/* * Copyright 2013 Google Inc. * * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be * found in the LICENSE file. */ #include "include/utils/SkRandom.h" #include "src/core/SkTSort.h" #include "tests/Test.h" static bool anderson_darling_test(double p[32]) { // Min and max Anderson-Darling values allowable for k=32 const double kADMin32 = 0.202; // p-value of ~0.1 const double kADMax32 = 3.89; // p-value of ~0.99 // sort p values SkTQSort<double>(p, p + 31); // and compute Anderson-Darling statistic to ensure these are uniform double s = 0.0; for(int k = 0; k < 32; k++) { double v = p[k]*(1.0 - p[31-k]); if (v < 1.0e-30) { v = 1.0e-30; } s += (2.0*(k+1)-1.0)*log(v); } double a2 = -32.0 - 0.03125*s; return (kADMin32 < a2 && a2 < kADMax32); } static bool chi_square_test(int bins[256], int e) { // Min and max chisquare values allowable const double kChiSqMin256 = 206.3179; // probability of chance = 0.99 with k=256 const double kChiSqMax256 = 311.5603; // probability of chance = 0.01 with k=256 // compute chi-square double chi2 = 0.0; for (int j = 0; j < 256; ++j) { double delta = bins[j] - e; chi2 += delta*delta/e; } return (kChiSqMin256 < chi2 && chi2 < kChiSqMax256); } // Approximation to the normal distribution CDF // From Waissi and Rossin, 1996 static double normal_cdf(double z) { double t = ((-0.0004406*z*z* + 0.0418198)*z*z + 0.9)*z; t *= -1.77245385091; // -sqrt(PI) double p = 1.0/(1.0 + exp(t)); return p; } static void test_random_byte(skiatest::Reporter* reporter, int shift) { int bins[256]; memset(bins, 0, sizeof(int)*256); SkRandom rand; for (int i = 0; i < 256*10000; ++i) { bins[(rand.nextU() >> shift) & 0xff]++; } REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, chi_square_test(bins, 10000)); } static void test_random_float(skiatest::Reporter* reporter) { int bins[256]; memset(bins, 0, sizeof(int)*256); SkRandom rand; for (int i = 0; i < 256*10000; ++i) { float f = rand.nextF(); REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, 0.0f <= f && f < 1.0f); bins[(int)(f*256.f)]++; } REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, chi_square_test(bins, 10000)); double p[32]; for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j) { float f = rand.nextF(); REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, 0.0f <= f && f < 1.0f); p[j] = f; } REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, anderson_darling_test(p)); } // This is a test taken from tuftests by Marsaglia and Tsang. The idea here is that // we are using the random bit generated from a single shift position to generate // "strings" of 16 bits in length, shifting the string and adding a new bit with each // iteration. We track the numbers generated. The ones that we don't generate will // have a normal distribution with mean ~24108 and standard deviation ~127. By // creating a z-score (# of deviations from the mean) for one iteration of this step // we can determine its probability. // // The original test used 26 bit strings, but is somewhat slow. This version uses 16 // bits which is less rigorous but much faster to generate. static double test_single_gorilla(skiatest::Reporter* reporter, int shift) { const int kWordWidth = 16; const double kMean = 24108.0; const double kStandardDeviation = 127.0; const int kN = (1 << kWordWidth); const int kNumEntries = kN >> 5; // dividing by 32 unsigned int entries[kNumEntries]; SkRandom rand; memset(entries, 0, sizeof(unsigned int)*kNumEntries); // pre-seed our string value int value = 0; for (int i = 0; i < kWordWidth-1; ++i) { value <<= 1; unsigned int rnd = rand.nextU(); value |= ((rnd >> shift) & 0x1); } // now make some strings and track them for (int i = 0; i < kN; ++i) { value = SkLeftShift(value, 1); unsigned int rnd = rand.nextU(); value |= ((rnd >> shift) & 0x1); int index = value & (kNumEntries-1); SkASSERT(index < kNumEntries); int entry_shift = (value >> (kWordWidth-5)) & 0x1f; entries[index] |= (0x1 << entry_shift); } // count entries int total = 0; for (int i = 0; i < kNumEntries; ++i) { unsigned int entry = entries[i]; while (entry) { total += (entry & 0x1); entry >>= 1; } } // convert counts to normal distribution z-score double z = ((kN-total)-kMean)/kStandardDeviation; // compute probability from normal distibution CDF double p = normal_cdf(z); REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, 0.01 < p && p < 0.99); return p; } static void test_gorilla(skiatest::Reporter* reporter) { double p[32]; for (int bit_position = 0; bit_position < 32; ++bit_position) { p[bit_position] = test_single_gorilla(reporter, bit_position); } REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, anderson_darling_test(p)); } static void test_range(skiatest::Reporter* reporter) { SkRandom rand; // just to make sure we don't crash in this case (void) rand.nextRangeU(0, 0xffffffff); // check a case to see if it's uniform int bins[256]; memset(bins, 0, sizeof(int)*256); for (int i = 0; i < 256*10000; ++i) { unsigned int u = rand.nextRangeU(17, 17+255); REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, 17 <= u && u <= 17+255); bins[u - 17]++; } REPORTER_ASSERT(reporter, chi_square_test(bins, 10000)); } DEF_TEST(Random, reporter) { // check uniform distributions of each byte in 32-bit word test_random_byte(reporter, 0); test_random_byte(reporter, 8); test_random_byte(reporter, 16); test_random_byte(reporter, 24); test_random_float(reporter); test_gorilla(reporter); test_range(reporter); }