ca54ea374b
git-svn-id: https://svn.wxwidgets.org/svn/wx/wxWidgets/trunk@58809 c3d73ce0-8a6f-49c7-b76d-6d57e0e08775
379 lines
23 KiB
HTML
379 lines
23 KiB
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<META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20080829;16130000">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Julian Smart">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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<META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Robert Roebling">
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@page { margin: 2cm }
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P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm }
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H2 { margin-bottom: 0.21cm }
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H2.western { font-family: "Albany AMT", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic }
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H2.cjk { font-family: "Albany AMT"; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic }
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</HEAD>
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<BODY LANG="de-DE" DIR="LTR">
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<H2 CLASS="western">The Wonderful World of wxWidgets 3.0</H2>
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<H3 CLASS="western">What is wxWidgets?</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Although it is quite unlikely that you'll read this
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document if you don't know what wxWidgets is, let's just briefly
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mention that wxWidgets is a C++ framework for building rich GUI
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applications from a single source which can then be compiled on
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different operating systems, resulting in a native application on
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each system. wxWidgets uses native controls (or widgets) and other
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native functions whereever possible so that the resulting
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applications will look and feel as native as possible, and they are
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usually not distinguishable from applications written using single
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platform toolkits such as MFC for Windows, GTK+ for Linux or Cocoa
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under OS X. In some areas (such as graphics art or the installer),
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adaptations to the individual platforms have to be made in order to
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achieve perfect integration with that platform.</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The major operating system for which wxWidgets
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supports are Windows (Windows 95, NT, 2000, XP, Vista) including its
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mobile variants (Windows CE, PocketPC, Windows Mobile), Linux and
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Unix using the GTK+ 2 toolkit (minimum version is GTK+ 2.4, more
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recent features are used when available) and Mac OS X (minimum
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version 10.4 Tiger, both Intel, PPC and the Universal Binaries for
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both are supported). wxWidgets includes many code pieces for
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optimising dialog and general layout for small screens such as those
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of the recent netbooks and mobile phones and tablets.</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>There is varying support for other platforms or
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toolkits such as OS/2, Motif, GTK 1.2, PalmOS and various mobile
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Linux variants using GTK+ or the Hildon framework and also a version
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for OS X using the Cocoa API and even the iPhone SDK.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">Documentation in Doxygen</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Until wxWidgets 3.0 all
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documentation was written in a customized LaTeX variant created for
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the project years ago. Although there were tools which could parse
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classes automatically and create a documentation skeleton, class
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documentation was troublesome to update and therefore often outdated.
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In order to improve this situation, the entire documentation
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including references and overviews was converted to a customized
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Doxygen format inlined in a special set of headers. Although many
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classes were converted in a single automated step, every class
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documentation had to be corrected by hand making this effort one of
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the biggest in the development cycle leading up wxWidgets 3.0.
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Additionally, tools were written to automatically compare the
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signature of the many class methods to the documentation. The result
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is more correct documentation with better formating and built-in
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searching and screenshots of many controls. Since Doxygen is a
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wide-spread format and easy to learn, the new documentation is much
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easier to edit, correct and read. See the <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/index.html">wxWidgets
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on-line documentation</A> to which this document refers to in many
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places.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">C++ features and template support</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">The wxWidgets project
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tries to both move with new developments of the C++ language as well
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as to support older compilers to an extent which does not inhibit
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further development and indeed the usefulness of the entire project.
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Since support for templates used to be limited to a few compilers and
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was often buggy even in them, wxWidgets initially stayed away from
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using templates entirely including the use of the Standard Template
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Library (STL). In the meantime nearly all compilers have gained solid
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template support and therefore wxWidgets is now using templates for
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container classes (such as <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_vector_3_01_t_01_4.html">wxVector<T></A>),
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smart pointers (such as <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_shared_ptr_3_01_t_01_4.html">wxSharedPtr<T></A>),
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weak references (see <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_weak_ref_3_01_t_01_4.html">wxWeakRef<T></A>)
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and many other places where templates are useful. This means that
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very old compilers won't be able to compile wxWidgets anymore or only
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in a degraded way (such as Visual C++ 6.0).</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">Platform features and backwards compatibility</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">In the same way wxWidgets
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tries to both make use of new features of the different operating
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systems and support older systems for as long as possible and as long
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as supporting them does not hinder development for up-to-date
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systems. This is especially true for OS X and GTK+ 2 and it was
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therefore decided that OS X versions older than 10.4 Tiger and GTK+ 2
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version older than 2.4 are no longer supported. The wxWidgets team
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also realized that it could not do everything and that support for a
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cross-platform database API was beyond the scope and focus of the
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project so that its old wxODBC database connectivity classes were
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removed from the project. There are many cross-platform database
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libraries available and many of them are better than the old wxODBC
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and all of them are better maintained.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">Unicode: A Single Build for Everyone</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Until version 3.0 there
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have always been two different versions (or builds) of wxWidgets: one
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with full support for Unicode where each character was represented by
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a wchar_t internally (using two bytes under Windows and four bytes
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almost everywhere else) and another called the „ANSI“ build where
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each character was represented by a single byte. This model was
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chosen following the original Windows API model and at a point of
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time when Unicode support was hardly present anywhere else. In the
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meantime, the Windows world together with projects such as Java have
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chosen UTF-16 as the native representation for Unicode strings
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whereas much of the free software world including GTK+ and parts of
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Mac OS X have chosen UTF-8. It was therefore decided to drastically
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change the implementation of wxWidgets' string class and make it use
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UTF-16 under Windows (mostly as before) but UTF-8 elsewhere (instead
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of wide character strings using wchar_t) so that strings received
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from and sent to Unix and GTK+ library calls would no longer have to
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be converted back and forth between different Unicode representations
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(see <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_string.html">wxString</A>
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and <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/overview_unicode.html">Unicode
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overview</A>). Additionally, the „ANSI“ mode was removed and the
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wxString class as well as some other classes were modified to accept
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and return both Unicode and 8-bit string literals if required. The
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same was done to functions like wxPrintf() etc. Although this change
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will eventually not be seen by the end user of an application written
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using wxWidgets, it is such a fundamental change that it was the
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primary reason to give wxWidgets the new major version number 3.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">New 2D Drawing Code</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Although a 2D drawing API
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has always been part of wxWidgets (using so-called device contexts
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such as a window or a bitmap and pens and brushes to draw into them,
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see <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_d_c.html">wxDC</A>,
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_pen.html">wxPen</A>,
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_brush.html">wxBrush</A>),
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it has not changed much since its initial inception and so the code
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was completely reorganized using a single set of frontend classes and
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different backends which will make maintainance much easier without
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having to care for binary backwards compatibility and it also helped
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isolate a number of subtle platform differences. The old drawing API
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is good enough for many tasks and reflects the drawing capabilites of
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the 1990's but it didn't make use of advanced features such as
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transparency, anti-aliasing and free matrix transforms of modern 2D
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graphics systems such as GDI+ on Windows, Cairo on Linux (and
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elsewhere) and CoreGraphics on OS X. Therefore a completely new
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drawing API (the so called graphics contexts, see <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_graphics_context.html">wxGraphicsContext</A>)
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was added to wxWidgets making use of modern drawing engines. This is
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complemented by a bitmap class with alpha channel support and fast
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raw access to the bitmap's internal data representation. Additionally
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the API of all existing GDI class constants was corrected so that
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wxMODERN becomes wxFONTFAMILY_MODERN, wxSOLID becomes
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wxBRUSHSTYLE_SOLID etc. and the reference counting system was
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streamlined and made identical on all platforms.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">Changes to wxBase</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxBase is the name of the non-GUI part of wxWidgets
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libary which provides basic class such as the aforementioned wxString
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class, container classes, as well as classes for threading,
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networking, XML parsing, path and configuration management, logging,
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debugging etc. These functions and classes have been separated into
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their own library both for being able to write non-GUI apps as well
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as to make maintainance easier through reduced interdependence.
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Many of the changes to wxString and the container
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classes are located in wxBase, but on top of that support to wxBase
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was added for events loops, timers and sockets for writing
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event-based client or server apps with wxWidgets 3.0. The socket code
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itself has been reorganized removing a lot of duplicated code and
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dropping the previous implementation which was separated into a C and
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a C++ part.</P>
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<H3 CLASS="western">New controls and other major GUI additions for
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all ports</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>This document cannot list every bug fix and minor
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change. Rather, this paragraph summarizes the most relevant changes
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to the GUI classes of wxWidgets. Given wxWidgets' nature as a GUI
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library, these changes are also most likely to be visible to the user
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and may thus be the most important changes from a user's perspective
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(although not necessarily from a developer's perspective):
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</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxDataViewCtrl and wxDataViewTreeCtrl: this
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control can partially replace both wxListCtrl and wxTreeCtrl (for
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which there only was a native version of Windows and partially for
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OS X) but also extends and combines the classes by being able to
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display a hierarchy and list at the same time and by offering a much
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more flexible way to display and edit data on a per column basis.
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Reimplementing wxTreeCtrl and possibly wxListCtrl in terms of
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wxDataViewCtrl was considered, but this was dropped as certain
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special features are not available on all platforms (or
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differently). See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_data_view_ctrl.html">wxDataViewCtrl</A>,
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_data_view_list_ctrl.html">wxDataViewListCtrl</A>
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and <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_data_view_tree_ctrl.html">wxDataViewTreeCtrl</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The tabular view of wxGrid has been improved
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including a native header control, which has been separated into a
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new control. See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_grid.html">wxGrid</A>
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and <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_header_ctrl.html">wxHeaderCtrl.</A></P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added wxPropertyGrid which is a big generic
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control used to display lists and hierarchies of name-value pairs.
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Like wxDataViewCtrl, it offers a number of ready-to-use editors for
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editing text, numbers, lists, fonts, file names etc. using in-place
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editing or using pop-up dialog and combo boxes. Developement of
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wxPropertyGrid has so far taken place outside of wxWidgets as a
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separate project, but it has not been included in wxWidgets per se.
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See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_property_grid.html">wxPropertyGrid</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxHyperlinkCtrl added, implemented natively
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under GTK+ and in a generic way on other platforms. It can be used
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to represent a hypertext link, for example to the homepage of the
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developer or company. See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_hyperlink_ctrl.html">wxHyperlinkCtrl</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxFileCtrl for constructing fully customized
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file dialogs. Complementary to this, the possibility to add custom
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control to wxFileDialog has been added. See <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_file_ctrl.html">wxFileCtrl</A>
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and <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_file_dialog.html">wxFileDialog</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Several enhancements to wxRichTextCtrl
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including support for super- and subscript and many speed-ups. See
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_rich_text_ctrl.html">wxRichTextCtrl</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The possibility to display state icons has been
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added to wxTreeCtrl. This can also be used to implement check-box
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like behaviour. See <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_tree_ctrl.html">wxTreeCtrl</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxCalendarCtrl has been rewritten using native
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code under MSW and GTK+ and enhanced in many ways (for example
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displaying week numbers). See <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_calendar_ctrl.html">wxCalendarCtrl</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Implemented support for auto-completion for
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wxTextCtrl and wxComboBox.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added wxAUIToolBar to the set of wxAUI classes,
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which is better integrated and more flexible than the standard
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wxToolBar.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Reimplemented wxBitmapComboBox using native
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code under MSW and GTK+. See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_bitmap_combo_box.html">wxBitmapComboBox</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added wxBitmapToggleButton on all platforms.
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See also <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_bitmap_toggle_button.html">wxBitmapToggleButton</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added support for ellipsization on all
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platforms and for mark-up formatting under GTK+ to wxStaticText. See
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_static_text.html">wxStaticText</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Rewritten the selection event emission logic of
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wxListBox on all platforms to more exactly match each other when
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selecting and deselecting certain items.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Implemented wxCollapsiblePane natively for GTK
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and OS X. See <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_collapsible_pane.html">wxCollapsiblePane</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added a new sizer which can wrap across
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multiple lines. See <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_wrap_sizer.html">wxWrapSizer</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added multi-sample and anti-aliasing support
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the the OpenGL canvas and separated wxGLCanvas and wxGLContext. See
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<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_g_l_canvas.html">wxGLCanvas</A>.</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Added wxNativeContainerWindow in order to
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construct a wxTopLevelWindow from a native window handle (MSW and
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GTK+).</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_v_scrolled_window.html">wxVScrolledWindow</A>
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class has been completely rewritten to accommodate the addition of
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the new horizontal scrolling variants (<A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_h_scrolled_window.html">wxHScrolledWindow</A>
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and <A HREF="http://docs.wxwidgets.org/trunk/classwx_h_v_scrolled_window.html">wxHVScrolledWindow</A>)
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while still providing complete backwards compatibility for
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wxVScrolledWindow.</P>
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</UL>
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<H3 CLASS="western">wxMac specific changes (now called wxOSX)</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>One important change of the wxMac port is that the
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port is not called wxMac anymore. Instead, the more appropriate term
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wxOSX should be used as the operating system is called OS X nowadays
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and – more importantly – wxWidgets now has partial support for
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iPhone and iPod, and these are devices are clearly not Macs. Apart
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from the name change – wxMac has undergone the most fundamental
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changes of the three main ports, even if some of the changes were
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mostly reorganizing code instead of writing new code. The code has
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been reorganized into common code (common to Carbon, Cocoa and Cocoa
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Touch) including both general wrapping or front-end classes for much
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of the GUI code as well as a wrapper for the so called CoreFoundation
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classes of OS X, which are responsible on all OS X variants for
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string manipulation, font support, graphics and other basic
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functionality (CoreImage and CoreVideo have recently been added by
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Apple) and toolkit dependent code for the Carbon, Cocoa and Cocoa
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Touch API. The Carbon variant is the core of what used to be wxMac
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and is the most stable and mature version. The reason behind adding
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optional support for Cocoa and Cocoa Touch is that Carbon is not
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available on iPhones at all and that it has been deprecated for all
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64-bit versions of OS X, which is likely to be the default a few
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years from now. So while present applications using wxOSX are advised
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to use the Carbon backend due its maturity, future developement will
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have to focus on the Cocoa backend.</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>As part of the restructuring, all remaining drawing
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code using the old QuickDraw API has been removed (it was only an
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option before) and drawing now always takes place using CoreGraphics.
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Likewise, all code using Carbon functions no longer present in OS X
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10.4 has been removed to clean-up the code greatly. This is turn
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means, as mentioned above, that applications will require a minimum
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of OS X 10.4 in order to run, better yet OS X 10.5.</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Apart from these large changes, these additional
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features can be noted:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Better support for IconRef</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>A fix for duplicate menu entries in non-English
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locales</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Accelerators allowed to be used for buttons</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>wxLocale::GetInfo() implemented using CFLocale</P>
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</UL>
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<H3 CLASS="western">wxGTK specific changes</H3>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">The task of the GTK+ port
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of wxWidgets is to keep up with the development of the GTK+ library
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since it has the habit of adding new controls or new APIs if the
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existing code is too limited and cannot be fixed in a backward
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compatible way. The main problem of this approach is that
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applications written using wxGTK should work with relatively old
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versions of GTK+ but should also make use of recent features. In some
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cases, supporting an old version of GTK+ hinders development so we
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decided to declare GTK+ 2.4 the minimum toolkit version that is
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supported. As an example, this made it possible to always use the
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GTK+ file dialog instead of the old generic file dialog which had to
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be used when GTK+ didn't have a usable file dialog.
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Other parts of wxGTK that
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were rewritten or which underwent a major update include, but are not
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limited to:</P>
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<UL>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">wxToolbar now uses
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the „new“ GTK+ toolbar API</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">wxChoice now uses
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GtkComboBox instead of the deprecated GtkOptionMenu</P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">wxComboBox now
|
||
always uses GtkComboBox instead of the deprecated GtkCombo class</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">URL dragging using
|
||
the „text/x-moz-url“ in wxURLDataObject</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Added a completely
|
||
new printing backend using with dialogs GtkPrint and Cairo</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Rewritten idle event
|
||
generation code</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Tab traversal is now
|
||
done natively by GTK+ instead of by wxWidgets</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Rewrote layout of
|
||
wxFrame's menubar, toolbar, client window and statusbar using a
|
||
GtkVBox instead of our own calculation</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Correctly
|
||
implemented SetSize() and GetSize() for toplevel windows in spite of
|
||
the dreaded problems with window decorations belonging to the Window
|
||
Manager and not the window itself</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Added an
|
||
asynchronous API to wxClipboard to avoid having to call wxYield()
|
||
from within it (which causes reentrance problems).</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Some support for
|
||
Hildon control from the Maemo platform used for Nokia tablets</P>
|
||
<LI><P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Rewritten the
|
||
wxTaskBarIconIcon class using GtkStatusIcon if available.</P>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<H3 CLASS="western">wxMSW specific changes</H3>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">wxMSW is the most mature platform,
|
||
mostly because it is used most often and thus has the biggest user,
|
||
tester and developer base, but also because the underlying Windows
|
||
system has been more successful at preserving backwards
|
||
compatibility. Therefore, the list of wxMSW-specific changes is
|
||
smaller and the changes usually minor details when compared to the
|
||
changes of the other two main ports:</P>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Implemented more native looking
|
||
wxCheckListBox and add ability to store client data in it</P>
|
||
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Allow longer tooltips</P>
|
||
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Support for multiline labels in
|
||
wxCheckBox and wxToggleButton</P>
|
||
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">More precise print preview</P>
|
||
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">Show resize gripper in resizable
|
||
dialogs</P>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
</BODY>
|
||
</HTML> |