diff --git a/BUILD.gn b/BUILD.gn
index 28edea5fe5..afe71fdf62 100644
--- a/BUILD.gn
+++ b/BUILD.gn
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ config("skia_private") {
   }
   libs = []
   lib_dirs = []
-  if (skia_use_angle) {
+  if (skia_use_gl && skia_use_angle) {
     defines += [ "SK_ANGLE" ]
   }
 }
@@ -531,36 +531,37 @@ optional("gpu") {
   }
 
   libs = []
-  if (is_android) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/egl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_egl.cpp" ]
-
-    # this lib is required to link against AHardwareBuffer
-    if (defined(ndk_api) && ndk_api >= 26) {
-      libs += [ "android" ]
-    }
-  } else if (skia_use_egl) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/egl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_egl.cpp" ]
-    libs += [ "EGL" ]
-  } else if (is_linux && skia_use_x11) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/glx/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_glx.cpp" ]
-    libs += [ "GL" ]
-  } else if (is_mac) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/mac/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_mac.cpp" ]
-  } else if (is_ios) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/iOS/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_iOS.cpp" ]
-  } else if (is_win) {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/win/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_win.cpp" ]
-    if (target_cpu != "arm64") {
-      libs += [ "OpenGL32.lib" ]
-    }
-  } else {
-    sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_none.cpp" ]
-  }
 
   if (skia_use_gl) {
     public_defines += [ "SK_GL" ]
+    if (is_android) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/egl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_egl.cpp" ]
+
+      # this lib is required to link against AHardwareBuffer
+      if (defined(ndk_api) && ndk_api >= 26) {
+        libs += [ "android" ]
+      }
+    } else if (skia_use_egl) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/egl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_egl.cpp" ]
+      libs += [ "EGL" ]
+    } else if (is_linux && skia_use_x11) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/glx/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_glx.cpp" ]
+      libs += [ "GL" ]
+    } else if (is_mac) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/mac/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_mac.cpp" ]
+    } else if (is_ios) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/iOS/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_iOS.cpp" ]
+    } else if (is_win) {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/win/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_win.cpp" ]
+      if (target_cpu != "arm64") {
+        libs += [ "OpenGL32.lib" ]
+      }
+    } else {
+      sources += [ "src/gpu/gl/GrGLMakeNativeInterface_none.cpp" ]
+    }
     sources += skia_gl_gpu_sources
   }
+
   if (skia_use_vulkan) {
     public_defines += [ "SK_VULKAN" ]
     deps += [ "third_party/vulkanmemoryallocator" ]
@@ -577,6 +578,13 @@ optional("gpu") {
     }
   }
 
+  if (is_android && (skia_use_gl || skia_use_vulkan)) {
+    # this lib is required to link against AHardwareBuffer
+    if (defined(ndk_api) && ndk_api >= 26) {
+      libs += [ "android" ]
+    }
+  }
+
   if (skia_use_dawn) {
     public_defines += [ "SK_DAWN" ]
     sources += skia_dawn_sources
@@ -1376,45 +1384,39 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       "tools/gpu/YUVUtils.h",
       "tools/gpu/mock/MockTestContext.cpp",
     ]
+
+    libs = []
+
     if (skia_use_gl) {
       sources += [
         "tools/gpu/atlastext/GLTestAtlasTextRenderer.cpp",
         "tools/gpu/gl/GLTestContext.cpp",
         "tools/gpu/gl/command_buffer/GLTestContext_command_buffer.cpp",
       ]
-    }
-
-    libs = []
-
-    if (is_android || skia_use_egl) {
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/egl/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_egl.cpp" ]
-    } else if (is_ios) {
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/iOS/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_iOS.mm" ]
-      libs += [ "OpenGLES.framework" ]
-    } else if (is_linux) {
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/glx/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_glx.cpp" ]
-      libs += [
-        "GLU",
-        "X11",
-      ]
-    } else if (is_mac) {
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/mac/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_mac.cpp" ]
-    } else if (is_win) {
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/win/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_win.cpp" ]
-      libs += [ "Gdi32.lib" ]
-      if (target_cpu != "arm64") {
-        libs += [ "OpenGL32.lib" ]
+      if (is_android || skia_use_egl) {
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/egl/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_egl.cpp" ]
+      } else if (is_ios) {
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/iOS/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_iOS.mm" ]
+        libs += [ "OpenGLES.framework" ]
+      } else if (is_linux) {
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/glx/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_glx.cpp" ]
+        libs += [
+          "GLU",
+          "X11",
+        ]
+      } else if (is_mac) {
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/mac/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_mac.cpp" ]
+      } else if (is_win) {
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/win/CreatePlatformGLTestContext_win.cpp" ]
+        libs += [ "Gdi32.lib" ]
+        if (target_cpu != "arm64") {
+          libs += [ "OpenGL32.lib" ]
+        }
+      }
+      if (skia_use_angle) {
+        deps += [ "//third_party/angle2" ]
+        sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/angle/GLTestContext_angle.cpp" ]
       }
-    } else if (is_fuchsia && using_fuchsia_sdk) {
-      libs +=
-          [ "${fuchsia_sdk_path}/arch/${target_cpu}/sysroot/lib/libzircon.so" ]
-    }
-
-    cflags_objcc = [ "-fobjc-arc" ]
-
-    if (skia_use_angle) {
-      deps += [ "//third_party/angle2" ]
-      sources += [ "tools/gpu/gl/angle/GLTestContext_angle.cpp" ]
     }
 
     if (skia_use_vulkan) {
@@ -1433,6 +1435,13 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       sources += [ "tools/gpu/dawn/DawnTestContext.cpp" ]
       cflags_cc = [ "-Wno-microsoft-cast" ]
     }
+
+    if (is_fuchsia && using_fuchsia_sdk) {
+      libs +=
+          [ "${fuchsia_sdk_path}/arch/${target_cpu}/sysroot/lib/libzircon.so" ]
+    }
+
+    cflags_objcc = [ "-fobjc-arc" ]
   }  # test_lib("gpu_tool_utils")
 
   test_lib("flags") {
@@ -2183,7 +2192,7 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       libs = [ "android" ]
     }
   }
-  if (is_android && skia_enable_gpu) {
+  if (is_android && skia_use_gl) {
     test_app("skottie_android") {
       is_shared_library = true
 
@@ -2228,18 +2237,12 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
     ]
     sources = [
       "tools/sk_app/CommandSet.cpp",
-      "tools/sk_app/GLWindowContext.cpp",
       "tools/sk_app/Window.cpp",
     ]
     libs = []
 
-    if (skia_use_dawn) {
-      sources += [ "tools/sk_app/DawnWindowContext.cpp" ]
-    }
-
     if (is_android) {
       sources += [
-        "tools/sk_app/android/GLWindowContext_android.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/android/RasterWindowContext_android.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/android/Window_android.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/android/main_android.cpp",
@@ -2248,50 +2251,27 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       libs += [ "android" ]
     } else if (is_linux) {
       sources += [
-        "tools/sk_app/unix/GLWindowContext_unix.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/unix/RasterWindowContext_unix.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/unix/Window_unix.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/unix/keysym2ucs.c",
         "tools/sk_app/unix/main_unix.cpp",
       ]
-      if (skia_use_dawn) {
-        if (dawn_enable_vulkan) {
-          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/unix/DawnVulkanWindowContext_unix.cpp" ]
-          defines = [ "VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR" ]
-          libs += [ "X11-xcb" ]
-        }
-      }
       libs += [
-        "GL",
+        "GL",  # Used by raster window context, so cannot be behind skia_use_gl.
         "X11",
       ]
     } else if (is_win) {
       sources += [
-        "tools/sk_app/win/GLWindowContext_win.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/win/RasterWindowContext_win.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/win/Window_win.cpp",
         "tools/sk_app/win/main_win.cpp",
       ]
-      if (skia_use_angle) {
-        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/win/ANGLEWindowContext_win.cpp" ]
-      }
-      if (skia_use_dawn) {
-        if (dawn_enable_d3d12) {
-          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/win/DawnD3D12WindowContext_win.cpp" ]
-        }
-      }
     } else if (is_mac) {
       sources += [
-        "tools/sk_app/mac/GLWindowContext_mac.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/mac/RasterWindowContext_mac.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/mac/Window_mac.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/mac/main_mac.mm",
       ]
-      if (skia_use_dawn) {
-        if (dawn_enable_metal) {
-          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/mac/DawnMTLWindowContext_mac.mm" ]
-        }
-      }
       libs += [
         "QuartzCore.framework",
         "Cocoa.framework",
@@ -2299,7 +2279,6 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       ]
     } else if (is_ios) {
       sources += [
-        "tools/sk_app/ios/GLWindowContext_ios.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/ios/RasterWindowContext_ios.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/ios/Window_ios.mm",
         "tools/sk_app/ios/main_ios.mm",
@@ -2307,6 +2286,24 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       libs += [ "QuartzCore.framework" ]
     }
 
+    if (skia_use_gl) {
+      sources += [ "tools/sk_app/GLWindowContext.cpp" ]
+      if (is_android) {
+        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/android/GLWindowContext_android.cpp" ]
+      } else if (is_linux) {
+        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/unix/GLWindowContext_unix.cpp" ]
+      } else if (is_win) {
+        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/win/GLWindowContext_win.cpp" ]
+        if (skia_use_angle) {
+          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/win/ANGLEWindowContext_win.cpp" ]
+        }
+      } else if (is_mac) {
+        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/mac/GLWindowContext_mac.mm" ]
+      } else if (is_ios) {
+        sources += [ "tools/sk_app/ios/GLWindowContext_ios.mm" ]
+      }
+    }
+
     if (skia_use_vulkan) {
       sources += [ "tools/sk_app/VulkanWindowContext.cpp" ]
       if (is_android) {
@@ -2328,13 +2325,32 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       }
     }
 
+    if (skia_use_dawn) {
+      sources += [ "tools/sk_app/DawnWindowContext.cpp" ]
+      if (is_linux) {
+        if (dawn_enable_vulkan) {
+          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/unix/DawnVulkanWindowContext_unix.cpp" ]
+          defines = [ "VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR" ]
+          libs += [ "X11-xcb" ]
+        }
+      } else if (is_win) {
+        if (dawn_enable_d3d12) {
+          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/win/DawnD3D12WindowContext_win.cpp" ]
+        }
+      } else if (is_mac) {
+        if (dawn_enable_metal) {
+          sources += [ "tools/sk_app/mac/DawnMTLWindowContext_mac.mm" ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     deps = [
       ":tool_utils",
     ]
     if (is_android) {
       deps += [ "//third_party/native_app_glue" ]
     }
-    if (skia_use_angle) {
+    if (skia_use_gl && skia_use_angle) {
       deps += [ "//third_party/angle2" ]
     }
   }
@@ -2360,53 +2376,57 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
       ]
     }
   }
-  test_app("viewer") {
-    is_shared_library = is_android
-    sources = [
-      "tools/viewer/AnimTimer.h",
-      "tools/viewer/BisectSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/GMSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/ImGuiLayer.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/ImageSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/ParticlesSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SKPSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SampleSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SkSLSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SkottieSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SlideDir.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/StatsLayer.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/SvgSlide.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/TouchGesture.cpp",
-      "tools/viewer/TouchGesture.h",
-      "tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp",
-    ]
-    libs = []
 
-    deps = [
-      ":common_flags_gpu",
-      ":experimental_svg_model",
-      ":flags",
-      ":gm",
-      ":gpu_tool_utils",
-      ":samples",
-      ":sk_app",
-      ":skia",
-      ":tool_utils",
-      ":trace",
-      "modules/particles",
-      "modules/skottie",
-      "modules/skottie:utils",
-      "modules/sksg",
-      "modules/sksg:samples",
-      "//third_party/imgui",
-    ]
-    if (skia_use_experimental_xform) {
-      deps += [ ":experimental_xform" ]
-      sources += [ "gm/xform.cpp" ]
+  # sk_app can work without GL but viewer always runs raster through a GL window context.
+  if (skia_use_gl) {
+    test_app("viewer") {
+      is_shared_library = is_android
+      sources = [
+        "tools/viewer/AnimTimer.h",
+        "tools/viewer/BisectSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/GMSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/ImGuiLayer.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/ImageSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/ParticlesSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SKPSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SampleSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SkSLSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SkottieSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SlideDir.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/StatsLayer.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/SvgSlide.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/TouchGesture.cpp",
+        "tools/viewer/TouchGesture.h",
+        "tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp",
+      ]
+      libs = []
+
+      deps = [
+        ":common_flags_gpu",
+        ":experimental_svg_model",
+        ":flags",
+        ":gm",
+        ":gpu_tool_utils",
+        ":samples",
+        ":sk_app",
+        ":skia",
+        ":tool_utils",
+        ":trace",
+        "modules/particles",
+        "modules/skottie",
+        "modules/skottie:utils",
+        "modules/sksg",
+        "modules/sksg:samples",
+        "//third_party/imgui",
+      ]
+      if (skia_use_experimental_xform) {
+        deps += [ ":experimental_xform" ]
+        sources += [ "gm/xform.cpp" ]
+      }
     }
   }
 
-  if (!skia_use_angle && (is_linux || is_win || is_mac)) {
+  if (skia_use_gl && !skia_use_angle && (is_linux || is_win || is_mac)) {
     test_app("HelloWorld") {
       sources = [
         "example/HelloWorld.cpp",
@@ -2423,8 +2443,8 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
     }
   }
 
-  if ((is_linux || is_mac || is_ios) && target_cpu != "mips64el" &&
-      target_cpu != "loongson3a") {
+  if (skia_use_gl && (is_linux || is_mac || is_ios) &&
+      target_cpu != "mips64el" && target_cpu != "loongson3a") {
     test_app("SkiaSDLExample") {
       sources = [
         "example/SkiaSDLExample.cpp",
@@ -2539,7 +2559,7 @@ if (skia_enable_tools) {
     ]
   }
 
-  if (skia_use_icu && skia_use_harfbuzz) {
+  if (skia_use_gl && skia_use_icu && skia_use_harfbuzz) {
     test_app("editor") {
       is_shared_library = is_android
       deps = [
diff --git a/RELEASE_NOTES.txt b/RELEASE_NOTES.txt
index c34c846a24..ab0402e946 100644
--- a/RELEASE_NOTES.txt
+++ b/RELEASE_NOTES.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ Milestone 83
 <Insert new notes here- top is most recent.>
   * SkImage::makeTextureImage() takes an optional SkBudgeted param
 
+  * Made non-GL builds of GPU backend more robust.
+    https://review.skia.org/277456
+
   * 
 
 * * *
diff --git a/bench/nanobench.cpp b/bench/nanobench.cpp
index f96cceaf3e..06ee02f118 100644
--- a/bench/nanobench.cpp
+++ b/bench/nanobench.cpp
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ struct GPUTarget : public Target {
         return true;
     }
     void fillOptions(NanoJSONResultsWriter& log) override {
+#ifdef SK_GL
         const GrGLubyte* version;
         if (this->contextInfo.backend() == GrBackendApi::kOpenGL) {
             const GrGLInterface* gl =
@@ -269,6 +270,7 @@ struct GPUTarget : public Target {
             GR_GL_CALL_RET(gl, version, GetString(GR_GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
             log.appendString("GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION", (const char*) version);
         }
+#endif
     }
 
     void dumpStats() override {
diff --git a/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/compile.sh b/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/compile.sh
index 35d3c4e114..ead1d5a2a9 100755
--- a/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/compile.sh
+++ b/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/compile.sh
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ python tools/embed_resources.py \
     --align 4
 
 GN_GPU_FLAGS="\"-DSK_DISABLE_LEGACY_SHADERCONTEXT\","
-WASM_GPU="-lEGL -lGLESv2 -DSK_SUPPORT_GPU=1 \
+WASM_GPU="-lEGL -lGLESv2 -DSK_SUPPORT_GPU=1 -DSK_GL \
           -DSK_DISABLE_LEGACY_SHADERCONTEXT --pre-js $BASE_DIR/cpu.js --pre-js $BASE_DIR/gpu.js"
 
 # Turn off exiting while we check for ninja (which may not be on PATH)
diff --git a/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/debugger_bindings.cpp b/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/debugger_bindings.cpp
index 6c41446be1..5b5090df09 100644
--- a/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/debugger_bindings.cpp
+++ b/experimental/wasm-skp-debugger/debugger_bindings.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <emscripten.h>
 #include <emscripten/bind.h>
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 #include "include/gpu/GrBackendSurface.h"
 #include "include/gpu/GrContext.h"
 #include "include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h"
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class SkpDebugPlayer {
       int fInspectedLayer = -1;
 };
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 sk_sp<GrContext> MakeGrContext(EMSCRIPTEN_WEBGL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context)
 {
     EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT r = emscripten_webgl_make_context_current(context);
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(my_module) {
       self.clear(SkColor(color));
     }));
 
-  #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+  #ifdef SK_GL
     class_<GrContext>("GrContext")
         .smart_ptr<sk_sp<GrContext>>("sk_sp<GrContext>");
     function("currentContext", &emscripten_webgl_get_current_context);
diff --git a/fuzz/FuzzCanvas.cpp b/fuzz/FuzzCanvas.cpp
index 52a5984e69..6f87c9d4ab 100644
--- a/fuzz/FuzzCanvas.cpp
+++ b/fuzz/FuzzCanvas.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 #include "src/utils/SkUTF.h"
 #include "tools/flags/CommandLineFlags.h"
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 #include "include/gpu/gl/GrGLFunctions.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrContextPriv.h"
 #include "src/gpu/gl/GrGLGpu.h"
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ DEF_FUZZ(SerializedImageFilter, fuzz) {
     canvas.restore();
 }
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 
 static void dump_GPU_info(GrContext* context) {
     const GrGLInterface* gl = static_cast<GrGLGpu*>(context->priv().getGpu())
diff --git a/gm/rectangletexture.cpp b/gm/rectangletexture.cpp
index 8a8e4933eb..9bcc4cde90 100644
--- a/gm/rectangletexture.cpp
+++ b/gm/rectangletexture.cpp
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file.
  */
 
-// This test only works with the GPU backend.
+// This test only works with the GL backend.
 
 #include "gm/gm.h"
+
+#ifdef SK_GL
 #include "include/core/SkBitmap.h"
 #include "include/core/SkCanvas.h"
 #include "include/core/SkColor.h"
@@ -270,3 +272,4 @@ private:
 
 DEF_GM(return new RectangleTexture;)
 }
+#endif
diff --git a/gn/tests.gni b/gn/tests.gni
index cf462c1144..bebda05ab0 100644
--- a/gn/tests.gni
+++ b/gn/tests.gni
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/ApplyGammaTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ArenaAllocTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/AsADashTest.cpp",
+  "$_tests/BackendAllocationTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/BadIcoTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/BitSetTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/BitmapCopyTest.cpp",
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/ColorPrivTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ColorSpaceTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ColorTest.cpp",
+  "$_tests/CompressedBackendAllocationTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/CopySurfaceTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/CubicMapTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/DebugLayerManagerTest.cpp",
@@ -196,6 +198,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/ProgramsTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/PromiseImageTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ProxyConversionTest.cpp",
+  "$_tests/ProxyTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ProxyRefTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/QuickRejectTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/RRectInPathTest.cpp",
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/RenderTargetContextTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/RepeatedClippedBlurTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/ResourceAllocatorTest.cpp",
+  "$_tests/ResourceCacheTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/RoundRectTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/SRGBReadWritePixelsTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/SRGBTest.cpp",
@@ -275,6 +279,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/StrokerTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/SubsetPath.cpp",
   "$_tests/SubsetPath.h",
+  "$_tests/SurfaceSemaphoreTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/SurfaceTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/SwizzlerTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/TArrayTest.cpp",
@@ -293,6 +298,7 @@ tests_sources = [
   "$_tests/TextureStripAtlasManagerTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/Time.cpp",
   "$_tests/TopoSortTest.cpp",
+  "$_tests/TraceMemoryDumpTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/TracingTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/TransferPixelsTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/TypefaceTest.cpp",
@@ -315,16 +321,10 @@ tests_sources = [
 ]
 
 gl_tests_sources = [
-  "$_tests/BackendAllocationTest.cpp",
-  "$_tests/CompressedBackendAllocationTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/EGLImageTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/GrGLExtensionsTest.cpp",
-  "$_tests/ProxyTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/RectangleTextureTest.cpp",
-  "$_tests/ResourceCacheTest.cpp",
-  "$_tests/SurfaceSemaphoreTest.cpp",
   "$_tests/TextureBindingsResetTest.cpp",
-  "$_tests/TraceMemoryDumpTest.cpp",
 ]
 
 metal_tests_sources = [
diff --git a/include/core/SkTypes.h b/include/core/SkTypes.h
index 93eda2a9b3..036f992d6a 100644
--- a/include/core/SkTypes.h
+++ b/include/core/SkTypes.h
@@ -248,9 +248,15 @@
  * and opting in to additional backends. TODO: Require explicit opt in for GL.
  */
 #if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
-#  if !defined(SK_GL) && !defined(SK_VULKAN) && !defined(SK_METAL)
+#  if !defined(SK_GL) && !defined(SK_VULKAN) && !defined(SK_METAL) && !defined(SK_DAWN) && !defined(SK_DIRECT3D)
 #    define SK_GL
 #  endif
+#else
+#  undef SK_GL
+#  undef SK_VULKAN
+#  undef SK_METAL
+#  undef SK_DAWN
+#  undef SK_DIRECT3D
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(SK_SUPPORT_ATLAS_TEXT)
diff --git a/include/gpu/GrContext.h b/include/gpu/GrContext.h
index 62e5c716e5..da1072d08d 100644
--- a/include/gpu/GrContext.h
+++ b/include/gpu/GrContext.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class SkTraceMemoryDump;
 
 class SK_API GrContext : public GrRecordingContext {
 public:
+#ifdef SK_GL
     /**
      * Creates a GrContext for a backend context. If no GrGLInterface is provided then the result of
      * GrGLMakeNativeInterface() is used if it succeeds.
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ public:
     static sk_sp<GrContext> MakeGL(sk_sp<const GrGLInterface>);
     static sk_sp<GrContext> MakeGL(const GrContextOptions&);
     static sk_sp<GrContext> MakeGL();
+#endif
 
     /**
      * The Vulkan context (VkQueue, VkDevice, VkInstance) must be kept alive until the returned
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/default.py b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/default.py
index cf14a45f97..310b05d29c 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/default.py
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/default.py
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ def compile_fn(api, checkout_root, out_dir):
     args['is_debug'] = 'false'
   if 'Dawn' in extra_tokens:
     args['skia_use_dawn'] = 'true'
+    args['skia_use_gl'] = 'false'
     # Dawn imports jinja2, which imports markupsafe. Along with DEPS, make it
     # importable.
     env['PYTHONPATH'] = api.path.pathsep.join([
@@ -270,12 +271,15 @@ def compile_fn(api, checkout_root, out_dir):
   if 'Vulkan' in extra_tokens and not 'Android' in extra_tokens:
     args['skia_use_vulkan'] = 'true'
     args['skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers'] = 'true'
+    args['skia_use_gl'] = 'false'
     if 'MoltenVK' in extra_tokens:
       args['skia_moltenvk_path'] = '"%s"' % moltenvk
   if 'Direct3D' in extra_tokens:
     args['skia_use_direct3d'] = 'true'
+    args['skia_use_gl'] = 'false'
   if 'Metal' in extra_tokens:
     args['skia_use_metal'] = 'true'
+    args['skia_use_gl'] = 'false'
   if 'OpenCL' in extra_tokens:
     args['skia_use_opencl'] = 'true'
     if api.vars.is_linux:
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Debian9-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Debian9-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
index c9a5075690..ccd44a4f68 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Debian9-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Debian9-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/bin/gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/out/Build-Debian9-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan/Release",
-      "--args=cc=\"[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin/clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_linux/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin/clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-B[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin\", \"-DDUMMY_clang_linux_version=42\"] extra_ldflags=[\"-B[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin\", \"-fuse-ld=lld\", \"-L[START_DIR]/clang_linux/lib\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
+      "--args=cc=\"[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin/clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_linux/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin/clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-B[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin\", \"-DDUMMY_clang_linux_version=42\"] extra_ldflags=[\"-B[START_DIR]/clang_linux/bin\", \"-fuse-ld=lld\", \"-L[START_DIR]/clang_linux/lib\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_use_gl=false skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Debug-Metal.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Debug-Metal.json
index 3faab040da..9ac26a0412 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Debug-Metal.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Debug-Metal.json
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/bin/gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/out/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Debug-Metal/Debug",
-      "--args=cc=\"clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_mac/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_xcode_build_version=11c29\", \"-O1\"] skia_use_metal=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
+      "--args=cc=\"clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_mac/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_xcode_build_version=11c29\", \"-O1\"] skia_use_gl=false skia_use_metal=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Release-MoltenVK_Vulkan.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Release-MoltenVK_Vulkan.json
index f2858631a0..36df397720 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Release-MoltenVK_Vulkan.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Release-MoltenVK_Vulkan.json
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/bin/gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia/out/Build-Mac-Clang-x86_64-Release-MoltenVK_Vulkan/Release",
-      "--args=cc=\"clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_mac/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_xcode_build_version=11c29\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_moltenvk_path=\"[START_DIR]/moltenvk\" skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
+      "--args=cc=\"clang\" cc_wrapper=\"[START_DIR]/ccache_mac/bin/ccache\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_xcode_build_version=11c29\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_moltenvk_path=\"[START_DIR]/moltenvk\" skia_use_gl=false skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true"
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]/cache/work/skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Dawn.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Dawn.json
index 748018c80c..8272f9f6d5 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Dawn.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Dawn.json
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\bin\\gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\out\\Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Dawn\\Release_x64",
-      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_use_dawn=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
+      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_use_dawn=true skia_use_gl=false target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Direct3D.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Direct3D.json
index dbc0c18db9..f8102eff4d 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Direct3D.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Direct3D.json
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\bin\\gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\out\\Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Direct3D\\Release_x64",
-      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_use_direct3d=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
+      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_use_direct3d=true skia_use_gl=false target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
index 45f014d537..a53ec69706 100644
--- a/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
+++ b/infra/bots/recipe_modules/build/examples/full.expected/Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan.json
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\bin\\gn",
       "gen",
       "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia\\out\\Build-Win-Clang-x86_64-Release-Vulkan\\Release_x64",
-      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
+      "--args=cc=\"clang\" clang_win=\"[START_DIR]\\clang_win\" cxx=\"clang++\" extra_cflags=[\"-DDUMMY_clang_win_version=42\"] is_debug=false skia_enable_vulkan_debug_layers=true skia_use_gl=false skia_use_vulkan=true target_cpu=\"x86_64\" werror=true win_sdk=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/win_sdk\" win_vc=\"[START_DIR]\\win_toolchain/VC\""
     ],
     "cwd": "[START_DIR]\\cache\\work\\skia",
     "env": {
diff --git a/modules/canvaskit/canvaskit_bindings.cpp b/modules/canvaskit/canvaskit_bindings.cpp
index a39e3a7824..3eaf85809e 100644
--- a/modules/canvaskit/canvaskit_bindings.cpp
+++ b/modules/canvaskit/canvaskit_bindings.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 #include <emscripten.h>
 #include <emscripten/bind.h>
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 #include "include/gpu/GrBackendSurface.h"
 #include "include/gpu/GrContext.h"
 #include "include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h"
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ SkImageInfo toSkImageInfo(const SimpleImageInfo& sii) {
     return SkImageInfo::Make(sii.width, sii.height, sii.colorType, sii.alphaType);
 }
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
 sk_sp<GrContext> MakeGrContext(EMSCRIPTEN_WEBGL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context)
 {
     EMSCRIPTEN_RESULT r = emscripten_webgl_make_context_current(context);
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ namespace emscripten {
 // types Pi, Pf").  But, we can just pretend they are numbers and cast them to be pointers and
 // the compiler is happy.
 EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(Skia) {
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
     function("currentContext", &emscripten_webgl_get_current_context);
     function("setCurrentContext", &emscripten_webgl_make_context_current);
     function("MakeGrContext", &MakeGrContext);
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(Skia) {
                                                      flags, &localMatrix);
     }), allow_raw_pointers());
 
-#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
+#ifdef SK_GL
     class_<GrContext>("GrContext")
         .smart_ptr<sk_sp<GrContext>>("sk_sp<GrContext>")
         .function("getResourceCacheLimitBytes", optional_override([](GrContext& self)->size_t {
diff --git a/modules/canvaskit/compile.sh b/modules/canvaskit/compile.sh
index 6783b7f61c..a10018642d 100755
--- a/modules/canvaskit/compile.sh
+++ b/modules/canvaskit/compile.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ rm -f $BUILD_DIR/*.a
 
 GN_GPU="skia_enable_gpu=true skia_gl_standard = \"webgl\""
 GN_GPU_FLAGS="\"-DSK_DISABLE_LEGACY_SHADERCONTEXT\","
-WASM_GPU="-lEGL -lGLESv2 -DSK_SUPPORT_GPU=1 \
+WASM_GPU="-lEGL -lGLESv2 -DSK_SUPPORT_GPU=1 -DSK_GL \
           -DSK_DISABLE_LEGACY_SHADERCONTEXT --pre-js $BASE_DIR/cpu.js --pre-js $BASE_DIR/gpu.js\
           -s USE_WEBGL2=1"
 if [[ $@ == *cpu* ]]; then
diff --git a/samplecode/SampleCCPRGeometry.cpp b/samplecode/SampleCCPRGeometry.cpp
index 9b150e2933..3b4c49959c 100644
--- a/samplecode/SampleCCPRGeometry.cpp
+++ b/samplecode/SampleCCPRGeometry.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "src/core/SkRectPriv.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrClip.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrContextPriv.h"
+#include "src/gpu/GrGpu.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrMemoryPool.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrRenderTargetContext.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrRenderTargetContextPriv.h"
@@ -26,10 +27,13 @@
 #include "src/gpu/ccpr/GrGSCoverageProcessor.h"
 #include "src/gpu/ccpr/GrVSCoverageProcessor.h"
 #include "src/gpu/geometry/GrPathUtils.h"
-#include "src/gpu/gl/GrGLGpu.h"
 #include "src/gpu/glsl/GrGLSLFragmentShaderBuilder.h"
 #include "src/gpu/ops/GrDrawOp.h"
 
+#ifdef SK_GL
+#include "src/gpu/gl/GrGLGpu.h"
+#endif
+
 using TriPointInstance = GrCCCoverageProcessor::TriPointInstance;
 using QuadPointInstance = GrCCCoverageProcessor::QuadPointInstance;
 using PrimitiveType = GrCCCoverageProcessor::PrimitiveType;
@@ -329,6 +333,7 @@ void CCPRGeometryView::DrawCoverageCountOp::onExecute(GrOpFlushState* state,
                                                       const SkRect& chainBounds) {
     GrResourceProvider* rp = state->resourceProvider();
     GrContext* context = state->gpu()->getContext();
+#ifdef SK_GL
     GrGLGpu* glGpu = GrBackendApi::kOpenGL == context->backend()
                              ? static_cast<GrGLGpu*>(state->gpu())
                              : nullptr;
@@ -337,6 +342,7 @@ void CCPRGeometryView::DrawCoverageCountOp::onExecute(GrOpFlushState* state,
         // GR_GL_CALL(glGpu->glInterface(), PolygonMode(GR_GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GR_GL_LINE));
         GR_GL_CALL(glGpu->glInterface(), Enable(GR_GL_LINE_SMOOTH));
     }
+#endif
 
     GrPipeline pipeline(GrScissorTest::kDisabled, SkBlendMode::kPlus,
                         state->drawOpArgs().outputSwizzle());
@@ -399,9 +405,11 @@ void CCPRGeometryView::DrawCoverageCountOp::onExecute(GrOpFlushState* state,
         stroker.drawStrokes(state, proc.get(), batchID, ibounds);
     }
 
+#ifdef SK_GL
     if (glGpu) {
         context->resetContext(kMisc_GrGLBackendState);
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 class CCPRGeometryView::Click : public Sample::Click {
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrBackendSurface.cpp b/src/gpu/GrBackendSurface.cpp
index a8f44d88c4..f313940fc4 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrBackendSurface.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrBackendSurface.cpp
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ GrBackendFormat::GrBackendFormat(GrGLenum format, GrGLenum target)
             SK_ABORT("Unexpected texture target");
     }
 }
+#endif
 
 GrGLFormat GrBackendFormat::asGLFormat() const {
     if (this->isValid() && GrBackendApi::kOpenGL == fBackend) {
@@ -99,7 +100,6 @@ GrGLFormat GrBackendFormat::asGLFormat() const {
     }
     return GrGLFormat::kUnknown;
 }
-#endif
 
 GrBackendFormat GrBackendFormat::MakeVk(const GrVkYcbcrConversionInfo& ycbcrInfo) {
     SkASSERT(ycbcrInfo.isValid());
diff --git a/tests/ProgramsTest.cpp b/tests/ProgramsTest.cpp
index dd69a0c48e..b38d5d5012 100644
--- a/tests/ProgramsTest.cpp
+++ b/tests/ProgramsTest.cpp
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
 #include "src/gpu/GrPipeline.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrRenderTargetContextPriv.h"
 #include "src/gpu/GrXferProcessor.h"
-#include "tests/Test.h"
-#include "tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h"
-
-#include "src/gpu/ops/GrDrawOp.h"
-
 #include "src/gpu/effects/GrPorterDuffXferProcessor.h"
 #include "src/gpu/effects/GrXfermodeFragmentProcessor.h"
 #include "src/gpu/effects/generated/GrConfigConversionEffect.h"
-
-#include "src/gpu/gl/GrGLGpu.h"
 #include "src/gpu/glsl/GrGLSLFragmentProcessor.h"
 #include "src/gpu/glsl/GrGLSLFragmentShaderBuilder.h"
 #include "src/gpu/glsl/GrGLSLProgramBuilder.h"
+#include "src/gpu/ops/GrDrawOp.h"
+#include "tests/Test.h"
+#include "tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h"
+
+#ifdef SK_GL
+#include "src/gpu/gl/GrGLGpu.h"
+#endif
 
 /*
  * A dummy processor which just tries to insert a massive key and verify that it can retrieve the
@@ -343,8 +343,9 @@ bool GrDrawingManager::ProgramUnitTest(GrContext* context, int maxStages, int ma
 #endif
 
 static int get_programs_max_stages(const sk_gpu_test::ContextInfo& ctxInfo) {
-    GrContext* context = ctxInfo.grContext();
     int maxStages = 6;
+#ifdef SK_GL
+    GrContext* context = ctxInfo.grContext();
     if (skiatest::IsGLContextType(ctxInfo.type())) {
         GrGLGpu* gpu = static_cast<GrGLGpu*>(context->priv().getGpu());
         if (kGLES_GrGLStandard == gpu->glStandard()) {
@@ -367,6 +368,7 @@ static int get_programs_max_stages(const sk_gpu_test::ContextInfo& ctxInfo) {
             maxStages = 3;
         }
     }
+#endif
     return maxStages;
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/fiddle/fiddle_main.cpp b/tools/fiddle/fiddle_main.cpp
index df369fc74a..5278fc8653 100644
--- a/tools/fiddle/fiddle_main.cpp
+++ b/tools/fiddle/fiddle_main.cpp
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ static SkCanvas* prepare_canvas(SkCanvas * canvas) {
     return canvas;
 }
 
+#ifdef SK_GL
 static bool setup_backend_objects(GrContext* context,
                                   const SkBitmap& bm,
                                   const DrawOptions& options) {
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ static bool setup_backend_objects(GrContext* context,
 
     return true;
 }
+#endif
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     CommandLineFlags::Parse(argc, argv);
@@ -289,6 +291,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         draw(prepare_canvas(rasterSurface->getCanvas()));
         rasterData = encode_snapshot(rasterSurface);
     }
+#ifdef SK_GL
     if (options.gpu) {
         std::unique_ptr<sk_gpu_test::GLTestContext> glContext;
         sk_sp<GrContext> grContext = create_grcontext(gGLDriverInfo, &glContext);
@@ -310,6 +313,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
             gpuData = encode_snapshot(surface);
         }
     }
+#endif
     if (options.pdf) {
         SkDynamicMemoryWStream pdfStream;
         auto document = SkPDF::MakeDocument(&pdfStream);
diff --git a/tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h b/tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h
index d46e1c1b42..21f25d5ac6 100644
--- a/tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h
+++ b/tools/gpu/GrContextFactory.h
@@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ private:
         bool              fAbandoned;
     };
     SkTArray<Context, true>         fContexts;
+#ifdef SK_GL
     std::unique_ptr<GLTestContext>  fSentinelGLContext;
+#endif
     const GrContextOptions          fGlobalOptions;
 };
 
@@ -176,10 +178,12 @@ public:
 
     TestContext* testContext() const { return fTestContext; }
 
+#ifdef SK_GL
     GLTestContext* glContext() const {
         SkASSERT(GrBackendApi::kOpenGL == this->backend());
         return static_cast<GLTestContext*>(fTestContext);
     }
+#endif
 
     const GrContextOptions& options() const { return fOptions; }
 
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/Window.h b/tools/sk_app/Window.h
index 76be66206e..22b24f6d56 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/Window.h
+++ b/tools/sk_app/Window.h
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ public:
     virtual bool scaleContentToFit() const { return false; }
 
     enum BackendType {
+#ifdef SK_GL
         kNativeGL_BackendType,
+#endif
 #if SK_ANGLE && defined(SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN)
         kANGLE_BackendType,
 #endif
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/android/Window_android.cpp b/tools/sk_app/android/Window_android.cpp
index f1924c48a6..129686b0f6 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/android/Window_android.cpp
+++ b/tools/sk_app/android/Window_android.cpp
@@ -47,11 +47,15 @@ bool Window_android::attach(BackendType attachType) {
 void Window_android::initDisplay(ANativeWindow* window) {
     SkASSERT(window);
     switch (fBackendType) {
+#ifdef SK_GL
         case kNativeGL_BackendType:
         default:
             fWindowContext =
                     window_context_factory::MakeGLForAndroid(window, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
+#else
+        default:
+#endif
         case kRaster_BackendType:
             fWindowContext =
                     window_context_factory::MakeRasterForAndroid(window, fRequestedDisplayParams);
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/ios/Window_ios.mm b/tools/sk_app/ios/Window_ios.mm
index 82d8a73f97..36f50fc404 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/ios/Window_ios.mm
+++ b/tools/sk_app/ios/Window_ios.mm
@@ -80,18 +80,22 @@ bool Window_ios::attach(BackendType attachType) {
     info.fWindow = this;
     info.fViewController = fWindow.rootViewController;
     switch (attachType) {
-        case kRaster_BackendType:
-            fWindowContext = MakeRasterForIOS(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
-            break;
 #ifdef SK_METAL
         case kMetal_BackendType:
             fWindowContext = MakeMetalForIOS(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
 #endif
+#ifdef SK_GL
         case kNativeGL_BackendType:
         default:
             fWindowContext = MakeGLForIOS(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
+#else
+        default:
+#endif
+        case kRaster_BackendType:
+            fWindowContext = MakeRasterForIOS(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
+            break;
     }
     this->onBackendCreated();
 
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/mac/Window_mac.mm b/tools/sk_app/mac/Window_mac.mm
index 8b6280e1eb..38b1253940 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/mac/Window_mac.mm
+++ b/tools/sk_app/mac/Window_mac.mm
@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@ bool Window_mac::attach(BackendType attachType) {
     window_context_factory::MacWindowInfo info;
     info.fMainView = [fWindow contentView];
     switch (attachType) {
-        case kRaster_BackendType:
-            fWindowContext = MakeRasterForMac(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
-            break;
 #ifdef SK_DAWN
         case kDawn_BackendType:
             fWindowContext = MakeDawnMTLForMac(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
@@ -137,10 +134,17 @@ bool Window_mac::attach(BackendType attachType) {
             fWindowContext = MakeMetalForMac(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
 #endif
+#ifdef SK_GL
         case kNativeGL_BackendType:
         default:
             fWindowContext = MakeGLForMac(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
+#else
+        default:
+#endif
+        case kRaster_BackendType:
+            fWindowContext = MakeRasterForMac(info, fRequestedDisplayParams);
+            break;
     }
     this->onBackendCreated();
 
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/unix/Window_unix.cpp b/tools/sk_app/unix/Window_unix.cpp
index 32e0447eac..f46e10dfee 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/unix/Window_unix.cpp
+++ b/tools/sk_app/unix/Window_unix.cpp
@@ -370,10 +370,12 @@ bool Window_unix::attach(BackendType attachType) {
                     window_context_factory::MakeVulkanForXlib(winInfo, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
 #endif
+#ifdef SK_GL
         case kNativeGL_BackendType:
             fWindowContext =
                     window_context_factory::MakeGLForXlib(winInfo, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
+#endif
         case kRaster_BackendType:
             fWindowContext =
                     window_context_factory::MakeRasterForXlib(winInfo, fRequestedDisplayParams);
diff --git a/tools/sk_app/win/Window_win.cpp b/tools/sk_app/win/Window_win.cpp
index 43ed343a30..9afe0886b4 100644
--- a/tools/sk_app/win/Window_win.cpp
+++ b/tools/sk_app/win/Window_win.cpp
@@ -350,9 +350,11 @@ bool Window_win::attach(BackendType attachType) {
     fBackend = attachType;
 
     switch (attachType) {
+#ifdef SK_GL
         case kNativeGL_BackendType:
             fWindowContext = window_context_factory::MakeGLForWin(fHWnd, fRequestedDisplayParams);
             break;
+#endif
 #if SK_ANGLE
         case kANGLE_BackendType:
             fWindowContext =
diff --git a/tools/skiaserve/Request.cpp b/tools/skiaserve/Request.cpp
index 960405da05..0f3a6f2937 100644
--- a/tools/skiaserve/Request.cpp
+++ b/tools/skiaserve/Request.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ sk_sp<SkData> Request::writeCanvasToPng(SkCanvas* canvas) {
 }
 
 SkCanvas* Request::getCanvas() {
+#ifdef SK_GL
     GrContextFactory* factory = fContextFactory;
     GLTestContext* gl = factory->getContextInfo(GrContextFactory::kGL_ContextType,
             GrContextFactory::ContextOverrides::kNone).glContext();
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ SkCanvas* Request::getCanvas() {
     if (gl) {
         gl->makeCurrent();
     }
+#endif
     SkASSERT(fDebugCanvas);
 
     // create the appropriate surface if necessary
diff --git a/tools/skottie_ios_app/GrContextHolder.mm b/tools/skottie_ios_app/GrContextHolder.mm
index 3209221976..6a01c60503 100644
--- a/tools/skottie_ios_app/GrContextHolder.mm
+++ b/tools/skottie_ios_app/GrContextHolder.mm
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@
 #include "include/gpu/GrContextOptions.h"
 #include "include/gpu/gl/GrGLInterface.h"
 
+#ifdef SK_GL
 GrContextHolder SkMakeGLContext() {
     return GrContextHolder(GrContext::MakeGL(nullptr, GrContextOptions()).release());
 }
+#endif
 
 void GrContextRelease::operator()(GrContext* ptr) { SkSafeUnref(ptr); }
 
diff --git a/tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp b/tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp
index b1c38192e4..665da4ace0 100644
--- a/tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp
+++ b/tools/viewer/Viewer.cpp
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ static DEFINE_bool(redraw, false, "Toggle continuous redraw.");
 
 static DEFINE_bool(offscreen, false, "Force rendering to an offscreen surface.");
 
+#ifndef SK_GL
+static_assert(false, "viewer requires GL backend for raster.")
+#endif
+
 const char* kBackendTypeStrings[sk_app::Window::kBackendTypeCount] = {
     "OpenGL",
 #if SK_ANGLE && defined(SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN)