//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// DirectXTexWIC.cpp
//  
// DirectX Texture Library - WIC-based file reader/writer
//
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//
// http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248926
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "directxtexp.h"

using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// IStream support for WIC Memory routines
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP) && (WINAPI_FAMILY != WINAPI_FAMILY_PHONE_APP)

    #include <shcore.h>
    #pragma comment(lib,"shcore.lib")

#ifdef __cplusplus_winrt

    static inline HRESULT CreateMemoryStream( _Outptr_ IStream** stream )
    {
        auto randomAccessStream = ref new ::Windows::Storage::Streams::InMemoryRandomAccessStream();
        return CreateStreamOverRandomAccessStream( randomAccessStream, IID_PPV_ARGS( stream ) );
    }

#else

    #include <wrl\client.h>
    #include <wrl\wrappers\corewrappers.h>
    #include <windows.storage.streams.h>

    static inline HRESULT CreateMemoryStream( _Outptr_ IStream** stream )
    {
        Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ABI::Windows::Storage::Streams::IRandomAccessStream> abiStream;
        HRESULT hr = Windows::Foundation::ActivateInstance(
            Microsoft::WRL::Wrappers::HStringReference( RuntimeClass_Windows_Storage_Streams_InMemoryRandomAccessStream ).Get(),
            abiStream.GetAddressOf() );

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = CreateStreamOverRandomAccessStream( abiStream.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS( stream ) );
        }
        return hr;
    }

#endif // __cplusplus_winrt

#else

    #pragma prefast(suppress:28196, "a simple wrapper around an existing annotated function" );
    static inline HRESULT CreateMemoryStream( _Outptr_ IStream** stream )
    {
        return CreateStreamOnHGlobal( 0, TRUE, stream );
    }

#endif


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// WIC Pixel Format nearest conversion table
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct WICConvert
{
    GUID        source;
    GUID        target;
};

static WICConvert g_WICConvert[] = 
{
    // Directly support the formats listed in XnaTexUtil::g_WICFormats, so no conversion required
    // Note target GUID in this conversion table must be one of those directly supported formats.

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat1bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppGray,              GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppGray,              GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGR555,           GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGRA5551 }, // DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGR101010,        GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102 }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppBGR,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPRGBA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGR,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRA,             GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPRGBA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPBGRA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGRFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRAFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBHalf,          GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBHalf,          GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppPRGBAFloat,      GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFloat,        GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFixedPoint,  GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBE,             GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT 

    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppCMYK,             GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM 
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppCMYK,             GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat40bppCMYKAlpha,        GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat80bppCMYKAlpha,        GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM

#if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8) || defined(_WIN7_PLATFORM_UPDATE)
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM
    { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPRGBAHalf,        GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT 
#endif

    // We don't support n-channel formats
};

namespace DirectX
{

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the DXGI format and optionally the WIC pixel GUID to convert to
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static DXGI_FORMAT _DetermineFormat( _In_ const WICPixelFormatGUID& pixelFormat, _In_ DWORD flags, _In_ bool iswic2,
                                     _Out_opt_ WICPixelFormatGUID* pConvert )
{
    if ( pConvert )
        memset( pConvert, 0, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );

    DXGI_FORMAT format = _WICToDXGI( pixelFormat );

    if ( format == DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN )
    {
        if ( memcmp( &GUID_WICPixelFormat96bppRGBFixedPoint, &pixelFormat, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) == 0 )
        {
#if (_WIN32_WINNT >= _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8) || defined(_WIN7_PLATFORM_UPDATE)
            if ( iswic2 )
            {
                if ( pConvert )
                    memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat96bppRGBFloat, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
                format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
            }
            else
#else
            UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(iswic2);
#endif
            {
                if ( pConvert )
                    memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
                format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for( size_t i=0; i < _countof(g_WICConvert); ++i )
            {
                if ( memcmp( &g_WICConvert[i].source, &pixelFormat, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) == 0 )
                {
                    if ( pConvert )
                        memcpy( pConvert, &g_WICConvert[i].target, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );

                    format = _WICToDXGI( g_WICConvert[i].target );
                    assert( format != DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN );
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Handle special cases based on flags
    switch (format)
    {
    case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:    // BGRA
    case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:    // BGRX
        if ( flags & WIC_FLAGS_FORCE_RGB )
        {
            format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
            if ( pConvert )
                memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
        }
        break;

    case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10_XR_BIAS_A2_UNORM:
        if ( flags & WIC_FLAGS_NO_X2_BIAS )
        {
            format = DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM;
            if ( pConvert )
                memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
        }
        break;

    case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM:
    case DXGI_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
        if ( flags & WIC_FLAGS_NO_16BPP ) 
        {
            format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
            if ( pConvert )
                memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
        }
        break;

    case DXGI_FORMAT_R1_UNORM:
        if ( !(flags & WIC_FLAGS_ALLOW_MONO ) )
        {
            // By default we want to promote a black & white to gresycale since R1 is not a generally supported D3D format
            format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM;
            if ( pConvert )
                memcpy( pConvert, &GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) );
        }
    }

    return format;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Determines metadata for image
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _DecodeMetadata( _In_ DWORD flags, _In_ bool iswic2,
                                _In_ IWICBitmapDecoder *decoder, _In_ IWICBitmapFrameDecode *frame,
                                _Out_ TexMetadata& metadata, _Out_opt_ WICPixelFormatGUID* pConvert )
{
    if ( !decoder || !frame )
        return E_POINTER;

    memset( &metadata, 0, sizeof(TexMetadata) );
    metadata.depth = 1;
    metadata.mipLevels = 1;
    metadata.dimension = TEX_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;

    UINT w, h;
    HRESULT hr = frame->GetSize( &w, &h );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    metadata.width = w;
    metadata.height = h;

    if ( flags & WIC_FLAGS_ALL_FRAMES )
    {
        UINT fcount;
        hr = decoder->GetFrameCount( &fcount );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        metadata.arraySize = fcount;
    }
    else
        metadata.arraySize = 1;

    WICPixelFormatGUID pixelFormat;
    hr = frame->GetPixelFormat( &pixelFormat );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    metadata.format = _DetermineFormat( pixelFormat, flags, iswic2, pConvert );
    if ( metadata.format == DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED );

    if ( !( flags & WIC_FLAGS_IGNORE_SRGB ) )
    {
        GUID containerFormat;
        hr = decoder->GetContainerFormat( &containerFormat );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        ComPtr<IWICMetadataQueryReader> metareader;
        hr = frame->GetMetadataQueryReader( metareader.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) )
        {
            // Check for sRGB colorspace metadata
            bool sRGB = false;

            PROPVARIANT value;
            PropVariantInit( &value );

            if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatPng, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
            {
                // Check for sRGB chunk
                if ( SUCCEEDED( metareader->GetMetadataByName( L"/sRGB/RenderingIntent", &value ) ) && value.vt == VT_UI1 )
                {
                    sRGB = true;
                }
            }
#if defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)
            else if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatJpeg, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
            {
                if ( SUCCEEDED( metareader->GetMetadataByName( L"/app1/ifd/exif/{ushort=40961}", &value ) ) && value.vt == VT_UI2 && value.uiVal == 1 )
                {
                    sRGB = true;
                }
            }
            else if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatTiff, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
            {
                if ( SUCCEEDED( metareader->GetMetadataByName( L"/ifd/exif/{ushort=40961}", &value ) ) && value.vt == VT_UI2 && value.uiVal == 1 )
                {
                    sRGB = true;
                }
            }
#else
            else if ( SUCCEEDED( metareader->GetMetadataByName( L"System.Image.ColorSpace", &value ) ) && value.vt == VT_UI2 && value.uiVal == 1 )
            {
                sRGB = true;
            }
#endif

            PropVariantClear( &value );

            if ( sRGB )
                metadata.format = MakeSRGB( metadata.format );
        }
        else if ( hr == WINCODEC_ERR_UNSUPPORTEDOPERATION )
        {
            // Some formats just don't support metadata (BMP, ICO, etc.), so ignore this failure
            hr = S_OK;
        }
    }

    return hr;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Decodes a single frame
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _DecodeSingleFrame( _In_ DWORD flags, _In_ const TexMetadata& metadata, _In_ const WICPixelFormatGUID& convertGUID,
                                   _In_ IWICBitmapFrameDecode *frame, _Inout_ ScratchImage& image )
{
    if ( !frame )
        return E_POINTER;

    HRESULT hr = image.Initialize2D( metadata.format, metadata.width, metadata.height, 1, 1 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    const Image *img = image.GetImage( 0, 0, 0 );
    if ( !img )
        return E_POINTER;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    if ( memcmp( &convertGUID, &GUID_NULL, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
    {
        hr = frame->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );  
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;
    }
    else
    {
        ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
        hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter( FC.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        WICPixelFormatGUID pixelFormat;
        hr = frame->GetPixelFormat( &pixelFormat );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
        hr = FC->CanConvert( pixelFormat, convertGUID, &canConvert );
        if ( FAILED(hr) || !canConvert )
        {
            return E_UNEXPECTED;
        }

        hr = FC->Initialize( frame, convertGUID, _GetWICDither( flags ), 0, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeCustom );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        hr = FC->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );  
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;
    }

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Decodes an image array, resizing/format converting as needed
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _DecodeMultiframe( _In_ DWORD flags, _In_ const TexMetadata& metadata,
                                  _In_ IWICBitmapDecoder *decoder, _Inout_ ScratchImage& image )
{
    if ( !decoder )
        return E_POINTER;

    HRESULT hr = image.Initialize2D( metadata.format, metadata.width, metadata.height, metadata.arraySize, 1 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    WICPixelFormatGUID sourceGUID;
    if ( !_DXGIToWIC( metadata.format, sourceGUID ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    for( size_t index = 0; index < metadata.arraySize; ++index )
    {
        const Image* img = image.GetImage( 0, index, 0 );
        if ( !img )
            return E_POINTER;

        ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
        hr = decoder->GetFrame( static_cast<UINT>( index ), frame.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        WICPixelFormatGUID pfGuid;
        hr = frame->GetPixelFormat( &pfGuid );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        UINT w, h;
        hr = frame->GetSize( &w, &h );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        if ( w == metadata.width && h == metadata.height )
        {
            // This frame does not need resized
            if ( memcmp( &pfGuid, &sourceGUID, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) == 0 )
            {
                hr = frame->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );  
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;
            }
            else
            {
                ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
                hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter( FC.GetAddressOf() );
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;

                BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
                hr = FC->CanConvert( pfGuid, sourceGUID, &canConvert );
                if ( FAILED(hr) || !canConvert )
                {
                    return E_UNEXPECTED;
                }

                hr = FC->Initialize( frame.Get(), sourceGUID, _GetWICDither( flags ), 0, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeCustom );
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;
            
                hr = FC->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );  
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // This frame needs resizing
            ComPtr<IWICBitmapScaler> scaler;
            hr = pWIC->CreateBitmapScaler( scaler.GetAddressOf() );
            if ( FAILED(hr) )
                return hr;

            hr = scaler->Initialize( frame.Get(), static_cast<UINT>( metadata.width ), static_cast<UINT>( metadata.height ), _GetWICInterp( flags ) );
            if ( FAILED(hr) )
                return hr;

            WICPixelFormatGUID pfScaler;
            hr = scaler->GetPixelFormat( &pfScaler );
            if ( FAILED(hr) )
                return hr;

            if ( memcmp( &pfScaler, &sourceGUID, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) == 0 )
            {
                hr = scaler->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;
            }
            else
            {
                // The WIC bitmap scaler is free to return a different pixel format than the source image, so here we
                // convert it to our desired format
                ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
                hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter( FC.GetAddressOf() );
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;

                BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
                hr = FC->CanConvert( pfScaler, sourceGUID, &canConvert );
                if ( FAILED(hr) || !canConvert )
                {
                    return E_UNEXPECTED;
                }

                hr = FC->Initialize( scaler.Get(), sourceGUID, _GetWICDither( flags ), 0, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeCustom );
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;

                hr = FC->CopyPixels( 0, static_cast<UINT>( img->rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( img->slicePitch ), img->pixels );  
                if ( FAILED(hr) )
                    return hr;
            }
        }
    }

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Encodes image metadata
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _EncodeMetadata( _In_ IWICBitmapFrameEncode* frame, _In_ const GUID& containerFormat, _In_ DXGI_FORMAT format )
{
    if ( !frame )
        return E_POINTER;

    ComPtr<IWICMetadataQueryWriter> metawriter;
    HRESULT hr = frame->GetMetadataQueryWriter( metawriter.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( SUCCEEDED( hr ) )
    {
        PROPVARIANT value;
        PropVariantInit( &value );

        bool sRGB = IsSRGB( format );

        value.vt = VT_LPSTR;
        value.pszVal = "DirectXTex";

        if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatPng, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
        {
            // Set Software name
            (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/tEXt/{str=Software}", &value );

            // Set sRGB chunk
            if ( sRGB )
            {
                value.vt = VT_UI1;
                value.bVal = 0;
                (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/sRGB/RenderingIntent", &value );
            }
        }
#if defined(_XBOX_ONE) && defined(_TITLE)
        else if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatJpeg, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
        {
            // Set Software name
            (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/app1/ifd/{ushort=305}", &value );

            if ( sRGB )
            {
                // Set EXIF Colorspace of sRGB
                value.vt = VT_UI2;
                value.uiVal = 1;
                (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/app1/ifd/exif/{ushort=40961}", &value );
            }
        }
        else if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatTiff, sizeof(GUID) ) == 0 )
        {
            // Set Software name
            (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/ifd/{ushort=305}", &value );

            if ( sRGB )
            {
                // Set EXIF Colorspace of sRGB
                value.vt = VT_UI2;
                value.uiVal = 1;
                (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"/ifd/exif/{ushort=40961}", &value );
            }
        }
#else
        else
        {
            // Set Software name
            (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"System.ApplicationName", &value );

            if ( sRGB )
            {
                // Set EXIF Colorspace of sRGB
                value.vt = VT_UI2;
                value.uiVal = 1;
                (void)metawriter->SetMetadataByName( L"System.Image.ColorSpace", &value );
            }
        }
#endif
    }
    else if ( hr == WINCODEC_ERR_UNSUPPORTEDOPERATION )
    {
        // Some formats just don't support metadata (BMP, ICO, etc.), so ignore this failure
        hr = S_OK;
    }

    return hr;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Encodes a single frame
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _EncodeImage( _In_ const Image& image, _In_ DWORD flags, _In_ REFGUID containerFormat,
                             _In_ IWICBitmapFrameEncode* frame, _In_opt_ IPropertyBag2* props, _In_opt_ const GUID* targetFormat )
{
    if ( !frame )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    if ( !image.pixels )
        return E_POINTER;

    WICPixelFormatGUID pfGuid;
    if ( !_DXGIToWIC( image.format, pfGuid ) )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED );

    HRESULT hr = frame->Initialize( props );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

#ifdef _M_X64
    if ( (image.width > 0xFFFFFFFF) || (image.height > 0xFFFFFFFF) )
        return E_INVALIDARG;
#endif

    hr = frame->SetSize( static_cast<UINT>( image.width ), static_cast<UINT>( image.height ) );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = frame->SetResolution( 72, 72 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    WICPixelFormatGUID targetGuid = (targetFormat) ? (*targetFormat) : pfGuid;
    hr = frame->SetPixelFormat( &targetGuid );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( targetFormat && memcmp( targetFormat, &targetGuid, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) != 0 )
    {
        // Requested output pixel format is not supported by the WIC codec
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    hr = _EncodeMetadata( frame, containerFormat, image.format );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( memcmp( &targetGuid, &pfGuid, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) != 0 )
    {
        // Conversion required to write
        bool iswic2 = false;
        IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
        if ( !pWIC )
            return E_NOINTERFACE;

        ComPtr<IWICBitmap> source;
        hr = pWIC->CreateBitmapFromMemory( static_cast<UINT>( image.width ), static_cast<UINT>( image.height ), pfGuid,
                                           static_cast<UINT>( image.rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( image.slicePitch ),
                                           image.pixels, source.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
        hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter( FC.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
        hr = FC->CanConvert( pfGuid, targetGuid, &canConvert );
        if ( FAILED(hr) || !canConvert )
        {
            return E_UNEXPECTED;
        }

        hr = FC->Initialize( source.Get(), targetGuid, _GetWICDither( flags ), 0, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeCustom );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        WICRect rect = { 0, 0, static_cast<INT>( image.width ), static_cast<INT>( image.height ) };
        hr = frame->WriteSource( FC.Get(), &rect );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;
    }
    else
    {
        // No conversion required
        hr = frame->WritePixels( static_cast<UINT>( image.height ), static_cast<UINT>( image.rowPitch ), static_cast<UINT>( image.slicePitch ),
                                 reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>( image.pixels ) );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;
    }

    hr = frame->Commit();
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}

static HRESULT _EncodeSingleFrame( _In_ const Image& image, _In_ DWORD flags,
                                   _In_ REFGUID containerFormat, _Inout_ IStream* stream,
                                   _In_opt_ const GUID* targetFormat, _In_opt_ std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !stream )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    // Initialize WIC
    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapEncoder> encoder;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateEncoder( containerFormat, 0, encoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = encoder->Initialize( stream, WICBitmapEncoderNoCache );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameEncode> frame;
    ComPtr<IPropertyBag2> props;
    hr = encoder->CreateNewFrame( frame.GetAddressOf(), props.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( memcmp( &containerFormat, &GUID_ContainerFormatBmp, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID) ) == 0 && iswic2 )
    {
        // Opt-in to the WIC2 support for writing 32-bit Windows BMP files with an alpha channel
        PROPBAG2 option = { 0 };
        option.pstrName = L"EnableV5Header32bppBGRA";

        VARIANT varValue;    
        varValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
        varValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;      
        (void)props->Write( 1, &option, &varValue ); 
    }

    if ( setCustomProps )
    {
        setCustomProps( props.Get() );
    }

    hr = _EncodeImage( image, flags, containerFormat, frame.Get(), props.Get(), targetFormat );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = encoder->Commit();
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Encodes an image array
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static HRESULT _EncodeMultiframe( _In_reads_(nimages) const Image* images, _In_ size_t nimages, _In_ DWORD flags,
                                  _In_ REFGUID containerFormat, _Inout_ IStream* stream,
                                  _In_opt_ const GUID* targetFormat, _In_opt_ std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !stream || nimages < 2 )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    if ( !images )
        return E_POINTER;

    // Initialize WIC
    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapEncoder> encoder;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateEncoder( containerFormat, 0, encoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapEncoderInfo> einfo;
    hr = encoder->GetEncoderInfo( einfo.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    BOOL mframe = FALSE;
    hr = einfo->DoesSupportMultiframe( &mframe );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( !mframe )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED );

    hr = encoder->Initialize( stream, WICBitmapEncoderNoCache );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    for( size_t index=0; index < nimages; ++index )
    {
        ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameEncode> frame;
        ComPtr<IPropertyBag2> props;
        hr = encoder->CreateNewFrame( frame.GetAddressOf(), props.GetAddressOf() );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;

        if ( setCustomProps )
        {
            setCustomProps( props.Get() );
        }

        hr = _EncodeImage( images[index], flags, containerFormat, frame.Get(), props.Get(), targetFormat );
        if ( FAILED(hr) )
            return hr;
    }

    hr = encoder->Commit();
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}


//=====================================================================================
// Entry-points
//=====================================================================================

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Obtain metadata from WIC-supported file in memory
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT GetMetadataFromWICMemory( LPCVOID pSource, size_t size, DWORD flags, TexMetadata& metadata )
{
    if ( !pSource || size == 0 )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

#ifdef _M_X64
    if ( size > 0xFFFFFFFF )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_FILE_TOO_LARGE );
#endif

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    // Create input stream for memory
    ComPtr<IWICStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = stream->InitializeFromMemory( reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>( const_cast<void*>( pSource ) ),
                                       static_cast<UINT>( size ) );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromStream( stream.Get(), 0, WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand, decoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame( 0, frame.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Get metadata
    hr = _DecodeMetadata( flags, iswic2, decoder.Get(), frame.Get(), metadata, 0 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Obtain metadata from WIC-supported file on disk
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT GetMetadataFromWICFile( LPCWSTR szFile, DWORD flags, TexMetadata& metadata )
{
    if ( !szFile )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    
    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromFilename( szFile, 0, GENERIC_READ, WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand, decoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame( 0, frame.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Get metadata
    hr = _DecodeMetadata( flags, iswic2, decoder.Get(), frame.Get(), metadata, 0 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Load a WIC-supported file in memory
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT LoadFromWICMemory( LPCVOID pSource, size_t size, DWORD flags, TexMetadata* metadata, ScratchImage& image )
{
    if ( !pSource || size == 0 )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

#ifdef _M_X64
    if ( size > 0xFFFFFFFF )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_FILE_TOO_LARGE );
#endif

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    image.Release();

    // Create input stream for memory
    ComPtr<IWICStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = stream->InitializeFromMemory( reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>( const_cast<void*>( pSource ) ), static_cast<DWORD>( size ) );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromStream( stream.Get(), 0, WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand, decoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame( 0, frame.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Get metadata
    TexMetadata mdata;
    WICPixelFormatGUID convertGUID = {0};
    hr = _DecodeMetadata( flags, iswic2, decoder.Get(), frame.Get(), mdata, &convertGUID );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( (mdata.arraySize > 1) && (flags & WIC_FLAGS_ALL_FRAMES) )
    {
        hr = _DecodeMultiframe( flags, mdata, decoder.Get(), image );
    }
    else
    {
        hr = _DecodeSingleFrame( flags, mdata, convertGUID, frame.Get(), image );
    }

    if ( FAILED(hr) )
    {
        image.Release();
        return hr;
    }

    if ( metadata )
        memcpy( metadata, &mdata, sizeof(TexMetadata) );

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Load a WIC-supported file from disk
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT LoadFromWICFile( LPCWSTR szFile, DWORD flags, TexMetadata* metadata, ScratchImage& image )
{
    if ( !szFile )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    
    image.Release();

    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromFilename( szFile, 0, GENERIC_READ, WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand, decoder.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame( 0, frame.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Get metadata
    TexMetadata mdata;
    WICPixelFormatGUID convertGUID = {0};
    hr = _DecodeMetadata( flags, iswic2, decoder.Get(), frame.Get(), mdata, &convertGUID );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( (mdata.arraySize > 1) && (flags & WIC_FLAGS_ALL_FRAMES) )
    {
        hr = _DecodeMultiframe( flags, mdata, decoder.Get(), image );
    }
    else
    {
        hr = _DecodeSingleFrame( flags, mdata, convertGUID, frame.Get(), image );
    }

    if ( FAILED(hr) )
    {
        image.Release();
        return hr;
    }

    if ( metadata )
        memcpy( metadata, &mdata, sizeof(TexMetadata) );

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Save a WIC-supported file to memory
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT SaveToWICMemory( const Image& image, DWORD flags, REFGUID containerFormat, Blob& blob,
                         const GUID* targetFormat, std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !image.pixels )
        return E_POINTER;

    blob.Release();

    ComPtr<IStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = CreateMemoryStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = _EncodeSingleFrame( image, flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Copy stream data into blob
    STATSTG stat;
    hr = stream->Stat( &stat, STATFLAG_NONAME );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( stat.cbSize.HighPart > 0 )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_FILE_TOO_LARGE );

    hr = blob.Initialize( stat.cbSize.LowPart );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    LARGE_INTEGER li = { 0 };
    hr = stream->Seek( li, STREAM_SEEK_SET, 0 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    DWORD bytesRead;
    hr = stream->Read( blob.GetBufferPointer(), static_cast<ULONG>( blob.GetBufferSize() ), &bytesRead );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( bytesRead != blob.GetBufferSize() )
        return E_FAIL;

    return S_OK;
}

_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT SaveToWICMemory( const Image* images, size_t nimages, DWORD flags, REFGUID containerFormat, Blob& blob,
                         const GUID* targetFormat, std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !images || nimages == 0 )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    blob.Release();

    ComPtr<IStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = CreateMemoryStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( nimages > 1 )
        hr = _EncodeMultiframe( images, nimages, flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );
    else
        hr = _EncodeSingleFrame( images[0], flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );

    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    // Copy stream data into blob
    STATSTG stat;
    hr = stream->Stat( &stat, STATFLAG_NONAME );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( stat.cbSize.HighPart > 0 )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_FILE_TOO_LARGE );

    hr = blob.Initialize( stat.cbSize.LowPart );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    LARGE_INTEGER li = { 0 };
    hr = stream->Seek( li, STREAM_SEEK_SET, 0 );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    DWORD bytesRead;
    hr = stream->Read( blob.GetBufferPointer(), static_cast<ULONG>( blob.GetBufferSize() ), &bytesRead );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( bytesRead != blob.GetBufferSize() )
        return E_FAIL;

    return S_OK;
}


//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Save a WIC-supported file to disk
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT SaveToWICFile( const Image& image, DWORD flags, REFGUID containerFormat, LPCWSTR szFile,
                       const GUID* targetFormat, std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !szFile )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    if ( !image.pixels )
        return E_POINTER;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    ComPtr<IWICStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = stream->InitializeFromFilename( szFile, GENERIC_WRITE );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = _EncodeSingleFrame( image, flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}

_Use_decl_annotations_
HRESULT SaveToWICFile( const Image* images, size_t nimages, DWORD flags, REFGUID containerFormat, LPCWSTR szFile, const GUID* targetFormat,
                       std::function<void(IPropertyBag2*)> setCustomProps )
{
    if ( !szFile || !images || nimages == 0 )
        return E_INVALIDARG;

    bool iswic2 = false;
    IWICImagingFactory* pWIC = GetWICFactory(iswic2);
    if ( !pWIC )
        return E_NOINTERFACE;

    ComPtr<IWICStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateStream( stream.GetAddressOf() );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    hr = stream->InitializeFromFilename( szFile, GENERIC_WRITE );
    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    if ( nimages > 1 )
        hr = _EncodeMultiframe( images, nimages, flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );
    else
        hr = _EncodeSingleFrame( images[0], flags, containerFormat, stream.Get(), targetFormat, setCustomProps );

    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return hr;

    return S_OK;
}

}; // namespace