skia2/include/codec/SkCodec.h

/*
 * Copyright 2015 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#ifndef SkCodec_DEFINED
#define SkCodec_DEFINED

#include "../private/SkTemplates.h"
#include "SkColor.h"
#include "SkEncodedFormat.h"
#include "SkImageInfo.h"
#include "SkSize.h"
#include "SkStream.h"
#include "SkTypes.h"

class SkData;
class SkPngChunkReader;
class SkSampler;

/**
 *  Abstraction layer directly on top of an image codec.
 */
class SkCodec : SkNoncopyable {
public:
    /**
     *  Minimum number of bytes that must be buffered in SkStream input.
     *
     *  An SkStream passed to NewFromStream must be able to use this many
     *  bytes to determine the image type. Then the same SkStream must be
     *  passed to the correct decoder to read from the beginning.
     *
     *  This can be accomplished by implementing peek() to support peeking
     *  this many bytes, or by implementing rewind() to be able to rewind()
     *  after reading this many bytes.
     */
    static size_t MinBufferedBytesNeeded();

    /**
     *  If this stream represents an encoded image that we know how to decode,
     *  return an SkCodec that can decode it. Otherwise return NULL.
     *
     *  As stated above, this call must be able to peek or read
     *  MinBufferedBytesNeeded to determine the correct format, and then start
     *  reading from the beginning. First it will attempt to peek, and it
     *  assumes that if less than MinBufferedBytesNeeded bytes (but more than
     *  zero) are returned, this is because the stream is shorter than this,
     *  so falling back to reading would not provide more data. If peek()
     *  returns zero bytes, this call will instead attempt to read(). This
     *  will require that the stream can be rewind()ed.
     *
     *  If SkPngChunkReader is not NULL, take a ref and pass it to libpng if
     *  the image is a png.
     *
     *  If the SkPngChunkReader is not NULL then:
     *      If the image is not a PNG, the SkPngChunkReader will be ignored.
     *      If the image is a PNG, the SkPngChunkReader will be reffed.
     *      If the PNG has unknown chunks, the SkPngChunkReader will be used
     *      to handle these chunks.  SkPngChunkReader will be called to read
     *      any unknown chunk at any point during the creation of the codec
     *      or the decode.  Note that if SkPngChunkReader fails to read a
     *      chunk, this could result in a failure to create the codec or a
     *      failure to decode the image.
     *      If the PNG does not contain unknown chunks, the SkPngChunkReader
     *      will not be used or modified.
     *
     *  If NULL is returned, the stream is deleted immediately. Otherwise, the
     *  SkCodec takes ownership of it, and will delete it when done with it.
     */
    static SkCodec* NewFromStream(SkStream*, SkPngChunkReader* = NULL);

    /**
     *  If this data represents an encoded image that we know how to decode,
     *  return an SkCodec that can decode it. Otherwise return NULL.
     *
     *  If the SkPngChunkReader is not NULL then:
     *      If the image is not a PNG, the SkPngChunkReader will be ignored.
     *      If the image is a PNG, the SkPngChunkReader will be reffed.
     *      If the PNG has unknown chunks, the SkPngChunkReader will be used
     *      to handle these chunks.  SkPngChunkReader will be called to read
     *      any unknown chunk at any point during the creation of the codec
     *      or the decode.  Note that if SkPngChunkReader fails to read a
     *      chunk, this could result in a failure to create the codec or a
     *      failure to decode the image.
     *      If the PNG does not contain unknown chunks, the SkPngChunkReader
     *      will not be used or modified.
     *
     *  Will take a ref if it returns a codec, else will not affect the data.
     */
    static SkCodec* NewFromData(SkData*, SkPngChunkReader* = NULL);

    virtual ~SkCodec();

    /**
     *  Return the ImageInfo associated with this codec.
     */
    const SkImageInfo& getInfo() const { return fSrcInfo; }

    /**
     *  Return a size that approximately supports the desired scale factor.
     *  The codec may not be able to scale efficiently to the exact scale
     *  factor requested, so return a size that approximates that scale.
     *  The returned value is the codec's suggestion for the closest valid
     *  scale that it can natively support
     */
    SkISize getScaledDimensions(float desiredScale) const {
        // Negative and zero scales are errors.
        SkASSERT(desiredScale > 0.0f);
        if (desiredScale <= 0.0f) {
            return SkISize::Make(0, 0);
        }

        // Upscaling is not supported. Return the original size if the client
        // requests an upscale.
        if (desiredScale >= 1.0f) {
            return this->getInfo().dimensions();
        }
        return this->onGetScaledDimensions(desiredScale);
    }

    /**
     *  Return (via desiredSubset) a subset which can decoded from this codec,
     *  or false if this codec cannot decode subsets or anything similar to
     *  desiredSubset.
     *
     *  @param desiredSubset In/out parameter. As input, a desired subset of
     *      the original bounds (as specified by getInfo). If true is returned,
     *      desiredSubset may have been modified to a subset which is
     *      supported. Although a particular change may have been made to
     *      desiredSubset to create something supported, it is possible other
     *      changes could result in a valid subset.
     *      If false is returned, desiredSubset's value is undefined.
     *  @return true if this codec supports decoding desiredSubset (as
     *      returned, potentially modified)
     */
    bool getValidSubset(SkIRect* desiredSubset) const {
        return this->onGetValidSubset(desiredSubset);
    }

    /**
     *  Format of the encoded data.
     */
    SkEncodedFormat getEncodedFormat() const { return this->onGetEncodedFormat(); }

    /**
     *  Used to describe the result of a call to getPixels().
     *
     *  Result is the union of possible results from subclasses.
     */
    enum Result {
        /**
         *  General return value for success.
         */
        kSuccess,
        /**
         *  The input is incomplete. A partial image was generated.
         */
        kIncompleteInput,
        /**
         *  The generator cannot convert to match the request, ignoring
         *  dimensions.
         */
        kInvalidConversion,
        /**
         *  The generator cannot scale to requested size.
         */
        kInvalidScale,
        /**
         *  Parameters (besides info) are invalid. e.g. NULL pixels, rowBytes
         *  too small, etc.
         */
        kInvalidParameters,
        /**
         *  The input did not contain a valid image.
         */
        kInvalidInput,
        /**
         *  Fulfilling this request requires rewinding the input, which is not
         *  supported for this input.
         */
        kCouldNotRewind,
        /**
         *  This method is not implemented by this codec.
         *  FIXME: Perhaps this should be kUnsupported?
         */
        kUnimplemented,
    };

    /**
     *  Whether or not the memory passed to getPixels is zero initialized.
     */
    enum ZeroInitialized {
        /**
         *  The memory passed to getPixels is zero initialized. The SkCodec
         *  may take advantage of this by skipping writing zeroes.
         */
        kYes_ZeroInitialized,
        /**
         *  The memory passed to getPixels has not been initialized to zero,
         *  so the SkCodec must write all zeroes to memory.
         *
         *  This is the default. It will be used if no Options struct is used.
         */
        kNo_ZeroInitialized,
    };

    /**
     *  Additional options to pass to getPixels.
     */
    struct Options {
        Options()
            : fZeroInitialized(kNo_ZeroInitialized)
            , fSubset(NULL)
        {}

        ZeroInitialized fZeroInitialized;
        /**
         *  If not NULL, represents a subset of the original image to decode.
         *  Must be within the bounds returned by getInfo().
         *  If the EncodedFormat is kWEBP_SkEncodedFormat (the only one which
         *  currently supports subsets), the top and left values must be even.
         *
         *  In getPixels, we will attempt to decode the exact rectangular
         *  subset specified by fSubset.
         *
         *  In a scanline decode, it does not make sense to specify a subset
         *  top or subset height, since the client already controls which rows
         *  to get and which rows to skip.  During scanline decodes, we will
         *  require that the subset top be zero and the subset height be equal
         *  to the full height.  We will, however, use the values of
         *  subset left and subset width to decode partial scanlines on calls
         *  to getScanlines().
         */
        SkIRect*        fSubset;
    };

    /**
     *  Decode into the given pixels, a block of memory of size at
     *  least (info.fHeight - 1) * rowBytes + (info.fWidth *
     *  bytesPerPixel)
     *
     *  Repeated calls to this function should give the same results,
     *  allowing the PixelRef to be immutable.
     *
     *  @param info A description of the format (config, size)
     *         expected by the caller.  This can simply be identical
     *         to the info returned by getInfo().
     *
     *         This contract also allows the caller to specify
     *         different output-configs, which the implementation can
     *         decide to support or not.
     *
     *         A size that does not match getInfo() implies a request
     *         to scale. If the generator cannot perform this scale,
     *         it will return kInvalidScale.
     *
     *  If info is kIndex8_SkColorType, then the caller must provide storage for up to 256
     *  SkPMColor values in ctable. On success the generator must copy N colors into that storage,
     *  (where N is the logical number of table entries) and set ctableCount to N.
     *
     *  If info is not kIndex8_SkColorType, then the last two parameters may be NULL. If ctableCount
     *  is not null, it will be set to 0.
     *
     *  If a scanline decode is in progress, scanline mode will end, requiring the client to call
     *  startScanlineDecode() in order to return to decoding scanlines.
     *
     *  @return Result kSuccess, or another value explaining the type of failure.
     */
    Result getPixels(const SkImageInfo& info, void* pixels, size_t rowBytes, const Options*,
                     SkPMColor ctable[], int* ctableCount);

    /**
     *  Simplified version of getPixels() that asserts that info is NOT kIndex8_SkColorType and
     *  uses the default Options.
     */
    Result getPixels(const SkImageInfo& info, void* pixels, size_t rowBytes);

    /**
     * The remaining functions revolve around decoding scanlines.
     */

    /**
     *  Prepare for a scanline decode with the specified options.
     *
     *  After this call, this class will be ready to decode the first scanline.
     *
     *  This must be called in order to call getScanlines or skipScanlines.
     *
     *  This may require rewinding the stream.
     *
     *  Not all SkCodecs support this.
     *
     *  @param dstInfo Info of the destination. If the dimensions do not match
     *      those of getInfo, this implies a scale.
     *  @param options Contains decoding options, including if memory is zero
     *      initialized.
     *  @param ctable A pointer to a color table.  When dstInfo.colorType() is
     *      kIndex8, this should be non-NULL and have enough storage for 256
     *      colors.  The color table will be populated after decoding the palette.
     *  @param ctableCount A pointer to the size of the color table.  When
     *      dstInfo.colorType() is kIndex8, this should be non-NULL.  It will
     *      be modified to the true size of the color table (<= 256) after
     *      decoding the palette.
     *  @return Enum representing success or reason for failure.
     */
    Result startScanlineDecode(const SkImageInfo& dstInfo, const SkCodec::Options* options,
            SkPMColor ctable[], int* ctableCount);

    /**
     *  Simplified version of startScanlineDecode() that asserts that info is NOT
     *  kIndex8_SkColorType and uses the default Options.
     */
    Result startScanlineDecode(const SkImageInfo& dstInfo);

    /**
     *  Write the next countLines scanlines into dst.
     *
     *  Not valid to call before calling startScanlineDecode().
     *
     *  @param dst Must be non-null, and large enough to hold countLines
     *      scanlines of size rowBytes.
     *  @param countLines Number of lines to write.
     *  @param rowBytes Number of bytes per row. Must be large enough to hold
     *      a scanline based on the SkImageInfo used to create this object.
     *  @return the number of lines successfully decoded.  If this value is
     *      less than countLines, this will fill the remaining lines with a
     *      default value.
     */
    int getScanlines(void* dst, int countLines, size_t rowBytes);

    /**
     *  Skip count scanlines.
     *
     *  Not valid to call before calling startScanlineDecode().
     *
     *  The default version just calls onGetScanlines and discards the dst.
     *  NOTE: If skipped lines are the only lines with alpha, this default
     *  will make reallyHasAlpha return true, when it could have returned
     *  false.
     *
     *  @return true if the scanlines were successfully skipped
     *          false on failure, possible reasons for failure include:
     *              An incomplete input image stream.
     *              Calling this function before calling startScanlineDecode().
     *              If countLines is less than zero or so large that it moves
     *                  the current scanline past the end of the image.
     */
    bool skipScanlines(int countLines);

    /**
     *  The order in which rows are output from the scanline decoder is not the
     *  same for all variations of all image types.  This explains the possible
     *  output row orderings.
     */
    enum SkScanlineOrder {
        /*
         * By far the most common, this indicates that the image can be decoded
         * reliably using the scanline decoder, and that rows will be output in
         * the logical order.
         */
        kTopDown_SkScanlineOrder,

        /*
         * This indicates that the scanline decoder reliably outputs rows, but
         * they will be returned in reverse order.  If the scanline format is
         * kBottomUp, the nextScanline() API can be used to determine the actual
         * y-coordinate of the next output row, but the client is not forced
         * to take advantage of this, given that it's not too tough to keep
         * track independently.
         *
         * For full image decodes, it is safe to get all of the scanlines at
         * once, since the decoder will handle inverting the rows as it
         * decodes.
         *
         * For subset decodes and sampling, it is simplest to get and skip
         * scanlines one at a time, using the nextScanline() API.  It is
         * possible to ask for larger chunks at a time, but this should be used
         * with caution.  As with full image decodes, the decoder will handle
         * inverting the requested rows, but rows will still be delivered
         * starting from the bottom of the image.
         *
         * Upside down bmps are an example.
         */
        kBottomUp_SkScanlineOrder,

        /*
         * This indicates that the scanline decoder reliably outputs rows, but
         * they will not be in logical order.  If the scanline format is
         * kOutOfOrder, the nextScanline() API should be used to determine the
         * actual y-coordinate of the next output row.
         *
         * For this scanline ordering, it is advisable to get and skip
         * scanlines one at a time.
         *
         * Interlaced gifs are an example.
         */
        kOutOfOrder_SkScanlineOrder,

        /*
         * Indicates that the entire image must be decoded in order to output
         * any amount of scanlines.  In this case, it is a REALLY BAD IDEA to
         * request scanlines 1-by-1 or in small chunks.  The client should
         * determine which scanlines are needed and ask for all of them in
         * a single call to getScanlines().
         *
         * Interlaced pngs are an example.
         */
        kNone_SkScanlineOrder,
    };

    /**
     *  An enum representing the order in which scanlines will be returned by
     *  the scanline decoder.
     *
     *  This is undefined before startScanlineDecode() is called.
     */
    SkScanlineOrder getScanlineOrder() const { return this->onGetScanlineOrder(); }

    /**
     *  Returns the y-coordinate of the next row to be returned by the scanline
     *  decoder.
     *
     *  This will equal fCurrScanline, except in the case of strangely
     *  encoded image types (bottom-up bmps, interlaced gifs).
     *
     *  Results are undefined when not in scanline decoding mode.
     */
    int nextScanline() const { return this->outputScanline(fCurrScanline); }

    /**
     *  Returns the output y-coordinate of the row that corresponds to an input
     *  y-coordinate.  The input y-coordinate represents where the scanline
     *  is located in the encoded data.
     *
     *  This will equal inputScanline, except in the case of strangely
     *  encoded image types (bottom-up bmps, interlaced gifs).
     */
    int outputScanline(int inputScanline) const;

protected:
    SkCodec(const SkImageInfo&, SkStream*);

    virtual SkISize onGetScaledDimensions(float /* desiredScale */) const {
        // By default, scaling is not supported.
        return this->getInfo().dimensions();
    }

    // FIXME: What to do about subsets??
    /**
     *  Subclasses should override if they support dimensions other than the
     *  srcInfo's.
     */
    virtual bool onDimensionsSupported(const SkISize&) {
        return false;
    }

    virtual SkEncodedFormat onGetEncodedFormat() const = 0;

    /**
     * @param rowsDecoded When the encoded image stream is incomplete, this function
     *                    will return kIncompleteInput and rowsDecoded will be set to
     *                    the number of scanlines that were successfully decoded.
     *                    This will allow getPixels() to fill the uninitialized memory.
     */
    virtual Result onGetPixels(const SkImageInfo& info,
                               void* pixels, size_t rowBytes, const Options&,
                               SkPMColor ctable[], int* ctableCount,
                               int* rowsDecoded) = 0;

    virtual bool onGetValidSubset(SkIRect* /* desiredSubset */) const {
        // By default, subsets are not supported.
        return false;
    }

    /**
     *  If the stream was previously read, attempt to rewind.
     *
     *  If the stream needed to be rewound, call onRewind.
     *  @returns true if the codec is at the right position and can be used.
     *      false if there was a failure to rewind.
     *
     *  This is called by getPixels() and start(). Subclasses may call if they
     *  need to rewind at another time.
     */
    bool SK_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT rewindIfNeeded();

    /**
     *  Called by rewindIfNeeded, if the stream needed to be rewound.
     *
     *  Subclasses should do any set up needed after a rewind.
     */
    virtual bool onRewind() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * On an incomplete input, getPixels() and getScanlines() will fill any uninitialized
     * scanlines.  This allows the subclass to indicate what value to fill with.
     *
     * @param colorType Destination color type.
     * @param alphaType Destination alpha type.
     * @return          The value with which to fill uninitialized pixels.
     *
     * Note that we can interpret the return value as an SkPMColor, a 16-bit 565 color,
     * an 8-bit gray color, or an 8-bit index into a color table, depending on the color
     * type.
     */
    uint32_t getFillValue(SkColorType colorType, SkAlphaType alphaType) const {
        return this->onGetFillValue(colorType, alphaType);
    }

    /**
     * Some subclasses will override this function, but this is a useful default for the color
     * types that we support.  Note that for color types that do not use the full 32-bits,
     * we will simply take the low bits of the fill value.
     *
     * kN32_SkColorType: Transparent or Black
     * kRGB_565_SkColorType: Black
     * kGray_8_SkColorType: Black
     * kIndex_8_SkColorType: First color in color table
     */
    virtual uint32_t onGetFillValue(SkColorType /*colorType*/, SkAlphaType alphaType) const {
        return kOpaque_SkAlphaType == alphaType ? SK_ColorBLACK : SK_ColorTRANSPARENT;
    }

    /**
     * Get method for the input stream
     */
    SkStream* stream() {
        return fStream.get();
    }

    /**
     *  The remaining functions revolve around decoding scanlines.
     */

    /**
     *  Most images types will be kTopDown and will not need to override this function.
     */
    virtual SkScanlineOrder onGetScanlineOrder() const { return kTopDown_SkScanlineOrder; }

    /**
     *  Update the current scanline. Used by interlaced png.
     */
    void updateCurrScanline(int newY) { fCurrScanline = newY; }

    const SkImageInfo& dstInfo() const { return fDstInfo; }

    const SkCodec::Options& options() const { return fOptions; }

    /**
     *  Returns the number of scanlines that have been decoded so far.
     *  This is unaffected by the SkScanlineOrder.
     *
     *  Returns -1 if we have not started a scanline decode.
     */
    int currScanline() const { return fCurrScanline; }

    virtual int onOutputScanline(int inputScanline) const;

private:
    const SkImageInfo       fSrcInfo;
    SkAutoTDelete<SkStream> fStream;
    bool                    fNeedsRewind;
    // These fields are only meaningful during scanline decodes.
    SkImageInfo             fDstInfo;
    SkCodec::Options        fOptions;
    int                     fCurrScanline;

    /**
     *  Return whether these dimensions are supported as a scale.
     *
     *  The codec may choose to cache the information about scale and subset.
     *  Either way, the same information will be passed to onGetPixels/onStart
     *  on success.
     *
     *  This must return true for a size returned from getScaledDimensions.
     */
    bool dimensionsSupported(const SkISize& dim) {
        return dim == fSrcInfo.dimensions() || this->onDimensionsSupported(dim);
    }

    // Methods for scanline decoding.
    virtual SkCodec::Result onStartScanlineDecode(const SkImageInfo& /*dstInfo*/,
            const SkCodec::Options& /*options*/, SkPMColor* /*ctable*/, int* /*ctableCount*/) {
        return kUnimplemented;
    }

    // Naive default version just calls onGetScanlines on temp memory.
    virtual bool onSkipScanlines(int countLines) {
        // FIXME (msarett): Make this a pure virtual and always override this.
        SkAutoMalloc storage(fDstInfo.minRowBytes());

        // Note that we pass 0 to rowBytes so we continue to use the same memory.
        // Also note that while getScanlines checks that rowBytes is big enough,
        // onGetScanlines bypasses that check.
        // Calling the virtual method also means we do not double count
        // countLines.
        return countLines == this->onGetScanlines(storage.get(), countLines, 0);
    }

    virtual int onGetScanlines(void* /*dst*/, int /*countLines*/, size_t /*rowBytes*/) { return 0; }

    /**
     * On an incomplete decode, getPixels() and getScanlines() will call this function
     * to fill any uinitialized memory.
     *
     * @param dstInfo        Contains the destination color type
     *                       Contains the destination alpha type
     *                       Contains the destination width
     *                       The height stored in this info is unused
     * @param dst            Pointer to the start of destination pixel memory
     * @param rowBytes       Stride length in destination pixel memory
     * @param zeroInit       Indicates if memory is zero initialized
     * @param linesRequested Number of lines that the client requested
     * @param linesDecoded   Number of lines that were successfully decoded
     */
    void fillIncompleteImage(const SkImageInfo& dstInfo, void* dst, size_t rowBytes,
            ZeroInitialized zeroInit, int linesRequested, int linesDecoded);

    /**
     *  Return an object which will allow forcing scanline decodes to sample in X.
     *
     *  May create a sampler, if one is not currently being used. Otherwise, does
     *  not affect ownership.
     *
     *  Only valid during scanline decoding.
     */
    virtual SkSampler* getSampler(bool /*createIfNecessary*/) { return nullptr; }

    friend class SkSampledCodec;
    friend class SkIcoCodec;
};
#endif // SkCodec_DEFINED