219 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
219 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
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===================================================
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[](https://travis-ci.org/google/protobuf) [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/protobuf/protobuf)
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Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
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https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
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C++ Installation - Unix
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-----------------------
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To build protobuf from source, the following tools are needed:
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* autoconf
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* automake
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* libtool
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* curl (used to download gmock)
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On Ubuntu, you can install them with:
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$ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool curl
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On other platforms, please use the corresponding package managing tool to
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install them before proceeding.
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If you get the source from github, you need to generate the configure script
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first:
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$ ./autogen.sh
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This will download gmock source (which is used for C++ Protocol Buffer
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unit-tests) to the current directory and run automake, autoconf, etc.
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to generate the configure script and various template makefiles.
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You can skip this step if you are using a release package (which already
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contains gmock and the configure script).
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To build and install the C++ Protocol Buffer runtime and the Protocol
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Buffer compiler (protoc) execute the following:
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$ ./configure
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$ make
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$ make check
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$ sudo make install
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$ sudo ldconfig # refresh shared library cache.
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If "make check" fails, you can still install, but it is likely that
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some features of this library will not work correctly on your system.
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Proceed at your own risk.
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For advanced usage information on configure and make, please refer to the
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autoconf documentation:
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http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf.html#Running-configure-Scripts
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**Hint on install location**
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By default, the package will be installed to /usr/local. However,
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on many platforms, /usr/local/lib is not part of LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
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You can add it, but it may be easier to just install to /usr
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instead. To do this, invoke configure as follows:
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./configure --prefix=/usr
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If you already built the package with a different prefix, make sure
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to run "make clean" before building again.
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**Compiling dependent packages**
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To compile a package that uses Protocol Buffers, you need to pass
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various flags to your compiler and linker. As of version 2.2.0,
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Protocol Buffers integrates with pkg-config to manage this. If you
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have pkg-config installed, then you can invoke it to get a list of
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flags like so:
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pkg-config --cflags protobuf # print compiler flags
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pkg-config --libs protobuf # print linker flags
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pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf # print both
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For example:
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c++ my_program.cc my_proto.pb.cc `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf`
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Note that packages written prior to the 2.2.0 release of Protocol
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Buffers may not yet integrate with pkg-config to get flags, and may
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not pass the correct set of flags to correctly link against
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libprotobuf. If the package in question uses autoconf, you can
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often fix the problem by invoking its configure script like:
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configure CXXFLAGS="$(pkg-config --cflags protobuf)" \
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LIBS="$(pkg-config --libs protobuf)"
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This will force it to use the correct flags.
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If you are writing an autoconf-based package that uses Protocol
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Buffers, you should probably use the PKG_CHECK_MODULES macro in your
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configure script like:
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PKG_CHECK_MODULES([protobuf], [protobuf])
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See the pkg-config man page for more info.
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If you only want protobuf-lite, substitute "protobuf-lite" in place
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of "protobuf" in these examples.
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**Note for Mac users**
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For a Mac system, Unix tools are not available by default. You will first need
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to install Xcode from the Mac AppStore and then run the following command from
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a terminal:
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$ sudo xcode-select --install
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To install Unix tools, you can install "port" following the instructions at
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https://www.macports.org . This will reside in /opt/local/bin/port for most
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Mac installations.
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$ sudo /opt/local/bin/port install autoconf automake libtool
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Then follow the Unix instructions above.
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**Note for cross-compiling**
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The makefiles normally invoke the protoc executable that they just
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built in order to build tests. When cross-compiling, the protoc
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executable may not be executable on the host machine. In this case,
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you must build a copy of protoc for the host machine first, then use
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the --with-protoc option to tell configure to use it instead. For
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example:
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./configure --with-protoc=protoc
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This will use the installed protoc (found in your $PATH) instead of
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trying to execute the one built during the build process. You can
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also use an executable that hasn't been installed. For example, if
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you built the protobuf package for your host machine in ../host,
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you might do:
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./configure --with-protoc=../host/src/protoc
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Either way, you must make sure that the protoc executable you use
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has the same version as the protobuf source code you are trying to
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use it with.
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**Note for Solaris users**
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Solaris 10 x86 has a bug that will make linking fail, complaining
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about libstdc++.la being invalid. We have included a work-around
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in this package. To use the work-around, run configure as follows:
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./configure LDFLAGS=-L$PWD/src/solaris
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See src/solaris/libstdc++.la for more info on this bug.
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**Note for HP C++ Tru64 users**
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To compile invoke configure as follows:
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./configure CXXFLAGS="-O -std ansi -ieee -D__USE_STD_IOSTREAM"
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Also, you will need to use gmake instead of make.
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**Note for AIX users**
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Compile using the IBM xlC C++ compiler as follows:
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./configure CXX=xlC
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Also, you will need to use GNU `make` (`gmake`) instead of AIX `make`.
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C++ Installation - Windows
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--------------------------
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If you only need the protoc binary, you can download it from the release
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page:
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https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases
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In the downloads section, download the zip file protoc-$VERSION-win32.zip.
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It contains the protoc binary as well as public proto files of protobuf
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library.
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To build from source using Microsoft Visual C++, see cmake/README.md.
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To build from source using Cygwin or MinGW, follow the Unix installation
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instructions, above.
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Binary Compatibility Warning
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----------------------------
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Due to the nature of C++, it is unlikely that any two versions of the
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Protocol Buffers C++ runtime libraries will have compatible ABIs.
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That is, if you linked an executable against an older version of
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libprotobuf, it is unlikely to work with a newer version without
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re-compiling. This problem, when it occurs, will normally be detected
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immediately on startup of your app. Still, you may want to consider
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using static linkage. You can configure this package to install
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static libraries only using:
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./configure --disable-shared
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Java and Python Installation
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----------------------------
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The Java and Python runtime libraries for Protocol Buffers are located
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in the java and python directories. See the README file in each
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directory for more information on how to compile and install them.
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Note that both of them require you to first install the Protocol
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Buffer compiler (protoc), which is part of the C++ package.
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Usage
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-----
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The complete documentation for Protocol Buffers is available via the
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web at:
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https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
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