</li>
<li>Changing simple data files rather than modifying program code
easily localizes applications written using these tools</li>
<li>Over 160 locales supported. Visit the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/localeexplorer">
LocaleExplorer</a> on the ICU website for a demonstration and a full
list of supported locales or see the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icu/data/index.txt">index
file</a> with the supported locales.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is possible to support additional locales by adding more locale
data files, with no code changes. Please refer to POSIX programmer's
Guide for details on what the ISO locale ID means.</p>
<p>This document will go into more detail on how to build and install ICU
on your machine. Once you start using ICU, the <a href=
"#UsageInformation">Where To Find More Information</a> section of this
document will be very helpful resource.</p>
<p>Your comments are important to making this release successful. We are
committed to fixing any bugs, and will also use your feedback to help
plan future releases.</p>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT:</strong> Please make sure you understand the <a
href="license.html">Copyright and License Information</a>.</p>
<h2><a name="News">Late Breaking News And What Is New?</a></h2>
<p>For more news about this release, see the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">online release notes</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="NewsUnicodeVer">Support for Unicode 3.1</a></h3>
<p>The ICU 2.0 data has been upgraded to support Unicode 3.1. This means
that the character property data and normalization has changed. Recent
versions of ICU already supported Unicode 3.0 data with UTF-16 surrogate
pairs.</p>
<h3><a name="NewsLicense">License Change</a></h3>
<p>The ICU projects (ICU4C and ICU4J) have changed their licenses from
the IPL (IBM Public License) to the X license. The X license is a
non-viral and recommended free software license that is compatible with
the GNU GPL license. This is effective starting with release 1.8.1 of
ICU4C and release 1.3.1 of ICU4J. All previous ICU releases will continue
to utilize the IPL. New ICU releases will adopt the X license. The users
of previous releases of ICU will need to accept the terms and conditions
of the X license in order to adopt the new ICU releases.</p>
<p>The main effect of the change is to provide GPL compatibility. The X
license is listed as GPL compatible, see the gnu page at <a href=
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses</a>.</p>
<p>The text of the X license is available at <a href=
"http://www.x.org/terms.htm">http://www.x.org/terms.htm</a>. The IBM
version contains the essential text of the license, omitting the
X-specific trademarks and copyright notices.</p>
<p>For more details please see the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/press.html">press announcement</a> and
the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/project_faq.html#license">Project
FAQ</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="NewsCollation">Collation Improvements</a></h3>
<p>The collation framework has been reimplemented to make it faster,
Unicode Collation Algorithm compliant, and to make the locale-specific
collation data smaller (by separating it from the shared UCA data).<br>
<em>Sort keys and even some collation results have changed from ICU 1.6
and ICU 1.7.</em><br>
For details, see our <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/develop/collation/">collation design
document</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="NewsTranslit">Transliterator Improvements</a></h3>
<p>The transliterator service has undergone an extensive overhaul,
in both the rule-based engine and the built-in system rules.
<ul>
<li><b>New or rewritten rules:</b> <tt>Any-Accents</tt>,
<tt>Any-Publishing</tt>, <tt>Cyrillic-Latin</tt>*,
<tt>Greek-Latin</tt>*, <tt>Greek-Latin/UNGEGN</tt> (aka
<tt>el-Latin</tt>), <tt>Hiragana-Latin</tt>*, and
<tt>Latin-Katakana</tt>*. New algorithmic rules include
<tt>Any-Name</tt>*, the normalization rules <tt>Any-NFC</tt>,
<tt>Any-NFKC</tt>, <tt>Any-NFD</tt>, and <tt>Any-NFKD</tt>, casing
rules <tt>Any-Upper</tt>, <tt>Any-Lower</tt>, and
<tt>Any-Title</tt>. <tt>Unicode-Hex</tt>* has been renamed
<tt>Any-Hex</tt>*. <tt>Any-Remove</tt> deletes its input.
[*<em>applies to reverse rule as well</em>]
<li><b>Indic script rules:</b> Transliterators between Indic
scripts and from each script to and from Latin have been
completely revised. Scripts included are Bengali, Devanagari,
Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu.
Taking Bengali as an example, transliterators <tt>Bengali-X</tt>
and <tt>X-Bengali</tt> exist, where X is any of the other listed
Indic scripts, or Latin.
<li><b>Deleted rules:</b> <tt>UnicodeName-UnicodeChar</tt> has
been replaced by <tt>Any-Name</tt>*. <tt>Latin-Arabic</tt>* and
<tt>Latin-Hebrew</tt>* have been removed until they can be
rewritten. <tt>KeyboardEscape-Latin1</tt> has been replaced by
<tt>Any-Accents</tt> and <tt>Any-Publishing</tt>.
<tt>Latin-Kana</tt>* has been replaced by <tt>Latin-Katakana</tt>*
and <tt>Latin-Hiragana</tt>*.
[*<em>applies to reverse rule as well</em>]
<li><b>ID syntax changes:</b> Transliterator IDs ignore case and
whitespace now. They now have the standard form
<em>[filter]source-target/variant</em>. The "<em>[filter]</em>"
element is optional; if present, it limits the characters that the
transliterator operates on. The "<em>source-</em>" element is
optional; if omitted, it is taken to be <tt>Any</tt>. The
"<em>/variant</em>" element is also optional; if present, it
selects between different flavors of a related set of
transliterators, for example, <tt>Greek-Latin</tt> and
<tt>Greek-Latin/UNGEGN</tt>. The source, target, and variant
specifiers are case-insensitive strings of the form
<tt>/[_[:L:]][_[:L:][:N:]]*/</tt>.
<li><b>Locale support:</b> The source, target, or both may be
locales. In this case the transliterator rules will be looked up
in the system locale resource bundles. Rules are sought under
three tags, listed below. The text after the underscore in each
tag is always canonicalized to uppercase before lookup. <em>Note:
The underscore is currently omitted from ICU4C tags, but will be
restored when possible.</em>
<ul><li><tt>TransliterateTo_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>:
Unidirectional rules from the enclosing locale to another script
or specifier.
<li><tt>TransliterateFrom_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>:
Unidirectional rules from another script
or specifier to the enclosing locale.
<li><tt>Transliterate_<em>SCRIPT</em></tt>:
Bidirectional rules, with the forward direction being To and
the reverse direction being From.
</ul>
Lookup proceeds in the following order:
<ul><li>In the dynamic registry: <em>source-target</em>
<li>In the <em>source</em> locale:
<tt>TransliterateTo_<em>TARGET</em></tt> then
<tt>Transliterate_<em>TARGET</em></tt> (forward direction)
<li>In the <em>target</em> locale:
<tt>TransliterateFrom_<em>SOURCE</em></tt> then
<tt>Transliterate_<em>SOURCE</em></tt> (reverse direction)
</ul>
If either the source or target specifier is not a locale then the
corresponding locale lookup is skipped. If either is a locale,
then locale fallback from <tt>aa_BB_CCC</tt> to <tt>aa_BB</tt> to
<tt>aa</tt> is performed (where <tt>aa</tt>, <tt>BB</tt>, and
<tt>CCC</tt> are the locale language, country, and variant). The
final fallback is from the specifier, whether it is a locale or
not (e.g., script abbreviation), to the long script name
associated with that specifier. If a tag lookup succeeds, the
attached element should be a string array of <i>2n</i> items where
<i>n</i> >= 1. Each pair of strings is a variant name and rule
string. The variants are matched against the requested variant.
If no variant is specified then the first variant is considered to
match.
<li><b>Filters on compounds IDs:</b> A filter on a compound
transliterator can now be specified by giving a leading entry that
contains a filter and no transliterator ID. For example,
"<tt>[abc]; Latin-Katakana; Katakana-Hiragana</tt>" submits only
the characters contained in the UnicodeSet <tt>[abc]</tt> to the
compound transliterator <tt>Latin-Katakana;
Katakana-Hiragana</tt>.
<li><b>Explicit reverse IDs:</b> Typically if a transliterator
<tt>A-B</tt> is formed, and its inverse is requested, the system
tries to create <tt>B-A</tt>. That is, the source and target are
exchanged. In some cases, the user may wish a different
transliterator to be considered the reverse. In order to do this,
the reverse ID is specified in parentheses immediately following
the ID. For example, "<tt>A-B (B-C)</tt>" is a transliterator
<tt>A-B</tt> whose inverse is <tt>B-C</tt>. If the ID of the
inverse is requested, "<tt>B-C (A-B)</tt>" is returned. The
forward or reverse component may be empty, so "<tt>(B-C)</tt>" and
"<tt>A-B()</tt>" are legal IDs with <tt>Null</tt> transliterator
for the forward and reverse direction, respectively. This is most
useful in compounds where one element has no inverse or where a
different inverse from the standard inverse is desired. For
example, "<tt>Any-Lower(); Latin-Cyrillic</tt>".
<li><b>Quantifiers:</b> Transliterator rules may now contain
quantifiers '<tt>*</tt>', '<tt>+</tt>', and '<tt>?</tt>'. These
indicate zero or more, one or more, and zero or one matches,
respectively. Quantifiers apply to the last element, be it a
single character, a UnicodeSet, a segment definition, or a quote;
the entire preceding element is repeated. Quantifiers are
implemented as greedy, non-backtracking matchers, unlike their
typical implementation in regular expressions. As a result,
expressions that match in a traditional regular expression engine
(e.g., Perl) will not match in transliterator. E.g., "[a-z]+ q >
x;" will <em>not</em> match "abcq", since the '<tt>+</tt>'
quantifier consumes all four characters.
<li><b>Dot character:</b> A new special character is recognized in
rules, '<tt>.</tt>' (U+0020). This character matches any
characters in the set <tt>[^[:Zp:][:Zl:]\r\n$]</tt>. Note the
trailing '<tt>$</tt>' in the set pattern, which indicates that the
ETHER character is <em>not</em> matched by '<tt>.</tt>'.
<li><b>::ID blocks in rules:</b> Transliterator IDs may now be
included in rule sets. These may occur in two locations: as one
contiguous block before any other rules, and as one contiguous
block after all rules. The effect of placing <tt>::ID</tt>s into
a rule set is to enclose the rule-based transliterator within a
compound transliterator containing the indicated IDs. The
<tt>::ID</tt> syntax is exactly the same as the standard ID
syntax, with the difference that each ID element is preceded by
the special token "<tt>::</tt>".
<li><b>Segment definitions more flexible:</b> Segment definitions
may be nested and are now unlimited in number. Prior to 2.0,
segments could not be nested and were limited to nine ($1 to $9).
<li><b>Variable range pragma:</b> A new pragma is supported. This
follows the syntax:<code>use variable range 0xE800 0xEFFF;</code>
(Any two code points may be specified.) The code points are
specified as decimal constants, octal constants with a leading
'0', or hexadecimal constants with a leading "0x". The given
range is used internally for stand-in characters during
processing. The default range is <b>0xF000..0xF8FF</b>. If a
rule set explicitly uses characters in the default variable range,
a new range, not containing any characters in use in the rule set,
must be specified. <em>Note:</em> This is the first of several
planned pragmas.
<li><b>Factory method registration:</b> Factory methods (function
pointers in ICU4C; functor objects in ICU4J) may be registered
against transliterator IDs. This is generally more efficient than
the registration of singleton prototypes, since no actual
transliterator object need be created until the user requires one.
See the <tt>registerFactory()</tt> method in
<tt>Transliterator</tt>.
<li><b>Filtering semantics changed for subclasses:</b> Subclasses
now need not concern themselves with filters. Instead, they may
assume that all characters received by
<tt>handleTransliterate()</tt> have already passed through the
filter. This simplifies subclass code greatly.
</ul>
<h3><a name="NewsUnicodeSet">UnicodeSet Improvements</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><b><tt>[:Any:]</tt> set:</b> The set <tt>[:Any:]</tt> matches
all Unicode code points, that is, U+0000..U+10FFFF.
<li><b><tt>\p{}</tt> syntax:</b> UnicodeSet now recognizes a
Perlish syntax for character properties. Any property designated
as <tt>[:Foo:]</tt> may equivalently be designated
<tt>\p{Foo}</tt>.
<li><b>Short, medium, and long property names:</b> In addition to
the short property names, such as <tt>[:Ll:]</tt>, equivalent
medium (e.g., <tt>[:gc=Ll:]</tt>) and long (e.g.,
<tt>[:GeneralCategory=LowercaseLetter:]</tt>) forms are
recongized. See the <a
href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/unicodeset_properties.html">UnicodeSet
Properties design document</a> for details. As of this release,
general categories, numeric value, and script are supported.
</ul>
<h2><a name="WhatContain">What the International Components for Unicode
Contain</a></h2>
<p>There are two ways to download the ICU releases,</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Official Release Snapshot:</strong><br>
If you want to use ICU (as opposed to developing it), you should
download an official packaged version of the ICU source code. These
versions are tested more thoroughly than day-to-day development builds
of the system, and they are packaged in zip and tar files for
convenient download. These packaged files can be found at <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a>.<br>
If packaged snapshot is named <strong>ICUXXXXXX.zip</strong> or
<strong>ICUXXXXXX.tgz</strong>, XXXXXX is the release version
number.<br>
Please unzip this file. It will reconstruct the source directory,
including anonymous CVS control directories (see below).</li>
<li>
<strong>CVS Source Repository:</strong><br>
If you are interested in developing features, patches, or bug fixes
for ICU, you should probably be working with the latest version of
the ICU source code. You will need to check the code out of our CVS
repository to ensure that you have the most recent version of all of
the files. There are several ways to do this:
<ul>
<li>WebCVS:<br>
If you want to browse the code and only make occasional downloads,
you may want to use WebCVS. It provides a convenient, web-based
interface for browsing and downloading the latest version of the
ICU source code and documentation. You can also view each file's
revision history, display the differences between individual
revisions, determine which revisions were part of which official
release, and so on.</li>
<li>
WinCVS:<br>
If you will be doing serious work on ICU, you should probably
install a CVS client on your own machine so that you can do batch
operations without going through the WebCVS interface. On
Windows, we suggest the WinCVS client. The following is the
example instruction on how to download ICU via WinCVS:
<ol>
<li>Install the WinCVS client, which you can download from the
WinCVS home page.</li>
<li>In the WinCVS preferences, specify your CVSRoot to be
":pserver:anoncvs@oss.software.ibm.com:/usr/cvs/icu"<br>
with the password "anoncvs". To enter the CVSRoot value,
select "Preferences" from the "Cvs Admin" pull-down menu.
Authentication should be set to "'passwd' file on the cvs
server".</li>
<li>To "extract" the most recent version of ICU, select
"Checkout module" from the "Cvs Admin" menu. Specify "icu" for
the module name.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>CVS command line:<br>
You can also check out the repository anonymously on UNIX using
the following commands, after first setting your CVSROOT to point
to the ICU repository:<br>
<br>
<i>export
CVSROOT=:pserver:anoncvs@oss.software.ibm.com:/usr/cvs/icu<br>
cvs login CVS password: anoncvs<br>
cvs checkout icu<br>
cvs logout</i></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For more details on how to download ICU directly from the web site,
please also see <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/">http:/oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download/</a></p>
<p>Below, <strong>$Root</strong> is the placement of the icu directory in
your file system, like "drive:\...\icu" in your environment. "drive:\..."
stands for any drive and any directory on that drive that you chose to
install icu into.</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
<caption>
The following files describe the code drop.
</caption>
<tr>
<td>readme.html</td>
<td>Describes the International Components for Unicode (this
file)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>license.html</td>
<td>Contains IBM's public license</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br>
</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="100%" summary="">
<caption>
The following directories contain source code and data files.
</caption>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/common/</td>
<td>The core Unicode and support functionality, such as resource
bundles, character properties, locales, codepage conversion,
normalization, Unicode properties, Locale, and UnicodeString.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/i18n/</td>
<td>Modules in i18n are generally the more data-driven, that is to
say resource bundle driven, components. These deal with higher level
internationalization issues such as formatting, collation, text break
analysis, and transliteration.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/test/intltest/</td>
<td>A test suite including all C++ APIs. For information about
running the test suite, see the users' guide.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/test/cintltst/</td>
<td>A test suite written in C, including all C APIs. For information
about running the test suite, see the users' guide.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/data/</td>
<td>
This directory contains the source data in text format, which is
compiled into binary form during the ICU build process. The output
from these files is stored in $Root/source/data/build while
awaiting further packaging.
<ul>
<li><b>unidata/</b> This directory contains the Unicode data
files. Please see <a href=
"http://www.unicode.org/">http://www.unicode.org/</a> for more
information.</li>
<li>
<p><b>Resource Bundle sources</b> .txt files containing ICU
language and culture-specific localization data. Two special
bundles are <b>root</b>, which is the fallback data and parent
of other bundles, and <b>index</b> which contains a list of
installed bundles. <b>resfiles.txt</b> contains the list of
resource bundle files.</p>
<p>Also here are transliteration bundles, and the list of
installed transliteration files in
<b>translit_index.txt</b>.</p>
<p>All resource bundles are compiled into .res files. The
<b>ucmfiles.txt</b> file contains the list of converter
files.</p>
</li>
<li><b>Code page converter tables</b> .ucm files containing
mappings to and from Unicode. These are compiled into .cnv
files.</li>
<li><b>convrtrs.txt</b> is the alias mapping table from various
converter name formats to ICU internal format and vice versa. It
produces cnvalias.dat.</li>
<li><b>timezone.txt</b> is a generated file which is compiled
into tz.dat, containing time zone information.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/data</td>
<td>This directory is where the final, packaged version of the ICU
binary data ends up. If the ICU_DATA environment variable is used,
then it should be set to this directory. The intermediate individual
data files (.res, .cnv) are kept in the subdirectory
"$Root/source/data/build" prior to packaging.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/tools</td>
<td>Tools for generating the data files. Data files are generated by
invoking $Root/source/data/build/makedata.bat on Win32 or
$Root/source/make on Unix.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/samples</td>
<td>Various sample programs that use ICU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/extra</td>
<td>Non-supported API additions. Currently, it contains the 'ustdio'
file i/o library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/layout</td>
<td>Contains the ICU layout engine (not a rasterizer).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/packaging<br>
$Root/debian</td>
<td>These directories contain scripts and tools for packaging the
final ICU build for various release platforms.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/config</td>
<td>Contains helper makefiles for platform specific build commands.
Used by 'configure'.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$Root/source/allinone</td>
<td>Contains top-level ICU project files, for instance to build all
of ICU under one MSVC project.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- end of ICU structure ==================================== -->
<h2><a name="PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a></h2>
<p>The platform dependencies have been mostly isolated into the following
files in the common library. This information can be useful if you are
porting ICU to a new platform.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>unicode/platform.h.in</strong> (autoconf'ed platforms)<br>
<strong>unicode/p<i>XXXX</i>.h</strong> (others: pwin32.h, pmacos.h,
..): Platform-dependent typedefs and defines:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>XP_CPLUSPLUS for C++ only.</li>
<li>TRUE and FALSE, UBool, int8_t, int16_t etc.</li>
<li>U_EXPORT and U_IMPORT for specifying dynamic library import and
export</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<strong>unicode/putil.h, putil.c</strong>: platform-dependent
implementations of various functions that are platform dependent:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>uprv_isNaN, uprv_isInfinite, uprv_getNaN and uprv_getInfinity
for handling special floating point values.</li>
<li>uprv_tzset, uprv_timezone, uprv_tzname and time for getting
platform specific time and timezone information.</li>
<li>u_getDataDirectory for getting the default data directory.</li>
<li>uprv_getDefaultLocaleID for getting the default locale
setting.</li>
<li>uprv_getDefaultCodepage for getting the default codepage
encoding.</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<strong>umutex.h, umutex.c</strong>: Code for doing synchronization
in multithreaded applications. If you wish to use International
Components for Unicode in a multithreaded application, you must
provide a synchronization primitive that the classes can use to
protect their global data against simultaneous modifications. See
Users' guide for more information.<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>We supply sample implementations for WinNT, Win95, Win98,
Sun/Solaris, RedHat/Linux, HP-UX and for AIX on an RS/6000.</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<strong>unicode/udata.h, udata.c</strong>: The data-accessing
interface in ICU is implemented such that there is a lot of
flexibility for reading a data file. Each platform can tune the
performance of file accessing for its environment by choosing to
implement one of the following options:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>DLL</li>
<li>Memory map</li>
<li>Individual files</li>
</ul>
<br>
</li>
<li>For the Intltest test suite, intltest.cpp in
"icu/source/test/intltest/" contains the method pathnameInContext,
which must also be adapted to any new platform.</li>
<li>Using platform specific #ifdef macros are highly discouraged
outside of the scope of these files. When the source code gets updated
in the future, these #ifdef's can cause testing problems for your
platform.</li>
</ul>
<p>It is possible to build each library individually. They must be built
in the following order:<br>
</p>
<ol>
<li>stubdata</li>
<li>common</li>
<li>i18n</li>
<li>toolutil</li>
<li>makeconv</li>
<li>genrb</li>
<li>gentz</li>
<li>genccode</li>
<li>gennames</li>
<li>genuca</li>
<li>gennorm</li>
<li>makedata (a project on Windows, or source/data/Makefile on
Unix)</li>
<li>ctestfw, intltest and cintltst, if you want to run the test
suite.</li>
</ol>
<h2><a name="HowToBuild">How To Build And Install ICU</a></h2>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildSupported">Supported Platforms</a></h3>
<table border="1" cellpadding="3" summary="">
<caption>
Here is a status of functionality of ICU on several different
platforms.
</caption>
<tr>
<th>Operating system</th>
<th>Compiler</th>
<th>Testing frequency</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Windows 98/NT/2000</td>
<td>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0</td>
<td>Reference platform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Red Hat Linux 6.1</td>
<td>gcc 2.91.66</td>
<td>Reference platform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AIX 4.3.3</td>
<td>xlC 3.6.4</td>
<td>Reference platform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Solaris 2.6</td>
<td>Workshop Pro CC 4.2</td>
<td>Reference platform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HP/UX 11.01</td>
<td>aCC A.12.10</td>
<td>Reference platform</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AIX 5.1.0 L</td>
<td>Visual Age C++ 5.0</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Solaris 2.7</td>
<td>Workshop Pro CC 6.0</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Solaris 2.6</td>
<td>gcc 2.91.66</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FreeBSD 4.4</td>
<td>gcc 2.95.3</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HP/UX 11.01</td>
<td>CC A.03.10</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OS/390 (zSeries)</td>
<td>CC</td>
<td>Regularly tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AS/400 (zSeries) V5R1</td>
<td>iCC</td>
<td>Rarely tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NetBSD, OpenBSD</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Rarely tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SGI/IRIX</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Rarely tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PTX</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Rarely tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OS/2</td>
<td>Visual Age</td>
<td>Rarely tested</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Macintosh</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Needs help to port</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><strong>Key to testing frequency</strong></p>
<dl>
<dt><i>Reference platform</i></dt>
<dd>ICU will work on these platforms with these compilers</dd>
<dt><i>Regularly tested</i></dt>
<dd>ICU should work on these platforms with these compilers</dd>
<dt><i>Rarely tested</i></dt>
<dd>ICU may not work on these platforms</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildWindows">How To Build And Install On
Windows</a></h3>
<p>Building International Components for Unicode requires:</p>
<ul>
<li>Microsoft NT 3.51 and above, or Windows 95 and above</li>
<li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 (Service Pack 2 is required to work with
the release build of max speed optimization).</li>
</ul>
<p>The steps are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Unzip the icu-XXXX.zip file, type "unzip -a icu-XXXX.zip -d
drive:\directory" under command prompt or use WinZip.
drive:\directory\icu is the root ($Root) directory (you may but don't
need to place "icu" into another directory). If you change the root,
you will change the project settings accordingly in EACH makefile in
the project, updating the "include" and "library" paths.</li>
<li>Set the environment variable <strong>ICU_DATA</strong> to the full
pathname of the data directory. The trailing "\" is required after the
directory name (e.g. "$Root\source\data\" will work, but the value
"$Root\source\data" is not acceptable). This environment variable
indicates where the locale data files and conversion mapping tables are
located.</li>
<li>Be sure that the ICU binary directory, $Root\bin\, is included in
the <strong>PATH</strong> environment variable. The tests may not work
without the DLL files in the path.</li>
<li>Set the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to
<strong>PST8PDT</strong>. The tests will not work in any other
timezone.</li>
<li>Use Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 to open the
"$Root\source\allinone\allinone.dsw" workspace (This workspace includes
all the International Components for Unicode libraries, necessary ICU
building tools, and the intltest and cintltest test suite projects).
Please see the note below if you want to build from the command line
instead.</li>
<li>Set the active Project to the "all" project. To do this: Choose
"Project" menu, and select "Set active project". In the submenu, select
the "all" workspace.</li>
<li>Set the active configuration to "Win32 Debug" or "Win32 Release"
(See <a href="#HowToBuildWindowsConfig">note</a> below).</li>
<li>Choose the "Build" menu and select "Rebuild All". If you want to
build the Debug and Release at the same time, see the <a href=
"#HowToBuildWindowsBatch">note</a> below.</li>
<li>Run the C++ test suite, "intltest". To do this: set the active
project to "intltest", and press F5 to run it.</li>
<li>Run the C test suite, "cintltst". To do this: set the active
project to "cintltst", and press F5 to run it.</li>
<li>Make sure that both "cintltst" and "intltest" passed without any
errors. The return codes are non-zero when they do not pass. Visual C++
will display the return codes in the debug tag of the output window.
When "intltest" and "cintltest" return 0, it means that everything is
installed correctly. You can press Ctrl+F5 on the test project to run
the test and see what error messages were displayed (if any tests
failed).</li>
<li>Reset the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable to its original
value, unless you plan on testing ICU any further.</li>
<li>You are now able to develop applications with ICU.</li>
</ol>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsCommandLine"><strong>Using MSDEV At The
Command Line Note:</strong></a> You can build ICU from the command line.
Assuming that you have properly installed Microsoft Visual C++ to support
command line execution, you can run the following command, 'msdev
<i>$Root</i>\source\allinone\allinone.dsw /MAKE "ALL"'.</p>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsConfig"><strong>Setting Active Configuration
Note:</strong></a> To set the active configuration, two different
possibilities are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Choose "Build" menu, select "Set Active Configuration", and select
"Win32 Release" or "Win32 Debug".</li>
<li>Another way is to select "Customize" in the "Tools" menu, select
the "Toolbars" tab, enable "Build" instead of "Build Minibar", and
click on "Close". This will bring up a toolbar which you can move aside
the other permanent toolbars at the top of the MSVC window. The
advantage is that you now have an easy-to-reach pop-up menu that will
always show the currently selected active configuration. Or, you can
drag the project and configuration selections and drop them on the menu
bar for later selection.</li>
</ul>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsBatch"><strong>Batch Configuration
Note:</strong></a> If you want to build the Debug and Release
configurations at the same time, choose "Build" menu and select "Batch
Build..." instead (and mark all configurations as checked), then click
the button named "Rebuild All". The "all" workspace will build all the
test programs as well as the tools for generating binary locale data
files. The "makedata" project will be run automatically to convert the
locale data files from text format into icudata.dll.</p>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildUnix">How To Build And Install On Unix</a></h3>
<p>Building International Components for Unicode on Unix requires:</p>
<p>A UNIX C++ compiler, (gcc, cc, xlc_r, etc...) installed on the target
machine. A recent version of GNU make (3.7+). For a list of OS/390 tools
please view the <a href="#HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 build section</a> of
this document for further details.</p>
<p>The steps are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Decompress the icuXXXX.tar (or icuXXXX.tgz) file and use pax.</li>
<li>Before running the test programs or samples, please set the
environment variable <strong>ICU_DATA</strong>, the full pathname of
the data directory, to indicate where the locale data files and
conversion mapping tables are. If this variable is not set, the default
user data directory will be used. The trailing "/" is required after
the directory name (e.g. "$Root/source/data/" will work, but the value
"$Root/source/data" is not acceptable). When you are running individual
tests, the <strong>TZ</strong> environment variable needs to be set to
<strong>PST8PDT</strong>. Normally "make check" does this for you
automatically.</li>
<li>Change directory to the "icu/source".</li>
<li>If it is not already set, please set the executable flag for the
following files (by executing 'chmod +x' command): runConfigureICU,
configure, install-sh and config.*,</li>
<li>Run the <a href="source/runConfigureICU">runConfigureICU</a> script
for your platform. If you are not using the runConfigureICU script or
your platform is not supported by the script, you need to set your CC,
CXX, CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS environment variables, and type "./configure".
You can type "./configure --help" to print the available options.</li>
<li>
Type "gmake" to compile the libraries and all the data files.
<div class="indent">
<strong>Note:</strong> On OS/390, both IEEE binary floating point
and native S/390 hexadecimal floating point calculations are
supported. The default is to build with native floating-point
support. Please set the environment variable IEEE390=1 if you would
like to make the ICU DLLs with IEEE floating point support.
</div>
</li>
<li>Optionally, type "gmake check" to verify the test suite.</li>
<li>Type "gmake install" to install.</li>
</ol>
<p>Some platforms use package management tools to control the
installation and uninstallation of files on the system, as well as the
integrity of the system configuration. You may want to check if ICU can
be packaged for your package management tools by looking into the
"packaging" directory. (Please note that if you are using a snapshot of
ICU from CVS, it is probable that the packaging scripts or related files
are not up to date with the contents of ICU at this time, so use them
with caution.)</p>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildOS390">OS/390 (zSeries) Platform</a></h3>
<p>If you are building on the OS/390 UNIX System Services platform, it is
important that you understand a few details:</p>
<ul>
<li>The gnu utilities gmake and gzip/gunzip are needed and can be
obtained for OS/390 from <a href=
"http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc">
z/OS Unix - Tools and Toys</a>. Documentation on these tools can be
found at the <a href=
"http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg245944.html">
Open Source Software for OS/390 UNIX</a> Red Book.</li>
<li>
Encoding considerations: The source code assumes that it is compiled
with codepage ibm-1047 (to be exact, the UNIX System Services variant
of it). The pax command converts all of the source code files from
ASCII to codepage ibm-1047 (USS) EBCDIC. However, some files are
binary files and must not be converted, or must be converted back to
their original state. You can use the <a href=
"as_is\os390\unpax-icu.sh">unpax-icu.sh</a> script to do this for you
automatically. It will unpackage the tar file and convert all the
necessary files for you automatically. The files that must not be
converted to ibm-1047 are the following:
<ul>
<li>All UTF-8 files</li>
<li>icu/data/*.brk</li>
<li>icu/source/test/testdata/uni-text.bin</li>
<li>icu/source/test/testdata/th18057.txt</li>
</ul>
Such a conversion can be done using iconv:<br>
<code>iconv -f IBM-1047 -t ISO8859-1 uni-text.bin >
uni-text.bin</code>
</li>
<li>
DLL directories and the LIBPATH setting: Building and testing ICU
needs the ICU libraries on the LIBPATH. In other words, the LIBPATH
should contain (each path prepended with the root directory that
contains the icu directory):
<ul>
<li>icu/source/common</li>
<li>icu/source/i18n</li>
<li>icu/source/tools/ctestfw</li>
<li>icu/source/tools/toolutil</li>
<li>icu/source/extra/ustdio</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>OS/390 supports both native S/390 hexadecimal floating point and,
(with Version 2.6 and later) IEEE binary floating point. This is a
compile time option. Applications built with IEEE should use ICU dlls
that are built with IEEE (and vice versa). The environment variable
IEEE390=1 will cause the OS/390 version of ICU to be built with IEEE
floating point. The default is native hexadecimal floating point.<br>
<em>Important:</em> Currently (ICU 1.4.2), native floating point
support is sufficient for codepage conversion, resource bundle and
UnicodeString operations, but the Format APIs, especially
ChoiceFormat, require IEEE binary floating point.</p>
<p>Examples for configuring ICU:<br>
Debug build: <code>IEEE390=1 ./configure</code><br>
Release build: <code>CFLAGS=-2 IEEE390=1 ./configure</code></p>
</li>
<li>Since the default make on OS/390 is not gmake, the pkgdata tool
requires that the "make" command is aliased to your installed version
of gmake.</li>
<li>The makedep executable that is used with the OS/390 ICU build
process is not shipped with ICU. It is available at the <a href=
"http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc">
z/OS Unix - Tools and Toys</a> site. The PATH environment variable
should be updated to contain the location of this executable prior to
build. Alternatively, makedep may be moved into an existing PATH
directory.</li>
<li>To run all of the tests for ICU, use "gmake check". When running
individual tests of the test suite, the TZ environment variable should
be set to export TZ="PST8PDT" so that time zone comparisons are
correct.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a name="HowToBuildOS390Batch">OS/390 Batch (PDS) support</a></h4>
<p>By default, ICU builds its libraries into the HFS. However, there is a
390-specific switch to build some libraries into PDS files. The switch is
the environmental variable OS390BATCH, and if set, the following
libraries are built into PDS files: libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll,
libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll, libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll, and libtestdata.dll.
Turning on OS390BATCH does not turn off the normal HFS build, thus the
HFS dlls will always be created.</p>
<p>The names of the PDS files are determined by the value of the
environmental variables LOADMOD and LOADEXP. These variables must contain
the target PDS names whenever the OS390BATCH variable is set. LOADMOD is
the library (.dll) target dataset and LOADEXP is the side deck (.x)
target dataset.</p>
<p>The PDS member names are as follows:</p>
<pre>
<samp>IXMICUUC --> libicuuc<i>XX</i>.dll
IXMICUDA --> libicudt<i>XX</i>e.dll
IXMICUD1 --> libicudt<i>XX</i>e_390.dll
IXMICUTE --> libtestdata.dll</samp>
</pre>
<p>Example PDS attributes are as follows:</p>
<pre>
<samp>Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.LOAD
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : LOAD
Organization . . . : PO
Record format . . . : U
Record length . . . : 0
Block size . . . . : 32760
1st extent cylinders: 40
Secondary cylinders : 59
Data set name type : PDS
Data Set Name . . . : <i>USER</i>.ICU.EXP
General Data
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : **None**
Organization . . . : PO
Record format . . . : FB
Record length . . . : 80
Block size . . . . : 3200
1st extent cylinders: 3
Secondary cylinders : 3
Data set name type : PDS</samp>
</pre>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildOS400">OS/400 (iSeries) Platform</a></h3>
<p>ICU Reference Release 1.8.1 contains partial support for the 400
platform, but additional work by the user is currently needed to get it
to build properly. A future release of ICU should work out-of-the-box
under OS/400.</p>
<ul>
<li>
Requirements:
<ul>
<li>QSHELL interpreter installed (install base option 30, operating
system)</li>
<li>QShell Utilities, PRPQ 5799-XEH (not required for V4R5)</li>
<li>ILE C++ for AS/400, PRPQ 5799-GDW (the latest cum package and
PTF SF62241 must be installed)</li>
<li>GNU facilities (You can get the GNU facilities for OS/400 from
<a href=
"http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html">http://www.as400.ibm.com/developer/porting/gnu_utilities.html</a>).</li>
</ul>
<!-- end requirements -->
</li>
<li>
Build environment setup:
<ol>
<li>
Create AS400 target library. This library will be the target for
the resulting modules, programs and service programs. You will
specify this library on the OUTPUTDIR environment variable in
step 2.<br>
<pre>
<samp>CRTLIB LIB(<i>libraryname</i>)</samp>
</pre>
<br>
</li>
<li>
Set up the following environment variables in your build process
(use the <i>libraryname</i> from the previous step)
<pre>
<samp>ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(ICU_DATA) VALUE('/icu/source/data')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CC) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(CXX) VALUE('/usr/bin/icc')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(MAKE) VALUE('/usr/bin/gmake')
ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(OUTPUTDIR) VALUE('<i>libraryname</i>')</samp>
</pre>
<i>libraryname</i> identifies target as400 library for *module,
*pgm and *srvpgm objects.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Add QCXXN, to your build process library list. This results in
the resolution of CRTCPPMOD used by the icc compiler</li>
<li>
In order to get the tests to run correctly, the QUTCOFFSET needs
to be set to the Pacific Time Zone offset.<br>
<br>
To check your QUTCOFFSET:
<pre>
<samp>DSPSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET)</samp>
</pre>
<br>
To change your QUTCOFFSET:<br>
<pre>
<samp>CHGSYSVAL SYSVAL(QUTCOFFSET) VALUE('-0800')</samp>
</pre>
You should change -0800 to -0700 for daylight savings.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>Run 'CHGJOB CCSID(37)'</li>
<li>Run 'QSH'</li>
<li>Run gunzip on the ICU source code compressed tar archive
(icu-<i>X</i>-<i>Y</i>.tar.gz or icu-<i>X</i>-<i>Y</i>.tgz).</li>
<li>Run unpax-icu.sh on the tar file from the ICU download
page.</li>
<li>Change your current directory to icu/source.</li>
<li>
Configure the Makefiles with the as/400 configure script from the
ICU download page. <strong>Note:</strong> Verify that the
mh-os400 configure file is used.
<ul>
<li>Run 'configure --host=as400-os400'</li>
<li>The 'clean' and 'install' targets will not work without
changes because of symbolic links. To delete the target module,
program, or service programs replace <tt>rm -rf</tt> with
<strong>$(RMV)</strong>, and in the library installation
targets (install-library) change <tt>$(INSTALL)</tt> to
<strong><tt>$(INSTALL-S)</tt></strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Run 'gmake -e'. The '-e' option is needed to pickup the
compilers.</li>
<li>Run 'gmake -e check' to run the tests.</li>
</ol>
<!-- end build environment -->
</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="ImportantNotes">Important Notes About Using ICU</a></h2>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesWindows">Windows Platform</a></h3>
<p>If you are building on the Win32 platform, it is important that you
understand a few of the following build details.</p>
<h4><a name="ImportantNotesWindowsDLL">DLL directories and the PATH
setting</a></h4>
<p>As delivered, the International Components for Unicode build as
several DLLs. These DLLs are placed in the "icu\bin" directory. You must
add this directory to the PATH environment variable in your system, or
any executables you build will not be able to access International
Components for Unicode libraries. Alternatively, you can copy the DLL
files into a directory already in your PATH, but we do not recommend
this. You can wind up with multiple copies of the DLL and wind up using
the wrong one.</p>
<h4><a name="ImportantNotesWindowsPath">Changing your PATH</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>Windows 2000</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
Panel. Pick the "Advanced" tab. Select the "Environment Variables..."
button. Select the variable PATH in the lower box, and select the lower
"Edit..." button. In the "Variable Value" box, append the string
";$Root\bin" to the end of the path string. If there is nothing there,
just type in "$Root\bin". Click the Set button, then the OK
button.</li>
<li><strong>Windows NT</strong>: Use the System Icon in the Control
Panel. Pick the "Environment" tab, and select the variable PATH in the
lower box. In the "value" box, append the string ";$Root\bin" at the
end of the path string. If there is nothing there, just type in
"$Root\bin". Click the Set button, then the OK button.</li>
<li><strong>Windows 95/98/ME</strong>: Edit the autoexec.bat, and add
the following line to the end of file, "SET PATH=%PATH%;$Root\bin"</li>
</ul>
<h4><a name="ImportantNotesWindowsLink">Linking with Runtime
libraries</a></h4>
<p>All the DLLs link with the C runtime library "Debug Multithreaded DLL"
or "Multithreaded DLL." (This is changed through the Project Settings
dialog, on the C/C++ tab, under Code Generation.) It is important that
any executable or other DLL you build which uses the International
Components for Unicode DLLs links with these runtime libraries as well.
If you do not do this, you will get random memory errors when you run the
executable.<br>
</p>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesUnix">Unix Type Platform</a></h3>
<p>If you are building on a Unix platform, it is important that you add
the location of your ICU libraries (including the data library) to your
LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. The ICU libraries may not link or
load properly without doing this.</p>
<h3><a name="ImportantNotesDeprecatedAPI">Methods for enabling deprecated
APIs</a></h3>
<h4>C</h4>
<p>Some deprecated C APIs can be enabled without recompiling the ICU
libraries. This can be achieved by defining certain symbols before
including the ICU header files. For example, to enable deprecated C APIs
for formatting.</p>
<pre>
<code>#ifndef U_USE_DEPRECATED_FORMAT_API
# define U_USE_DEPRECATED_FORMAT_API 1
#endif
#include "unicode/udat.h"
int main(){
UDateFormat *def, *fr, *fr_pat ;
UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
UChar temp[30];
fr = udat_open(UDAT_FULL, UDAT_DEFAULT, "fr_FR", NULL,0, &status);
if(U_FAILURE(status)){
printf("Error creating the french dateformat using full time style\n %s\n",
myErrorName(status) );
}
/* This is supposed to open default date format,
but later on it treats it like it is "en_US".
This is very bad when you try to run the tests
on a machine where the default locale is NOT "en_US"
*/
def = udat_open(UDAT_SHORT, UDAT_SHORT, "en_US", NULL, 0, &status);
if(U_FAILURE(status)){
.... /* handle the error */
}
}</code>
</pre>
<h4>C++</h4>
<p>Deprecated C++ APIs cannot be enbaled without recompiling ICU
libraries. Every service has a specific symbol that should be defined to
enable the deprecated API of that service. For example: To enable
deprecated APIs in Transliteration service
U_USE_DEPRECATED_TRANSLITERATOR_API symbol should be defined before
compiling ICU.</p>
<h2><a name="UsageInformation">Getting More Information About
ICU</a></h2>
<table border="1" cellpadding="3" width="100%" summary="">
<caption>
Here are some useful links regarding ICU and internationalization in
general.
</caption>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/</a></td>
<td>International Components for Unicode homepage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icufaq.html">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icufaq.html</a></td>
<td>Frequently asked questions about ICU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/download</a></td>
<td>Download the latest version of ICU and documentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/apiref/</a></td>
<td>API Documentation in HTML form</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/</a></td>
<td>Draft User's Guide Documentation in HTML form</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icu.pdf">http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/userguide/icu.pdf</a></td>
<td>Draft User's Guide Documentation in PDF form</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href=
"http://www.ibm.com/developer/unicode/">http://www.ibm.com/developer/unicode/</a></td>
<td>Information on how to make applications global.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2><a name="SubmittingComments">Submitting Comments, Requesting Features
and Reporting Bugs</a></h2>
<p>To submit comments, request features and report bugs, please contact
us. The best forum is the ICU mailing list. See the <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/archives/">information on how to browse
and join the list</a>. If you find a bug in the code that has not been
submitted and/or fixed yet, then please <a href=
"http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/icu/bugs">submit a
jitterbug</a>.</p>
<hr>
<p>Copyright © 1997-2001 International Business Machines Corporation
and others. All Rights Reserved.<br>
IBM Center for Emerging Technologies Silicon Valley,<br>
10275 N De Anza Blvd., Cupertino, CA 95014<br>
All rights reserved.</p>
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