wxWidgets/interface/app.h

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name:        app.h
// Purpose:     interface of wxApp
// Author:      wxWidgets team
// RCS-ID:      $Id$
// Licence:     wxWindows license
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
    @class wxApp
    @wxheader{app.h}

    The wxApp class represents the application itself. It is used to:

    @li set and get application-wide properties;
    @li implement the windowing system message or event loop;
    @li initiate application processing via wxApp::OnInit;
    @li allow default processing of events not handled by other
        objects in the application.

    You should use the macro IMPLEMENT_APP(appClass) in your application
    implementation file to tell wxWidgets how to create an instance of your
    application class.

    Use DECLARE_APP(appClass) in a header file if you want the wxGetApp function
    (which returns a reference to your application object) to be visible to other
    files.

    @library{wxbase}
    @category{appmanagement}

    @see @ref overview_app
*/
class wxApp : public wxEvtHandler
{
public:
    /**
        Constructor. Called implicitly with a definition of a wxApp object.
    */
    wxApp();

    /**
        Destructor. Will be called implicitly on program exit if the wxApp
        object is created on the stack.
    */
    ~wxApp();

    /**
        Creates a wxLog class for the application to use for logging errors.
        The default implementation returns a new wxLogGui class.
        
        @see wxLog
    */
    virtual wxLog* CreateLogTarget();

    /**
        Creates the wxAppTraits object when GetTraits() needs it for the first time.
        
        @see wxAppTraits
    */
    virtual wxAppTraits* CreateTraits();

    /**
        Dispatches the next event in the windowing system event queue.
        This can be used for programming event loops, e.g.

        @code
        while (app.Pending())
            Dispatch();
        @endcode
        
        @see Pending()
    */
    virtual void Dispatch();

    /**
        Call this to explicitly exit the main message (event) loop.
        You should normally exit the main loop (and the application) by deleting
        the top window.
    */
    virtual void ExitMainLoop();

    /**
        This function is called before processing any event and allows the application
        to preempt the processing of some events.

        If this method returns -1 the event is processed normally, otherwise either
        @true or @false should be returned and the event processing stops immediately
        considering that the event had been already processed (for the former return
        value) or that it is not going to be processed at all (for the latter one).
    */
    int FilterEvent(wxEvent& event);

    /**
        Returns the user-readable application name. 
    
        The difference between this string and the one returned by GetAppName() is that
        this one is meant to be shown to the user and so should be used for the window
        titles, page headers and so on while the other one should be only used internally,
        e.g. for the file names or configuration file keys.
        By default, returns the same string as GetAppName().
        
        @wxsince{2.9.0}
    */
    wxString GetAppDisplayName() const;

    /**
        Returns the application name.
        
        @remarks wxWidgets sets this to a reasonable default before calling
                 OnInit(), but the application can reset it at will.
        
        @see GetAppDisplayName()
    */
    wxString GetAppName() const;

    /**
        Gets the class name of the application. The class name may be used in a
        platform specific manner to refer to the application.
        
        @see SetClassName()
    */
    wxString GetClassName() const;

    /**
        Returns @true if the application will exit when the top-level window is
        deleted, @false otherwise.
        
        @see SetExitOnFrameDelete(), @ref overview_app_shutdown
    */
    bool GetExitOnFrameDelete() const;

    /**
        Returns the one and only global application object.
        Usually ::wxTheApp is usead instead.
        
        @see SetInstance()
    */
    static wxAppConsole* GetInstance();

    /**
        Returns a pointer to the top window.
        
        @remarks If the top window hasn't been set using SetTopWindow(),
                 this function will find the first top-level window
                 (frame or dialog) and return that.
        
        @see SetTopWindow()
    */
    virtual wxWindow* GetTopWindow() const;

    /**
        Returns a pointer to the wxAppTraits object for the application.
        If you want to customize the wxAppTraits object, you must override the
        CreateTraits() function.
    */
    wxAppTraits* GetTraits();

    /**
        Returns @true if the application will use the best visual on systems that support
        different visuals, @false otherwise.
        
        @see SetUseBestVisual()
    */
    bool GetUseBestVisual() const;

    /**
        Returns the user-readable vendor name. The difference between this string
        and the one returned by GetVendorName() is that this one is meant to be shown
        to the user and so should be used for the window titles, page headers and so on
        while the other one should be only used internally, e.g. for the file names or
        configuration file keys.

        By default, returns the same string as GetVendorName().
        
        @wxsince{2.9.0}
    */
    wxString GetVendorDisplayName() const;

    /**
        Returns the application's vendor name.
    */
    wxString GetVendorName() const;

    /**
        This function simply invokes the given method @a func of the specified
        event handler @a handler with the @a event as parameter. It exists solely
        to allow to catch the C++ exceptions which could be thrown by all event
        handlers in the application in one place: if you want to do this, override
        this function in your wxApp-derived class and add try/catch clause(s) to it.
    */
    virtual void HandleEvent(wxEvtHandler handler,
                             wxEventFunction func,
                             wxEvent& event) const;

    /**
        Returns @true if the application is active, i.e. if one of its windows is
        currently in the foreground.
        
        If this function returns @false and you need to attract users attention to
        the application, you may use wxTopLevelWindow::RequestUserAttention to do it.
    */
    bool IsActive() const;

    /**
        Returns @true if the main event loop is currently running, i.e. if the
        application is inside OnRun().

        This can be useful to test whether events can be dispatched. For example,
        if this function returns @false, non-blocking sockets cannot be used because
        the events from them would never be processed.
    */
    static bool IsMainLoopRunning();

    /**
        Mac specific. Called in response of an "open-application" Apple event.
        Override this to create a new document in your app.
    */
    void MacNewFile();

    /**
        Mac specific. Called in response of an "open-document" Apple event.

        You need to override this method in order to open a document file after the
        user double clicked on it or if the document file was dropped on either the
        running application or the application icon in Finder.
    */
    void MacOpenFile(const wxString& fileName);

    /**
        Mac specific. Called in response of a "get-url" Apple event.
    */
    void MacOpenURL(const wxString& url);

    /**
        Mac specific. Called in response of a "print-document" Apple event.
    */
    void MacPrintFile(const wxString& fileName);

    /**
        Mac specific. Called in response of a "reopen-application" Apple event.
    */
    void MacReopenApp();

    /**
        Called by wxWidgets on creation of the application. Override this if you wish
        to provide your own (environment-dependent) main loop.
        
        @returns Returns 0 under X, and the wParam of the WM_QUIT message under
                 Windows.
    */
    virtual int MainLoop();

    /**
        This function is called when an assert failure occurs, i.e. the condition
        specified in wxASSERT() macro evaluated to @false.

        It is only called in debug mode (when @c __WXDEBUG__ is defined) as
        asserts are not left in the release code at all.
        The base class version shows the default assert failure dialog box proposing to
        the user to stop the program, continue or ignore all subsequent asserts.
        
        @param file
            the name of the source file where the assert occurred
        @param line
            the line number in this file where the assert occurred
        @param func
            the name of the function where the assert occurred, may be
            empty if the compiler doesn't support C99 __FUNCTION__
        @param cond
            the condition of the failed assert in text form
        @param msg
            the message specified as argument to wxASSERT_MSG or wxFAIL_MSG, will
            be @NULL if just wxASSERT or wxFAIL was used
    */
    void OnAssertFailure(const wxChar file, int line,
                         const wxChar func,
                         const wxChar cond,
                         const wxChar msg);

    /**
        Called when command line parsing fails (i.e. an incorrect command line option
        was specified by the user). The default behaviour is to show the program usage
        text and abort the program.

        Return @true to continue normal execution or @false to return
        @false from OnInit() thus terminating the program.
        
        @see OnInitCmdLine()
    */
    bool OnCmdLineError(wxCmdLineParser& parser);

    /**
        Called when the help option (@c --help) was specified on the command line.
        The default behaviour is to show the program usage text and abort the program.

        Return @true to continue normal execution or @false to return
        @false from OnInit() thus terminating the program.
        
        @see OnInitCmdLine()
    */
    bool OnCmdLineHelp(wxCmdLineParser& parser);

    /**
        Called after the command line had been successfully parsed. You may override
        this method to test for the values of the various parameters which could be
        set from the command line.

        Don't forget to call the base class version unless you want to suppress
        processing of the standard command line options.
        Return @true to continue normal execution or @false to return @false from
        OnInit() thus terminating the program.
        
        @see OnInitCmdLine()
    */
    bool OnCmdLineParsed(wxCmdLineParser& parser);

    /**
        This function is called if an unhandled exception occurs inside the main
        application event loop. It can return @true to ignore the exception and to
        continue running the loop or @false to exit the loop and terminate the
        program. In the latter case it can also use C++ @c throw keyword to
        rethrow the current exception.

        The default behaviour of this function is the latter in all ports except under
        Windows where a dialog is shown to the user which allows him to choose between
        the different options. You may override this function in your class to do
        something more appropriate.

        Finally note that if the exception is rethrown from here, it can be caught in
        OnUnhandledException().
    */
    virtual bool OnExceptionInMainLoop();

    /**
        Override this member function for any processing which needs to be
        done as the application is about to exit. OnExit is called after
        destroying all application windows and controls, but before
        wxWidgets cleanup. Note that it is not called at all if
        OnInit() failed.

        The return value of this function is currently ignored, return the same
        value as returned by the base class method if you override it.
    */
    virtual int OnExit();

    /**
        This function may be called if something fatal happens: an unhandled
        exception under Win32 or a a fatal signal under Unix, for example. However,
        this will not happen by default: you have to explicitly call
        wxHandleFatalExceptions() to enable this.

        Generally speaking, this function should only show a message to the user and
        return. You may attempt to save unsaved data but this is not guaranteed to
        work and, in fact, probably won't.
        
        @see wxHandleFatalExceptions()
    */
    void OnFatalException();

    /**
        This must be provided by the application, and will usually create the
        application's main window, optionally calling SetTopWindow().

        You may use OnExit() to clean up anything initialized here, provided
        that the function returns @true.

        Notice that if you want to to use the command line processing provided by
        wxWidgets you have to call the base class version in the derived class
        OnInit().

        Return @true to continue processing, @false to exit the application
        immediately.
    */
    bool OnInit();

    /**
        Called from OnInit() and may be used to initialize the parser with the
        command line options for this application. The base class versions adds
        support for a few standard options only.
    */
    void OnInitCmdLine(wxCmdLineParser& parser);

    /**
        This virtual function is where the execution of a program written in wxWidgets
        starts. The default implementation just enters the main loop and starts
        handling the events until it terminates, either because ExitMainLoop() has
        been explicitly called or because the last frame has been deleted and
        GetExitOnFrameDelete() flag is @true (this is the default).

        The return value of this function becomes the exit code of the program, so it
        should return 0 in case of successful termination.
    */
    virtual int OnRun();

    /**
        This function is called when an unhandled C++ exception occurs inside
        OnRun() (the exceptions which occur during the program startup and shutdown
        might not be caught at all). Notice that by now the main event loop has been
        terminated and the program will exit, if you want to prevent this from happening
        (i.e. continue running after catching an exception) you need to override
        OnExceptionInMainLoop().

        The default implementation shows information about the exception in debug build
        but does nothing in the release build.
    */
    virtual void OnUnhandledException();

    /**
        Returns @true if unprocessed events are in the window system event queue.
        
        @see Dispatch()
    */
    virtual bool Pending();

    /**
        Windows-only function for processing a message. This function is called
        from the main message loop, checking for windows that may wish to process it.

        The function returns @true if the message was processed, @false otherwise.
        If you use wxWidgets with another class library with its own message loop,
        you should make sure that this function is called to allow wxWidgets to
        receive messages. For example, to allow co-existence with the Microsoft 
        Foundation Classes, override the PreTranslateMessage function:
        
        @code
        // Provide wxWidgets message loop compatibility
        BOOL CTheApp::PreTranslateMessage(MSG *msg)
        {
            if (wxTheApp && wxTheApp->ProcessMessage((WXMSW *)msg))
                return true;
            else
                return CWinApp::PreTranslateMessage(msg);
        }
        @endcode
    */
    bool ProcessMessage(WXMSG* msg);

    /**
        Sends idle events to a window and its children.
        Please note that this function is internal to wxWidgets and shouldn't be used
        by user code.
        
        @remarks These functions poll the top-level windows, and their children,
                 for idle event processing. If @true is returned, more OnIdle
                 processing is requested by one or more window.
        
        @see wxIdleEvent
    */
    bool SendIdleEvents(wxWindow* win, wxIdleEvent& event);

    /**
        Set the application name to be used in the user-visible places such as window
        titles. See GetAppDisplayName() for more about the differences between the
        display name and name.
    */
    void SetAppDisplayName(const wxString& name);

    /**
        Sets the name of the application. This name should be used for file names,
        configuration file entries and other internal strings. For the user-visible
        strings, such as the window titles, the application display name set by
        SetAppDisplayName() is used instead.

        By default the application name is set to the name of its executable file.
        
        @see GetAppName()
    */
    void SetAppName(const wxString& name);

    /**
        Sets the class name of the application. This may be used in a platform specific
        manner to refer to the application.
        
        @see GetClassName()
    */
    void SetClassName(const wxString& name);

    /**
        Allows the programmer to specify whether the application will exit when the
        top-level frame is deleted.
        
        @param flag
            If @true (the default), the application will exit when the top-level frame
            is deleted. If @false, the application will continue to run.
        
        @see GetExitOnFrameDelete(), @ref overview_app_shutdown
    */
    void SetExitOnFrameDelete(bool flag);

    /**
        Allows external code to modify global ::wxTheApp, but you should really
        know what you're doing if you call it.
        
        @param app
            Replacement for the global application object.
        
        @see GetInstance()
    */
    static void SetInstance(wxAppConsole* app);

    /**
        Allows runtime switching of the UI environment theme.

        Currently implemented for wxGTK2-only.
        Return @true if theme was successfully changed.
        
        @param theme
            The name of the new theme or an absolute path to a gtkrc-theme-file
    */
    bool SetNativeTheme(const wxString& theme);

    /**
        Sets the 'top' window. You can call this from within OnInit() to let wxWidgets
        know which is the main window. You don't have to set the top window;
        it is only a convenience so that (for example) certain dialogs without parents
        can use a specific window as the top window. If no top window is specified by the
        application, wxWidgets just uses the first frame or dialog in its top-level window
        list, when it needs to use the top window.
        
        @param window
            The new top window.
        
        @see GetTopWindow(), OnInit()
    */
    void SetTopWindow(wxWindow* window);

    /**
        Allows the programmer to specify whether the application will use the best
        visual on systems that support several visual on the same display. This is typically
        the case under Solaris and IRIX, where the default visual is only 8-bit whereas
        certain applications are supposed to run in TrueColour mode.

        Note that this function has to be called in the constructor of the wxApp
        instance and won't have any effect when called later on.
        This function currently only has effect under GTK.
        
        @param flag
            If @true, the app will use the best visual.
        @param forceTrueColour
            If @true then the application will try to force using a TrueColour
            visual and abort the app if none is found.
    */
    void SetUseBestVisual(bool flag, bool forceTrueColour = false);

    /**
        Set the vendor name to be used in the user-visible places.
        See GetVendorDisplayName() for more about the differences between the
        display name and name.
    */
    void SetVendorDisplayName(const wxString& name);

    /**
        Sets the name of application's vendor. The name will be used
        in registry access. A default name is set by wxWidgets.
        
        @see GetVendorName()
    */
    void SetVendorName(const wxString& name);

    /**
        Yields control to pending messages in the windowing system.

        This can be useful, for example, when a time-consuming process writes to a
        text window. Without an occasional yield, the text window will not be updated
        properly, and on systems with cooperative multitasking, such as Windows 3.1
        other processes will not respond.

        Caution should be exercised, however, since yielding may allow the
        user to perform actions which are not compatible with the current task.
        Disabling menu items or whole menus during processing can avoid unwanted
        reentrance of code: see ::wxSafeYield for a better function.

        Note that Yield() will not flush the message logs. This is intentional as
        calling Yield() is usually done to quickly update the screen and popping up
        a message box dialog may be undesirable. If you do wish to flush the log
        messages immediately (otherwise it will be done during the next idle loop
        iteration), call wxLog::FlushActive.

        Calling Yield() recursively is normally an error and an assert failure is
        raised in debug build if such situation is detected. However if the
        @a onlyIfNeeded parameter is @true, the method will just silently
        return @false instead.
    */
    bool Yield(bool onlyIfNeeded = false);

    /**
        Number of command line arguments (after environment-specific processing).
    */
    int argc;

    /**
        Command line arguments (after environment-specific processing).

        Under Windows and Linux/Unix, you should parse the command line
        arguments and check for files to be opened when starting your
        application. Under OS X, you need to override MacOpenFile()
        since command line arguments are used differently there.

        You may use the wxCmdLineParser to parse command line arguments.
    */
    wxChar** argv;
};



// ============================================================================
// Global functions/macros
// ============================================================================

/**
    The global pointer to the singleton wxApp object.

    @see wxApp::GetInstance()
*/
wxApp *wxTheApp;



/** @ingroup group_funcmacro_rtti */
//@{

/**
    This is used in headers to create a forward declaration of the wxGetApp()
    function implemented by IMPLEMENT_APP().

    It creates the declaration @a className wxGetApp(void).

    @header{wx/app.h}

    Example:

    @code
    DECLARE_APP(MyApp)
    @endcode
*/
#define DECLARE_APP( className )

/**
    This is used in the application class implementation file to make the
    application class known to wxWidgets for dynamic construction.

    @header{wx/app.h}

    Example:

    @code
    IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
    @endcode

    @see DECLARE_APP().
*/
#define IMPLEMENT_APP( className )

//@}



/** @ingroup group_funcmacro_appinitterm */
//@{

/**
    This function doesn't exist in wxWidgets but it is created by using
    the IMPLEMENT_APP() macro.

    Thus, before using it anywhere but in the same module where this macro is
    used, you must make it available using DECLARE_APP().

    The advantage of using this function compared to directly using the global
    wxTheApp pointer is that the latter is of type wxApp* and so wouldn't
    allow you to access the functions specific to your application class but not
    present in wxApp while wxGetApp() returns the object of the right type.
*/
wxAppDerivedClass wxGetApp();

/**
    If @a doIt is @true, the fatal exceptions (also known as general protection
    faults under Windows or segmentation violations in the Unix world) will be
    caught and passed to wxApp::OnFatalException.

    By default, i.e. before this function is called, they will be handled in the
    normal way which usually just means that the application will be terminated.
    Calling wxHandleFatalExceptions() with @a doIt equal to @false will restore
    this default behaviour.

    Notice that this function is only available if @c wxUSE_ON_FATAL_EXCEPTION is 1
    and under Windows platform this requires a compiler with support for SEH
    (structured exception handling) which currently means only Microsoft Visual C++
    or a recent Borland C++ version.
*/
bool wxHandleFatalExceptions(bool doIt = true);


/**
    This function is used in wxBase only and only if you don't create
    wxApp object at all. In this case you must call it from your
    @c main() function before calling any other wxWidgets functions.

    If the function returns @false the initialization could not be performed,
    in this case the library cannot be used and wxUninitialize() shouldn't be
    called neither.

    This function may be called several times but wxUninitialize() must be
    called for each successful call to this function.
*/
bool wxInitialize();

/**
    This function is for use in console (wxBase) programs only. It must be called
    once for each previous successful call to wxInitialize().
*/
void wxUninitialize();

/**
    Calls wxApp::Yield.

    @deprecated
    This function is kept only for backwards compatibility. Please use
    the wxApp::Yield method instead in any new code.
*/
bool wxYield();

/**
    This function is similar to wxYield, except that it disables the user input to
    all program windows before calling wxYield and re-enables it again
    afterwards. If @a win is not @NULL, this window will remain enabled,
    allowing the implementation of some limited user interaction.
    Returns the result of the call to ::wxYield.
*/
bool wxSafeYield(wxWindow* win = NULL, bool onlyIfNeeded = false);

/**
    This function initializes wxWidgets in a platform-dependent way. Use this if you
    are not using the default wxWidgets entry code (e.g. main or WinMain).

    For example, you can initialize wxWidgets from an Microsoft Foundation Classes
    (MFC) application using this function.

    @note This overload of wxEntry is available under all platforms.

    @see wxEntryStart()
*/
int wxEntry(int& argc, wxChar** argv);

/**
    See wxEntry(int&,wxChar**) for more info about this function.

    Notice that under Windows CE platform, and only there, the type of @a pCmdLine
    is @c wchar_t *, otherwise it is @c char *, even in Unicode build.

    @remarks To clean up wxWidgets, call wxApp::OnExit followed by the static
             function wxApp::CleanUp. For example, if exiting from an MFC application
             that also uses wxWidgets:
             @code
             int CTheApp::ExitInstance()
             {
                // OnExit isn't called by CleanUp so must be called explicitly.
                wxTheApp->OnExit();
                wxApp::CleanUp();
            
                return CWinApp::ExitInstance();
             }
             @endcode

*/
int wxEntry(HINSTANCE hInstance,
            HINSTANCE hPrevInstance = NULL,
            char* pCmdLine = NULL,
            int nCmdShow = SW_SHOWNORMAL);

//@}



/** @ingroup group_funcmacro_procctrl */
//@{

/**
    Exits application after calling wxApp::OnExit.

    Should only be used in an emergency: normally the top-level frame
    should be deleted (after deleting all other frames) to terminate the
    application. See wxCloseEvent and wxApp.
*/
void wxExit();

//@}