diff --git a/src/compiler/wasm-compiler.cc b/src/compiler/wasm-compiler.cc
index 8bd5bc15d4..c6970e9677 100644
--- a/src/compiler/wasm-compiler.cc
+++ b/src/compiler/wasm-compiler.cc
@@ -7828,8 +7828,7 @@ WasmImportData ResolveWasmImportCall(
   if (WasmJSFunction::IsWasmJSFunction(*callable)) {
     auto js_function = Handle<WasmJSFunction>::cast(callable);
     suspend = js_function->GetSuspend();
-    if ((suspend && !js_function->MatchesSignatureForSuspend(expected_sig)) ||
-        (!suspend && !js_function->MatchesSignature(expected_sig))) {
+    if (!js_function->MatchesSignature(expected_sig)) {
       return {WasmImportCallKind::kLinkError, callable, wasm::kNoSuspend};
     }
     // Resolve the short-cut to the underlying callable and continue.
diff --git a/src/diagnostics/objects-printer.cc b/src/diagnostics/objects-printer.cc
index 9ff50baefa..e3548d4b6c 100644
--- a/src/diagnostics/objects-printer.cc
+++ b/src/diagnostics/objects-printer.cc
@@ -2033,6 +2033,7 @@ void WasmInstanceObject::WasmInstanceObjectPrint(std::ostream& os) {
 void WasmFunctionData::WasmFunctionDataPrint(std::ostream& os) {
   os << "\n - internal: " << Brief(internal());
   os << "\n - wrapper_code: " << Brief(TorqueGeneratedClass::wrapper_code());
+  os << "\n - js_promise_flags: " << js_promise_flags();
 }
 
 void WasmExportedFunctionData::WasmExportedFunctionDataPrint(std::ostream& os) {
@@ -2042,7 +2043,6 @@ void WasmExportedFunctionData::WasmExportedFunctionDataPrint(std::ostream& os) {
   os << "\n - function_index: " << function_index();
   os << "\n - signature: " << Brief(signature());
   os << "\n - wrapper_budget: " << wrapper_budget();
-  os << "\n - suspend: " << suspend();
   os << "\n";
 }
 
diff --git a/src/heap/factory.cc b/src/heap/factory.cc
index 661c4e0b34..c0cd9187fd 100644
--- a/src/heap/factory.cc
+++ b/src/heap/factory.cc
@@ -1671,7 +1671,8 @@ Handle<WasmInternalFunction> Factory::NewWasmInternalFunction(
 Handle<WasmJSFunctionData> Factory::NewWasmJSFunctionData(
     Address opt_call_target, Handle<JSReceiver> callable, int return_count,
     int parameter_count, Handle<PodArray<wasm::ValueType>> serialized_sig,
-    Handle<CodeT> wrapper_code, Handle<Map> rtt, wasm::Suspend suspend) {
+    Handle<CodeT> wrapper_code, Handle<Map> rtt, wasm::Suspend suspend,
+    wasm::Promise promise) {
   Handle<WasmApiFunctionRef> ref =
       NewWasmApiFunctionRef(callable, suspend, Handle<WasmInstanceObject>());
   Handle<WasmInternalFunction> internal =
@@ -1686,7 +1687,8 @@ Handle<WasmJSFunctionData> Factory::NewWasmJSFunctionData(
   result.set_serialized_return_count(return_count);
   result.set_serialized_parameter_count(parameter_count);
   result.set_serialized_signature(*serialized_sig);
-  result.set_suspend(suspend);
+  result.set_js_promise_flags(WasmFunctionData::SuspendField::encode(suspend) |
+                              WasmFunctionData::PromiseField::encode(promise));
   return handle(result, isolate());
 }
 
@@ -1705,7 +1707,7 @@ Handle<WasmExportedFunctionData> Factory::NewWasmExportedFunctionData(
     Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper, Handle<WasmInstanceObject> instance,
     Address call_target, Handle<Object> ref, int func_index,
     Address sig_address, int wrapper_budget, Handle<Map> rtt,
-    wasm::Suspend suspend) {
+    wasm::Promise promise) {
   Handle<Foreign> sig_foreign = NewForeign(sig_address);
   Handle<WasmInternalFunction> internal =
       NewWasmInternalFunction(call_target, Handle<HeapObject>::cast(ref), rtt);
@@ -1728,7 +1730,9 @@ Handle<WasmExportedFunctionData> Factory::NewWasmExportedFunctionData(
       *BUILTIN_CODE(isolate(), Illegal),
       V8_EXTERNAL_CODE_SPACE_BOOL ? UPDATE_WRITE_BARRIER : SKIP_WRITE_BARRIER);
   result.set_packed_args_size(0);
-  result.set_suspend(suspend);
+  result.set_js_promise_flags(
+      WasmFunctionData::SuspendField::encode(wasm::kNoSuspend) |
+      WasmFunctionData::PromiseField::encode(promise));
   return handle(result, isolate());
 }
 
@@ -1749,6 +1753,9 @@ Handle<WasmCapiFunctionData> Factory::NewWasmCapiFunctionData(
   result.set_wrapper_code(*wrapper_code);
   result.set_embedder_data(*embedder_data);
   result.set_serialized_signature(*serialized_sig);
+  result.set_js_promise_flags(
+      WasmFunctionData::SuspendField::encode(wasm::kNoSuspend) |
+      WasmFunctionData::PromiseField::encode(wasm::kNoPromise));
   return handle(result, isolate());
 }
 
diff --git a/src/heap/factory.h b/src/heap/factory.h
index 5b2656e229..01ddb7a60b 100644
--- a/src/heap/factory.h
+++ b/src/heap/factory.h
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ struct WasmElemSegment;
 class WasmValue;
 enum class OnResume : int;
 enum Suspend : uint8_t;
+enum Promise : uint8_t;
 }  // namespace wasm
 #endif
 
@@ -643,7 +644,7 @@ class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE Factory : public FactoryBase<Factory> {
       Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper, Handle<WasmInstanceObject> instance,
       Address call_target, Handle<Object> ref, int func_index,
       Address sig_address, int wrapper_budget, Handle<Map> rtt,
-      wasm::Suspend suspend);
+      wasm::Promise promise);
   Handle<WasmApiFunctionRef> NewWasmApiFunctionRef(
       Handle<JSReceiver> callable, wasm::Suspend suspend,
       Handle<WasmInstanceObject> instance);
@@ -652,7 +653,8 @@ class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE Factory : public FactoryBase<Factory> {
   Handle<WasmJSFunctionData> NewWasmJSFunctionData(
       Address opt_call_target, Handle<JSReceiver> callable, int return_count,
       int parameter_count, Handle<PodArray<wasm::ValueType>> serialized_sig,
-      Handle<CodeT> wrapper_code, Handle<Map> rtt, wasm::Suspend suspend);
+      Handle<CodeT> wrapper_code, Handle<Map> rtt, wasm::Suspend suspend,
+      wasm::Promise promise);
   Handle<WasmResumeData> NewWasmResumeData(
       Handle<WasmSuspenderObject> suspender, wasm::OnResume on_resume);
   Handle<WasmStruct> NewWasmStruct(const wasm::StructType* type,
diff --git a/src/wasm/module-instantiate.cc b/src/wasm/module-instantiate.cc
index 07815909cd..e59d4292f0 100644
--- a/src/wasm/module-instantiate.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/module-instantiate.cc
@@ -743,8 +743,7 @@ MaybeHandle<WasmInstanceObject> InstanceBuilder::Build() {
     // function. Use CWasmEntry instead.
     start_function_ = WasmExportedFunction::New(
         isolate_, instance, start_index,
-        static_cast<int>(function.sig->parameter_count()), wrapper_code,
-        kNoSuspend);
+        static_cast<int>(function.sig->parameter_count()), wrapper_code);
 
     if (function.imported) {
       ImportedFunctionEntry entry(instance, module_->start_function_index);
diff --git a/src/wasm/wasm-js.cc b/src/wasm/wasm-js.cc
index bfffa8dce6..c91d3b5f25 100644
--- a/src/wasm/wasm-js.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/wasm-js.cc
@@ -244,16 +244,6 @@ i::wasm::ModuleWireBytes GetFirstArgumentAsBytes(
   return i::wasm::ModuleWireBytes(start, start + length);
 }
 
-i::MaybeHandle<i::JSFunction> GetFirstArgumentAsJSFunction(
-    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args, ErrorThrower* thrower) {
-  i::Handle<i::Object> arg0 = Utils::OpenHandle(*args[0]);
-  if (!arg0->IsJSFunction()) {
-    thrower->TypeError("Argument 0 must be a function");
-    return {};
-  }
-  return i::Handle<i::JSFunction>::cast(arg0);
-}
-
 namespace {
 i::MaybeHandle<i::JSReceiver> ImportsAsMaybeReceiver(Local<Value> ffi) {
   if (ffi->IsUndefined()) return {};
@@ -1889,6 +1879,76 @@ void WebAssemblyException(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
       Utils::ToLocal(i::Handle<i::Object>::cast(runtime_exception)));
 }
 
+namespace {
+bool HasJSPromiseIntegrationFlag(Isolate* isolate, Local<Object> usage_obj,
+                                 ErrorThrower* thrower, const char* flag_name) {
+  Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();
+  Local<String> flag_str = v8_str(isolate, flag_name);
+  Local<String> first_str = v8_str(isolate, "first");
+  Local<String> last_str = v8_str(isolate, "last");
+  Local<String> none_str = v8_str(isolate, "none");
+  v8::MaybeLocal<v8::Value> maybe_flag = usage_obj->Get(context, flag_str);
+  v8::Local<Value> flag_value;
+  v8::Local<String> flag_value_str;
+  if (maybe_flag.ToLocal(&flag_value) && !flag_value->IsUndefined() &&
+      flag_value->ToString(context).ToLocal(&flag_value_str)) {
+    if (!flag_value_str->StringEquals(first_str) &&
+        !flag_value_str->StringEquals(last_str) &&
+        !flag_value_str->StringEquals(none_str)) {
+      thrower->TypeError(
+          "JS Promise Integration: Expected suspender "
+          "position to be \"first\", \"last\" or \"none\"");
+      return false;
+    } else if (flag_value_str->StringEquals(last_str)) {
+      // TODO(thibaudm): Support the "last" position.
+      UNIMPLEMENTED();
+    } else if (flag_value_str->StringEquals(first_str)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Given {inner_sig}: [ti*] -> [to*]
+// {outer_sig} must be: [externref ti*] -> [to*]
+bool IsSuspendingSignature(const i::wasm::FunctionSig* inner_sig,
+                           const i::wasm::FunctionSig* outer_sig) {
+  if (inner_sig->parameter_count() + 1 != outer_sig->parameter_count()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (inner_sig->return_count() != outer_sig->return_count()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (outer_sig->GetParam(0) != i::wasm::kWasmExternRef) return false;
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < outer_sig->parameter_count(); ++i) {
+    if (outer_sig->GetParam(i) != inner_sig->GetParam(i - 1)) return false;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < outer_sig->return_count(); ++i) {
+    if (outer_sig->GetReturn(i) != inner_sig->GetReturn(i)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Given {inner_sig}: externref ti* -> to
+// {outer_sig} must be: ti* -> externref
+bool IsPromisingSignature(const i::wasm::FunctionSig* inner_sig,
+                          const i::wasm::FunctionSig* outer_sig) {
+  if (inner_sig->parameter_count() != outer_sig->parameter_count() + 1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (inner_sig->return_count() != 1 || outer_sig->return_count() != 1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (inner_sig->GetParam(0) != i::wasm::kWasmExternRef) return false;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < outer_sig->parameter_count(); ++i) {
+    if (outer_sig->GetParam(i) != inner_sig->GetParam(i + 1)) return false;
+  }
+  if (outer_sig->GetReturn(0) != i::wasm::kWasmExternRef) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // WebAssembly.Function
 void WebAssemblyFunction(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
   v8::Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
@@ -1983,7 +2043,35 @@ void WebAssemblyFunction(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
 
   i::Handle<i::JSReceiver> callable =
       Utils::OpenHandle(*args[1].As<Function>());
-  if (i::WasmExportedFunction::IsWasmExportedFunction(*callable)) {
+
+  i::wasm::Suspend suspend = i::wasm::kNoSuspend;
+  i::wasm::Promise promise = i::wasm::kNoPromise;
+  if (i::FLAG_experimental_wasm_stack_switching) {
+    // Optional third argument for JS Promise Integration.
+    if (!args[2]->IsNullOrUndefined() && !args[2]->IsObject()) {
+      thrower.TypeError(
+          "Expected argument 3 to be an object with a "
+          "'suspending' or 'promising' property");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (args[2]->IsObject()) {
+      Local<Object> usage_obj = Local<Object>::Cast(args[2]);
+      if (HasJSPromiseIntegrationFlag(isolate, usage_obj, &thrower,
+                                      "suspending")) {
+        suspend = i::wasm::kSuspend;
+      }
+      if (HasJSPromiseIntegrationFlag(isolate, usage_obj, &thrower,
+                                      "promising")) {
+        promise = i::wasm::kPromise;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool is_wasm_exported_function =
+      i::WasmExportedFunction::IsWasmExportedFunction(*callable);
+  bool is_wasm_js_function = i::WasmJSFunction::IsWasmJSFunction(*callable);
+
+  if (is_wasm_exported_function && !suspend && !promise) {
     if (*i::Handle<i::WasmExportedFunction>::cast(callable)->sig() == *sig) {
       args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(callable));
       return;
@@ -1995,7 +2083,7 @@ void WebAssemblyFunction(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (i::WasmJSFunction::IsWasmJSFunction(*callable)) {
+  if (is_wasm_js_function && !suspend && !promise) {
     if (i::Handle<i::WasmJSFunction>::cast(callable)->MatchesSignature(sig)) {
       args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(callable));
       return;
@@ -2007,8 +2095,49 @@ void WebAssemblyFunction(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (is_wasm_exported_function && suspend) {
+    // TODO(thibaudm): Support wasm-to-wasm calls with suspending behavior, and
+    // also with combined promising+suspending behavior.
+    UNIMPLEMENTED();
+  }
+  if (is_wasm_exported_function && promise) {
+    auto wasm_exported_function = i::WasmExportedFunction::cast(*callable);
+    i::SharedFunctionInfo sfi = wasm_exported_function.shared();
+    i::WasmExportedFunctionData data = sfi.wasm_exported_function_data();
+    if (!IsPromisingSignature(data.sig(), sig)) {
+      thrower.TypeError("Incompatible signature for promising function");
+      return;
+    }
+    i::Handle<i::WasmInstanceObject> instance(
+        i::WasmInstanceObject::cast(data.internal().ref()), i_isolate);
+    int func_index = data.function_index();
+    i::Handle<i::CodeT> wrapper =
+        BUILTIN_CODE(i_isolate, WasmReturnPromiseOnSuspend);
+    i::Handle<i::JSFunction> result = i::WasmExportedFunction::New(
+        i_isolate, instance, func_index,
+        static_cast<int>(data.sig()->parameter_count()), wrapper);
+    args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(result));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (is_wasm_js_function && promise) {
+    // TODO(thibaudm): This case has no practical use. The generated suspender
+    // would be unusable since the stack would always contain at least one JS
+    // frame. But for now the spec would require us to add specific JS-to-JS and
+    // wasm-to-JS wrappers to support this case. Leave this unimplemented for
+    // now.
+    UNIMPLEMENTED();
+  }
+  if (is_wasm_js_function && suspend) {
+    auto wasm_js_function = i::WasmJSFunction::cast(*callable);
+    const i::wasm::FunctionSig* inner_sig =
+        wasm_js_function.GetSignature(&zone);
+    if (!IsSuspendingSignature(inner_sig, sig)) {
+      thrower.TypeError("Incompatible signature for suspending function");
+      return;
+    }
+  }
   i::Handle<i::JSFunction> result =
-      i::WasmJSFunction::New(i_isolate, sig, callable, i::wasm::kNoSuspend);
+      i::WasmJSFunction::New(i_isolate, sig, callable, suspend);
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(result));
 }
 
@@ -2029,8 +2158,8 @@ void WebAssemblyFunctionType(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
     i::Handle<i::WasmExportedFunctionData> data =
         handle(sfi->wasm_exported_function_data(), i_isolate);
     sig = wasm_exported_function->sig();
-    if (data->suspend()) {
-      // If this export is suspendable, the first parameter of the original
+    if (i::WasmFunctionData::PromiseField::decode(data->js_promise_flags())) {
+      // If this export is "promising", the first parameter of the original
       // function is an externref (suspender) which does not appear in the
       // wrapper function's signature. The wrapper function also returns a
       // promise as an externref instead of the original return type.
@@ -2046,22 +2175,6 @@ void WebAssemblyFunctionType(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
     }
   } else if (i::WasmJSFunction::IsWasmJSFunction(*arg0)) {
     sig = i::Handle<i::WasmJSFunction>::cast(arg0)->GetSignature(&zone);
-    auto wasm_js_function = i::Handle<i::WasmJSFunction>::cast(arg0);
-    if (wasm_js_function->shared().wasm_js_function_data().suspend()) {
-      // If this function is the result of calling
-      // WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(), it takes an extra suspender
-      // parameter which will be consumed by the wasm-to-JS wrapper.
-      size_t param_count = sig->parameter_count();
-      i::wasm::FunctionSig::Builder builder(&zone, 1, param_count + 1);
-      builder.AddParam(internal::wasm::kWasmExternRef);
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < param_count; ++i) {
-        builder.AddParam(sig->GetParam(i));
-      }
-      DCHECK_EQ(1, sig->return_count());
-      DCHECK_EQ(i::wasm::kWasmExternRef, sig->GetReturn(0));
-      builder.AddReturn(i::wasm::kWasmExternRef);
-      sig = builder.Build();
-    }
   } else {
     thrower.TypeError("Argument 0 must be a WebAssembly.Function");
     return;
@@ -2744,88 +2857,6 @@ void WebAssemblyGlobalType(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(type));
 }
 
-// WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(WebAssembly.Function) ->
-// WebAssembly.Function
-void WebAssemblyReturnPromiseOnSuspend(
-    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
-  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
-  HandleScope scope(isolate);
-  i::Isolate* i_isolate = reinterpret_cast<i::Isolate*>(isolate);
-  ScheduledErrorThrower thrower(i_isolate,
-                                "WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend()");
-  if (args.Length() == 0) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Argument 0 is required");
-    return;
-  }
-  auto maybe_function = GetFirstArgumentAsJSFunction(args, &thrower);
-  if (thrower.error()) return;
-  i::Handle<i::JSFunction> function = maybe_function.ToHandleChecked();
-  i::SharedFunctionInfo sfi = function->shared();
-  if (!sfi.HasWasmExportedFunctionData()) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Argument 0 must be a wasm function");
-  }
-  i::WasmExportedFunctionData data = sfi.wasm_exported_function_data();
-  if (data.sig()->return_count() != 1) {
-    thrower.TypeError(
-        "Expected a WebAssembly.Function with exactly one return type");
-  }
-  if (data.sig()->parameter_count() == 0 ||
-      data.sig()->GetParam(0) != internal::wasm::kWasmExternRef) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Expected at least one parameter of type %s",
-                      i::wasm::kWasmExternRef.name().c_str());
-  }
-  if (thrower.error()) return;
-  int index = data.function_index();
-  i::Handle<i::WasmInstanceObject> instance(
-      i::WasmInstanceObject::cast(data.internal().ref()), i_isolate);
-  i::Handle<i::CodeT> wrapper =
-      BUILTIN_CODE(i_isolate, WasmReturnPromiseOnSuspend);
-  // Upcast to JSFunction to re-use the existing ToLocal helper below.
-  i::Handle<i::JSFunction> result =
-      i::Handle<i::WasmExternalFunction>::cast(i::WasmExportedFunction::New(
-          i_isolate, instance, index,
-          static_cast<int>(data.sig()->parameter_count()), wrapper,
-          internal::wasm::kSuspend));
-  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(result));
-}
-
-// WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(Function) -> Function
-void WebAssemblySuspendOnReturnedPromise(
-    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
-  v8::Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
-  i::Isolate* i_isolate = reinterpret_cast<i::Isolate*>(isolate);
-  HandleScope scope(isolate);
-  ScheduledErrorThrower thrower(i_isolate,
-                                "WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise()");
-  if (!args[0]->IsObject()) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Argument 0 must be a WebAssembly.Function");
-    return;
-  }
-  i::Zone zone(i_isolate->allocator(), ZONE_NAME);
-  const i::wasm::FunctionSig* sig;
-  i::Handle<i::Object> arg0 = Utils::OpenHandle(*args[0]);
-
-  if (i::WasmExportedFunction::IsWasmExportedFunction(*arg0)) {
-    // TODO(thibaudm): Suspend on wrapped wasm-to-wasm calls too.
-    UNIMPLEMENTED();
-  } else if (!i::WasmJSFunction::IsWasmJSFunction(*arg0)) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Argument 0 must be a WebAssembly.Function");
-    return;
-  }
-  sig = i::Handle<i::WasmJSFunction>::cast(arg0)->GetSignature(&zone);
-  if (sig->return_count() != 1 ||
-      sig->GetReturn(0) != i::wasm::kWasmExternRef) {
-    thrower.TypeError("Expected a WebAssembly.Function with return type %s",
-                      i::wasm::kWasmExternRef.name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  auto callable = handle(
-      i::Handle<i::WasmJSFunction>::cast(arg0)->GetCallable(), i_isolate);
-  i::Handle<i::JSFunction> result =
-      i::WasmJSFunction::New(i_isolate, sig, callable, i::wasm::kSuspend);
-  args.GetReturnValue().Set(Utils::ToLocal(result));
-}
 }  // namespace
 
 // TODO(titzer): we use the API to create the function template because the
@@ -3123,10 +3154,6 @@ void WasmJs::Install(Isolate* isolate, bool exposed_on_global_object) {
     SetupConstructor(isolate, suspender_constructor,
                      i::WASM_SUSPENDER_OBJECT_TYPE,
                      WasmSuspenderObject::kHeaderSize, "WebAssembly.Suspender");
-    InstallFunc(isolate, webassembly, "returnPromiseOnSuspend",
-                WebAssemblyReturnPromiseOnSuspend, 1);
-    InstallFunc(isolate, webassembly, "suspendOnReturnedPromise",
-                WebAssemblySuspendOnReturnedPromise, 1);
   }
 
   // Setup Function
diff --git a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.cc b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.cc
index 6f3f03498f..0b0a36e3c9 100644
--- a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.cc
@@ -1431,8 +1431,7 @@ WasmInstanceObject::GetOrCreateWasmInternalFunction(
   }
   auto external = Handle<WasmExternalFunction>::cast(WasmExportedFunction::New(
       isolate, instance, function_index,
-      static_cast<int>(function.sig->parameter_count()), wrapper,
-      wasm::kNoSuspend));
+      static_cast<int>(function.sig->parameter_count()), wrapper));
   result =
       WasmInternalFunction::FromExternal(external, isolate).ToHandleChecked();
 
@@ -1972,7 +1971,7 @@ int WasmExportedFunction::function_index() {
 
 Handle<WasmExportedFunction> WasmExportedFunction::New(
     Isolate* isolate, Handle<WasmInstanceObject> instance, int func_index,
-    int arity, Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper, wasm::Suspend suspend) {
+    int arity, Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper) {
   DCHECK(
       CodeKind::JS_TO_WASM_FUNCTION == export_wrapper->kind() ||
       (export_wrapper->is_builtin() &&
@@ -1998,11 +1997,15 @@ Handle<WasmExportedFunction> WasmExportedFunction::New(
   } else {
     rtt = factory->wasm_internal_function_map();
   }
+  wasm::Promise promise =
+      export_wrapper->builtin_id() == Builtin::kWasmReturnPromiseOnSuspend
+          ? wasm::kPromise
+          : wasm::kNoPromise;
   Handle<WasmExportedFunctionData> function_data =
       factory->NewWasmExportedFunctionData(
           export_wrapper, instance, call_target, ref, func_index,
           reinterpret_cast<Address>(sig), wasm::kGenericWrapperBudget, rtt,
-          suspend);
+          promise);
 
   MaybeHandle<String> maybe_name;
   bool is_asm_js_module = instance->module_object().is_asm_js();
@@ -2130,7 +2133,7 @@ Handle<WasmJSFunction> WasmJSFunction::New(Isolate* isolate,
   Handle<Map> rtt = factory->wasm_internal_function_map();
   Handle<WasmJSFunctionData> function_data = factory->NewWasmJSFunctionData(
       call_target, callable, return_count, parameter_count, serialized_sig,
-      wrapper_code, rtt, suspend);
+      wrapper_code, rtt, suspend, wasm::kNoPromise);
 
   if (wasm::WasmFeatures::FromIsolate(isolate).has_typed_funcref()) {
     using CK = compiler::WasmImportCallKind;
@@ -2197,28 +2200,6 @@ const wasm::FunctionSig* WasmJSFunction::GetSignature(Zone* zone) {
   return zone->New<wasm::FunctionSig>(return_count, parameter_count, types);
 }
 
-bool WasmJSFunction::MatchesSignatureForSuspend(const wasm::FunctionSig* sig) {
-  DCHECK_LE(sig->all().size(), kMaxInt);
-  int sig_size = static_cast<int>(sig->all().size());
-  int parameter_count = static_cast<int>(sig->parameter_count());
-  DisallowHeapAllocation no_alloc;
-  WasmJSFunctionData function_data = shared().wasm_js_function_data();
-  // The suspender parameter is not forwarded to the JS function so the
-  // parameter count should differ by one.
-  if (parameter_count != function_data.serialized_parameter_count() + 1) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (sig_size == 0) return true;  // Prevent undefined behavior.
-  // This function is only called for functions wrapped by
-  // WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise, so the return type has to be
-  // externref.
-  CHECK_EQ(function_data.serialized_return_count(), 1);
-  CHECK_EQ(function_data.serialized_signature().get(0), wasm::kWasmExternRef);
-  const wasm::ValueType* expected = sig->parameters().begin() + 1;
-  return function_data.serialized_signature().matches(1, expected,
-                                                      parameter_count - 1);
-}
-
 // TODO(9495): Update this if function type variance is introduced.
 bool WasmJSFunction::MatchesSignature(const wasm::FunctionSig* sig) {
   DCHECK_LE(sig->all().size(), kMaxInt);
diff --git a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.h b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.h
index 334d14b540..be04e10bda 100644
--- a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.h
+++ b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
+#include "src/base/bit-field.h"
 #if !V8_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY
 #error This header should only be included if WebAssembly is enabled.
 #endif  // !V8_ENABLE_WEBASSEMBLY
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ namespace wasm {
 // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/56560. See also
 // crbug.com/1344641.
 enum Suspend : uint8_t { kSuspend = 1, kNoSuspend = 0 };
+enum Promise : uint8_t { kPromise = 1, kNoPromise = 0 };
 enum class OnResume : int { kContinue, kThrow };
 }  // namespace wasm
 
@@ -610,7 +612,7 @@ class WasmExportedFunction : public JSFunction {
 
   V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE static Handle<WasmExportedFunction> New(
       Isolate* isolate, Handle<WasmInstanceObject> instance, int func_index,
-      int arity, Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper, wasm::Suspend suspend);
+      int arity, Handle<CodeT> export_wrapper);
 
   Address GetWasmCallTarget();
 
@@ -644,8 +646,6 @@ class WasmJSFunction : public JSFunction {
   // that lifetime of the signature is hence directly coupled to the zone.
   const wasm::FunctionSig* GetSignature(Zone* zone);
   bool MatchesSignature(const wasm::FunctionSig* sig);
-  // Special typing rule for imports wrapped by a Suspender.
-  bool MatchesSignatureForSuspend(const wasm::FunctionSig* sig);
 
   DECL_CAST(WasmJSFunction)
   OBJECT_CONSTRUCTORS(WasmJSFunction, JSFunction);
@@ -715,6 +715,9 @@ class WasmFunctionData
 
   using BodyDescriptor = FlexibleBodyDescriptor<kStartOfStrongFieldsOffset>;
 
+  using SuspendField = base::BitField<wasm::Suspend, 0, 1>;
+  using PromiseField = base::BitField<wasm::Promise, 1, 1>;
+
   TQ_OBJECT_CONSTRUCTORS(WasmFunctionData)
 };
 
diff --git a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.tq b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.tq
index 90c57e0b44..67ae65a0d8 100644
--- a/src/wasm/wasm-objects.tq
+++ b/src/wasm/wasm-objects.tq
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ extern class WasmFunctionData extends HeapObject {
   // Used for calling this function from JavaScript.
   @if(V8_EXTERNAL_CODE_SPACE) wrapper_code: CodeDataContainer;
   @ifnot(V8_EXTERNAL_CODE_SPACE) wrapper_code: Code;
+  // Encode the {promising} and {suspending} flags in a single smi.
+  js_promise_flags: Smi;
 }
 
 extern class WasmExportedFunctionData extends WasmFunctionData {
@@ -70,18 +72,12 @@ extern class WasmExportedFunctionData extends WasmFunctionData {
   @if(V8_EXTERNAL_CODE_SPACE) c_wrapper_code: CodeDataContainer;
   @ifnot(V8_EXTERNAL_CODE_SPACE) c_wrapper_code: Code;
   packed_args_size: Smi;
-  // Functions returned by suspender.returnPromiseOnSuspend() have this field
-  // set to the host suspender object.
-  suspend: Smi;  // Boolean.
 }
 
 extern class WasmJSFunctionData extends WasmFunctionData {
   serialized_return_count: Smi;
   serialized_parameter_count: Smi;
   serialized_signature: PodArrayOfWasmValueType;
-  // Whether this function is the result of wrapping another function with
-  // WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise.
-  suspend: Smi;
 }
 
 extern class WasmCapiFunctionData extends WasmFunctionData {
diff --git a/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching-export.js b/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching-export.js
index f0879c2c10..3fbe979ab6 100644
--- a/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching-export.js
+++ b/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching-export.js
@@ -12,6 +12,20 @@
 
 d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
 
+function ToPromising(wasm_export) {
+  let sig = WebAssembly.Function.type(wasm_export);
+  assertTrue(sig.parameters.length > 0);
+  assertEquals('externref', sig.parameters[0]);
+  assertEquals(1, sig.results.length);
+  let wrapper_sig = {
+    parameters: sig.parameters.slice(1),
+    results: ['externref']
+  };
+  return new WebAssembly.Function(
+      wrapper_sig, wasm_export, {promising: 'first'});
+
+}
+
 (function testGenericWrapper0Param() {
   print(arguments.callee.name);
   let builder = new WasmModuleBuilder();
@@ -30,7 +44,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main());
   assertEquals(20, x);
 })();
@@ -46,7 +60,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     .exportFunc();
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertTraps(kTrapUnreachable, main);
 })();
 
@@ -62,7 +76,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     .exportFunc();
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertTraps(kTrapUnreachable, main);
 })();
 
@@ -88,7 +102,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(5));
   assertEquals(17, x);
 })();
@@ -116,7 +130,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
 
   let y = { valueOf: () => { print("Hello!"); gc(); return 24; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(y));
   assertEquals(36, x);
 })();
@@ -149,7 +163,7 @@ d8.file.execute("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6; } };
   let param3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(9, param2, param3, 0));
   assertEquals(60, x);
   // Now we test if the evaluation order of the parameters is correct.
@@ -203,7 +217,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiiiiiii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   let param6 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 10; } };
   let param8 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 12; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(param1, 6, 7, param4, 9, param6, 11, param8));
   assertEquals(360, x);
 })();
@@ -236,7 +250,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiiiiiii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
 
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(5, param2));
   assertEquals(20, x);
 })();
@@ -270,7 +284,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiiiiiii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3; } };
   let param3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(5, param2, param3, 7, 200, 300, 400));
   assertEquals(33, x);
 })();
@@ -297,7 +311,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiiiiiii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(17, main(5));
 })();
 
@@ -324,7 +338,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiiiiiii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(2147483645, main(5));
 })();
 
@@ -357,7 +371,7 @@ let kSig_i_rlili = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI64, kWasmI
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6; } };
   let param3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3n; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(60, main(9n, param2, param3, 0));
 })();
 
@@ -391,7 +405,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiili = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasm
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6; } };
   let param3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(9, param2, param3, 0n, 2));
   assertEquals(72, x);
 })();
@@ -428,7 +442,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiilii = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   let param2 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6; } };
   let param3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 3; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(9, param2, param3, 0n, 2, 3));
   assertEquals(93, x);
 })();
@@ -471,7 +485,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   let param6 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 10; } };
   let param8 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 12; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(360, main(param1, 6, 7, param4, 9n, param6, 11, param8, 0n));
 })();
 
@@ -497,7 +511,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertThrows(() => { main(17) }, TypeError);
 })();
 
@@ -521,7 +535,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(10000000000n, main());
 })();
 
@@ -545,7 +559,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(0.5, main());
 })();
 
@@ -569,7 +583,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(0.25, main());
 })();
 
@@ -595,7 +609,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(12.5));
   assertEquals(25, x);
 })();
@@ -622,7 +636,7 @@ let kSig_r_rliilliiil = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI64, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(12.5));
   assertEquals(25, x);
 })();
@@ -664,7 +678,7 @@ let kSig_r_rffddddff = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmF32, kWasmF32, kWasmF64,
   let param6 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 6.5; } };
   let param8 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 8.5; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(param1, 2.5, 3.5, param4, 5.5, param6, 7.5,
         param8));
   assertEquals(234, x);
@@ -712,7 +726,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiliffddlfdff = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI6
   }
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(5, 6, 7n, 8, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 11n, 5.5, 6.5,
         7.5, 8.5));
   assertEquals(137, x);
@@ -763,7 +777,7 @@ let kSig_r_riiliiiffddli = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32, kWasmI64
   let param6 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 10; } };
   let param8 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 12; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(undefined, main(param1, 6, 7n, param4, 9, param6,
     1.5, 2.5, 3.6, 4.4, 11n, param8));
   assertEquals(360, x);
@@ -826,7 +840,7 @@ let kSig_f_riiliiiffddlifffdi = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
   let paramf3 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 5.5; } };
   let param9 = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 0; } };
   let instance = builder.instantiate({ mod: { func: import_func } });
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.main);
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   assertEquals(223, main(param1, 6, 7n, param4, 9, param6, 1.5, 2.5, paramd1,
         4.5, 11n, param8, paramf3, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, param9));
   assertEquals(360, x);
@@ -841,7 +855,7 @@ let kSig_f_riiliiiffddlifffdi = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
 
   instance = builder.instantiate();
   function js_caller() {
-    return WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.wasm_fn)();
+    return ToPromising(instance.exports.wasm_fn);
   }
   %PrepareFunctionForOptimization(js_caller);
   js_caller();
@@ -862,7 +876,7 @@ let kSig_f_riiliiiffddlifffdi = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
     .exportFunc();
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
-  let f1 = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.f1);
+  let f1 = ToPromising(instance.exports.f1);
   assertEquals(15, f1());
 })();
 
@@ -884,8 +898,8 @@ let kSig_f_riiliiiffddlifffdi = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
     %DeoptimizeFunction(caller);
   }
 
-  let main = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(
-      builder.instantiate({q: {func: deopt}}).exports.main);
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({q: {func: deopt}});
+  let main = ToPromising(instance.exports.main);
   function caller() {
     main(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
     main(1, 2, 3, 4);
@@ -915,7 +929,7 @@ let kSig_f_riiliiiffddlifffdi = makeSig([kWasmExternRef, kWasmI32, kWasmI32,
 
   let module = new WebAssembly.Module(builder.toBuffer());
   let instance = new WebAssembly.Instance(module);
-  let func0 = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.func0);
+  let func0 = ToPromising(instance.exports.func0);
   let res = func0(1, 2, "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
   assertEquals("8", res);
 })();
diff --git a/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching.js b/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching.js
index f72bf1d146..bc78b3c708 100644
--- a/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching.js
+++ b/test/mjsunit/wasm/stack-switching.js
@@ -15,6 +15,20 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
       /WebAssembly.Suspender must be invoked with 'new'/);
 })();
 
+function ToPromising(wasm_export) {
+  let sig = WebAssembly.Function.type(wasm_export);
+  assertTrue(sig.parameters.length > 0);
+  assertEquals('externref', sig.parameters[0]);
+  assertEquals(1, sig.results.length);
+  let wrapper_sig = {
+    parameters: sig.parameters.slice(1),
+    results: ['externref']
+  };
+  return new WebAssembly.Function(
+      wrapper_sig, wasm_export, {promising: 'first'});
+
+}
+
 (function TestSuspenderTypes() {
   print(arguments.callee.name);
   let builder = new WasmModuleBuilder();
@@ -36,34 +50,44 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   }
 
   // Wrap the import, instantiate the module, and wrap the export.
-  let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: ['i32'], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let import_wrapper = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
+  let import_wrapper = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref', 'i32'], results: []},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
   let instance = builder.instantiate({'m': {'import': import_wrapper}});
-  let export_wrapper =
-      WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.export);
+  let export_wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.export);
 
   // Check type errors.
-  wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']}, js_import);
-  assertThrows(() => WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import),
-      TypeError, /Expected a WebAssembly.Function with return type externref/);
-  assertThrows(() => WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.wrong1),
+  assertThrows(() => new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['externref']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'foo'}),
       TypeError,
-      /Expected a WebAssembly.Function with exactly one return type/);
-  assertThrows(() => WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.wrong2),
+      /JS Promise Integration: Expected suspender position to be "first", "last" or "none"/);
+  // Bad inner signature (promising)
+  for (const f of [instance.exports.wrong1, instance.exports.wrong2, instance.exports.wrong3]) {
+    assertThrows(() => new WebAssembly.Function(
+        {parameters: ['i32'], results: ['externref']},
+        f,
+        {promising: 'first'}),
+        TypeError,
+        /Incompatible signature for promising function/);
+  }
+  // Signature mismatch (suspending)
+  assertThrows(() => new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: []},
+      new WebAssembly.Function(
+          {parameters: [], results: ['i32']}, js_import),
+      {suspending: 'first'}),
       TypeError,
-      /Expected a WebAssembly.Function with exactly one return type/);
-  assertThrows(() => WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.wrong3),
+      /Incompatible signature for suspending function/);
+  // Signature mismatch (promising)
+  assertThrows(() => new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref', 'i32'], results: ['i32']},
+      instance.exports.export,
+      {promising: 'first'}),
       TypeError,
-      /Expected at least one parameter of type externref/);
-  // Signature mismatch (link error).
-  let wrong_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: ['externref', 'f32'], results: ['externref']}, () => {});
-  wrong_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wrong_import);
-  assertThrows(() => builder.instantiate({'m': {'import': wrong_import}}),
-      WebAssembly.LinkError,
-      /imported function does not match the expected type/);
+      /Incompatible signature for promising function/);
 
   // Check the wrapped export's signature.
   let export_sig = WebAssembly.Function.type(export_wrapper);
@@ -73,7 +97,7 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   // Check the wrapped import's signature.
   let import_sig = WebAssembly.Function.type(import_wrapper);
   assertEquals(['externref', 'i32'], import_sig.parameters);
-  assertEquals(['externref'], import_sig.results);
+  assertEquals([], import_sig.results);
 })();
 
 (function TestStackSwitchSuspenderType() {
@@ -83,7 +107,7 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
       .addBody([kExprI32Const, 0]).exportFunc();
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
   let suspender = new WebAssembly.Suspender();
-  let wrapper = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
 })();
 
 (function TestStackSwitchNoSuspend() {
@@ -96,7 +120,7 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
           kExprGlobalSet, 0,
           kExprI32Const, 0]).exportFunc();
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
-  let wrapper = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   wrapper();
   assertEquals(42, instance.exports.g.value);
 })();
@@ -110,34 +134,34 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
           kExprLocalGet, 0,
           kExprCallFunction, import_index, // suspend
       ]).exportFunc();
-  let js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-      () => Promise.resolve(42)));
+  let js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      () => Promise.resolve(42),
+      {suspending: 'first'});
   let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: js_import}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let combined_promise = wrapped_export();
-  combined_promise.then(v => assertEquals(42, v));
+  assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(42, v));
 
   // Also try with a JS function with a mismatching arity.
-  js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-      (unused) => Promise.resolve(42)));
+  js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      (unused) => Promise.resolve(42),
+      {suspending: 'first'});
   instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: js_import}});
-  wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   combined_promise = wrapped_export();
-  combined_promise.then(v => assertEquals(42, v));
+  assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(42, v));
 
   // Also try with a proxy.
-  js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-      new Proxy(() => Promise.resolve(42), {})));
+  js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      new Proxy(() => Promise.resolve(42), {}),
+      {suspending: "first"});
   instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: js_import}});
-  wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   combined_promise = wrapped_export();
-  combined_promise.then(v => assertEquals(42, v));
+  assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(42, v));
 })();
 
 // Check that we can suspend back out of a resumed computation.
@@ -175,14 +199,14 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     return Promise.resolve(++i);
   };
   let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import =
-      WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let chained_promise = wrapped_export();
   assertEquals(0, instance.exports.g.value);
-  chained_promise.then(_ => assertEquals(15, instance.exports.g.value));
+  assertPromiseResult(chained_promise, _ => assertEquals(15, instance.exports.g.value));
 })();
 
 // Call the GC in the import call.
@@ -196,12 +220,12 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
           kExprCallFunction, gc_index,
           kExprI32Const, 0
       ]).exportFunc();
-  let js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-          {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-          gc));
+  let js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+          {parameters: ['externref'], results: []},
+          gc,
+          {suspending: 'first'});
   let instance = builder.instantiate({'m': {'gc': js_import}});
-  let wrapper = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   wrapper();
 })();
 
@@ -217,14 +241,14 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
           kExprLocalGet, 1,
           kExprCallFunction, import_index,
       ]).exportFunc();
-  let js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-          {parameters: ['i32'], results: ['externref']},
-          (v) => { return Promise.resolve(v) }));
+  let js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+          {parameters: ['externref', 'i32'], results: ['i32']},
+          (v) => { return Promise.resolve(v) },
+          {suspending: 'first'});
   let instance = builder.instantiate({'m': {'import': js_import}});
-  let wrapper = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let arg = { valueOf: () => { gc(); return 24; } };
-  wrapper(arg).then((v) => assertEquals(arg.valueOf(), v));
+  assertPromiseResult(wrapper(arg), v => assertEquals(arg.valueOf(), v));
 })();
 
 // Check that the suspender does not suspend if the import's
@@ -244,10 +268,12 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   function js_import() {
     return 42
   };
-  let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function({parameters: [], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let result = wrapped_export();
   assertEquals(42, instance.exports.g.value);
 })();
@@ -276,17 +302,17 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     return Promise.resolve(reduce(Array.from(arguments)));
   };
   let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: ['i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'f32', 'f32',
-        'f32', 'f32', 'f32', 'f32', 'f32'], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import =
-      WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
+      {parameters: ['externref', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'i32', 'f32',
+        'f32', 'f32', 'f32', 'f32', 'f32', 'f32'], results: ['i32']},
+        js_import,
+        {suspending: 'first'});
 
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let args = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13];
   let combined_promise =
       wrapped_export.apply(null, args);
-  combined_promise.then(v => assertEquals(reduce(args), v));
+  assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(reduce(args), v));
 })();
 
 (function TestStackSwitchReturnFloat() {
@@ -303,14 +329,14 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     return Promise.resolve(0.5);
   };
   let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import =
-      WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['f32']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
 
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let combined_promise = wrapped_export();
-  combined_promise.then(v => assertEquals(0.5, v));
+  assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(0.5, v));
 })();
 
 // Throw an exception after the initial prompt.
@@ -321,7 +347,7 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
   builder.addFunction("throw", kSig_i_r)
       .addBody([kExprThrow, tag]).exportFunc();
   let instance = builder.instantiate();
-  let wrapper = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.throw);
+  let wrapper = ToPromising(instance.exports.throw);
   try {
     wrapper();
     assertUnreachable();
@@ -348,12 +374,12 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     return Promise.resolve(42);
   };
   let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import =
-      WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
 
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import, tag: tag}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import, tag: tag}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let combined_promise = wrapped_export();
   assertThrowsAsync(combined_promise, WebAssembly.Exception);
 })();
@@ -376,12 +402,12 @@ load("test/mjsunit/wasm/wasm-module-builder.js");
     return Promise.reject(new WebAssembly.Exception(tag, [42]));
   };
   let wasm_js_import = new WebAssembly.Function(
-      {parameters: [], results: ['externref']}, js_import);
-  let suspending_wasm_js_import =
-      WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(wasm_js_import);
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      js_import,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
 
-  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: suspending_wasm_js_import, tag: tag}});
-  let wrapped_export = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.test);
+  let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {import: wasm_js_import, tag: tag}});
+  let wrapped_export = ToPromising(instance.exports.test);
   let combined_promise = wrapped_export();
   assertPromiseResult(combined_promise, v => assertEquals(v, 42));
 })();
@@ -410,20 +436,20 @@ function TestNestedSuspenders(suspend) {
           kExprCallFunction, inner_index
       ]).exportFunc();
 
-  let inner = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-          {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-          () => suspend ? Promise.resolve(42) : 42));
+  let inner = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      () => suspend ? Promise.resolve(42) : 42,
+      {suspending: 'first'});
 
   let export_inner;
-  let outer = WebAssembly.suspendOnReturnedPromise(
-      new WebAssembly.Function(
-          {parameters: [], results: ['externref']},
-          () => export_inner()));
+  let outer = new WebAssembly.Function(
+      {parameters: ['externref'], results: ['i32']},
+      () => export_inner(),
+      {suspending: 'first'});
 
   let instance = builder.instantiate({m: {inner, outer}});
-  export_inner = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.inner);
-  let export_outer = WebAssembly.returnPromiseOnSuspend(instance.exports.outer);
+  export_inner = ToPromising(instance.exports.inner);
+  let export_outer = ToPromising(instance.exports.outer);
   if (suspend) {
     assertPromiseResult(export_outer(), v => assertEquals(42, v));
   } else {