ICU-557 move string sample code here from the User Guide, and improve it
X-SVN-Rev: 10645
This commit is contained in:
Markus Scherer
parent
cab8c668e8
commit
fb67a77d12
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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/*
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*******************************************************************************
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2000, International Business Machines
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* Copyright (C) 2000-2002, International Business Machines
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* Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
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*
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*******************************************************************************
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@ -19,21 +19,76 @@
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include "unicode/utypes.h"
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#include "unicode/uchar.h"
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#include "unicode/locid.h"
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#include "unicode/ustring.h"
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#include "unicode/ucnv.h"
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#include "unicode/unistr.h"
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// helper function --------------------------------------------------------- ***
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#define LENGTHOF(array) (sizeof(array)/sizeof((array)[0]))
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// helper functions -------------------------------------------------------- ***
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// default converter for the platform encoding
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static UConverter *cnv=NULL;
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static void
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printUnicodeString(const UnicodeString &s) {
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printUString(const char *announce, const UChar *s, int32_t length) {
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static char out[200];
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UChar32 c;
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int32_t i;
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UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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/*
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* Convert to the "platform encoding". See notes in printUnicodeString().
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* ucnv_fromUChars(), like most ICU APIs understands length==-1
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* to mean that the string is NUL-terminated.
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*/
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ucnv_fromUChars(cnv, out, sizeof(out), s, length, &errorCode);
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if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || errorCode==U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING) {
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printf("%sproblem converting string from Unicode: %s\n", announce, u_errorName(errorCode));
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return;
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}
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printf("%s%s {", announce, out);
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/* output the code points (not code units) */
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if(length>=0) {
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/* s is not NUL-terminated */
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for(i=0; i<length; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c);
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printf(" %04x", c);
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}
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} else {
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/* s is NUL-terminated */
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for(i=0; /* condition in loop body */; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c);
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if(c==0) {
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break;
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}
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printf(" %04x", c);
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}
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}
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printf(" }\n");
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}
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static void
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printUnicodeString(const char *announce, const UnicodeString &s) {
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static char out[200];
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int32_t i, length;
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// output the string, converted to the platform encoding
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out[s.extract(0, 99, out)]=0;
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printf("%s {", out);
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// output the code units
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// Note for Windows: The "platform encoding" defaults to the "ANSI codepage",
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// which is different from the "OEM codepage" in the console window.
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// However, if you pipe the output into a file and look at it with Notepad
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// or similar, then "ANSI" characters will show correctly.
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// Production code should be aware of what encoding is required,
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// and use a UConverter or at least a charset name explicitly.
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out[s.extract(0, 99, out)]=0;
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printf("%s%s {", announce, out);
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// output the code units (not code points)
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length=s.length();
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for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
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printf(" %04x", s.charAt(i));
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@ -41,25 +96,328 @@ printUnicodeString(const UnicodeString &s) {
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printf(" }\n");
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}
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// sample code for storage models ------------------------------------------ ***
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// sample code for utf.h macros -------------------------------------------- ***
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#define LENGTHOF(array) (sizeof(array)/sizeof((array)[0]))
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static void
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demo_utf_h_macros() {
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static UChar input[]={ 0x0061, 0xd800, 0xdc00, 0xdbff, 0xdfff, 0x0062 };
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UChar32 c;
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int32_t i;
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UBool isError;
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printf("\n* demo_utf_h_macros() -------------- ***\n\n");
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printUString("iterate forward through: ", input, LENGTHOF(input));
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for(i=0; i<LENGTHOF(input); /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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/* Iterating forwards
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Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061
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Codepoint at offset 1: U+10000
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Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff
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Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062
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*/
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printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+", i);
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U16_NEXT(input, i, LENGTHOF(input), c);
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printf("%04x\n", c);
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}
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puts("");
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isError=FALSE;
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i=1; /* write position, gets post-incremented so needs to be in an l-value */
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U16_APPEND(input, i, LENGTHOF(input), 0x0062, isError);
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printUString("iterate backward through: ", input, LENGTHOF(input));
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for(i=LENGTHOF(input); i>0; /* U16_PREV pre-decrements */) {
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U16_PREV(input, 0, i, c);
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/* Iterating backwards
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Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062
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Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff
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Codepoint at offset 2: U+dc00 -- unpaired surrogate because lead surr. overwritten
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Codepoint at offset 1: U+0062 -- by this BMP code point
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Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061
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*/
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printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+%04x\n", i, c);
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}
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}
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// sample code for Unicode strings in C ------------------------------------ ***
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static void demo_C_Unicode_strings() {
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printf("\n* demo_C_Unicode_strings() --------- ***\n\n");
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static const UChar text[]={ 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0 }; /* "ABC" */
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static const UChar appendText[]={ 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0 }; /* "abc" */
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static const UChar cmpText[]={ 0x61, 0x53, 0x73, 0x43, 0 }; /* "aSsC" */
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UChar buffer[32];
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int32_t compare;
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int32_t length=u_strlen(text); /* length=3 */
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/* simple ANSI C-style functions */
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buffer[0]=0; /* empty, NUL-terminated string */
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u_strncat(buffer, text, 1); /* append just n=1 character ('A') */
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u_strcat(buffer, appendText); /* buffer=="Aabc" */
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length=u_strlen(buffer); /* length=4 */
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printUString("should be \"Aabc\": ", buffer, -1);
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/* bitwise comparing buffer with text */
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compare=u_strcmp(buffer, text);
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if(compare<=0) {
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printf("String comparison error, expected \"Aabc\" > \"ABC\"\n");
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}
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/* Build "A<sharp s>C" in the buffer... */
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u_strcpy(buffer, text);
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buffer[1]=0xdf; /* sharp s, case-compares equal to "ss" */
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printUString("should be \"A<sharp s>C\": ", buffer, -1);
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/* Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding */
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compare=u_strcasecmp(buffer, cmpText, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
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if(compare!=0) {
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printf("String case insensitive comparison error, expected \"AbC\" to be equal to \"ABC\"\n");
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}
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}
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// sample code for case mappings with C APIs -------------------------------- ***
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static void demoCaseMapInC() {
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/*
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* input=
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* "aB<capital sigma>"
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* "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> "
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* "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>"
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* "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>"
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*/
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static const UChar input[]={
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0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3,
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0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20,
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0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03,
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0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0
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};
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UChar buffer[32];
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UErrorCode errorCode;
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UChar32 c;
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int32_t i, j, length;
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UBool isError;
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printf("\n* demoCaseMapInC() ----------------- ***\n\n");
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/*
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* First, use simple case mapping functions which provide
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* 1:1 code point mappings without context/locale ID.
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*
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* Note that some mappings will not be "right" because some "real"
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* case mappings require context, depend on the locale ID,
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* and/or result in a change in the number of code points.
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*/
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printUString("input string: ", input, -1);
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/* uppercase */
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isError=FALSE;
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for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */
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if(c==0) {
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break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */
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}
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c=u_toupper(c);
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U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError);
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}
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printUString("simple-uppercased: ", buffer, j);
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/* lowercase */
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isError=FALSE;
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for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */
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if(c==0) {
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break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */
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}
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c=u_tolower(c);
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U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError);
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}
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printUString("simple-lowercased: ", buffer, j);
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/* titlecase */
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isError=FALSE;
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for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */
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if(c==0) {
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break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */
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}
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c=u_totitle(c);
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U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError);
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}
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printUString("simple-titlecased: ", buffer, j);
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/* case-fold/default */
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isError=FALSE;
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for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */
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if(c==0) {
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break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */
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}
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c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
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U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError);
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}
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printUString("simple-case-folded/default: ", buffer, j);
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/* case-fold/Turkic */
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isError=FALSE;
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for(i=j=0; j<LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) {
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U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */
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if(c==0) {
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break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */
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}
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c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I);
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U16_APPEND(buffer, j, LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError);
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}
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printUString("simple-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, j);
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/*
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* Second, use full case mapping functions which provide
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* 1:n code point mappings (n can be 0!) and are sensitive to context and locale ID.
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*
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* Note that lower/upper/titlecasing take a locale ID while case-folding
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* has bit flag options instead, by design of the Unicode SpecialCasing.txt UCD file.
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*
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* Also, string titlecasing requires a BreakIterator to find starts of words.
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* The sample code here passes in a NULL pointer; u_strToTitle() will open and close a default
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* titlecasing BreakIterator automatically.
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* For production code where many strings are titlecased it would be more efficient
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* to open a BreakIterator externally and pass it in.
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*/
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printUString("\ninput string: ", input, -1);
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/* lowercase/English */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToLower(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-lowercased/en: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToLower(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* lowercase/Turkish */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToLower(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-lowercased/tr: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToLower(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* uppercase/English */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToUpper(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-uppercased/en: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToUpper(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* uppercase/Turkish */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToUpper(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-uppercased/tr: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToUpper(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* titlecase/English */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToTitle(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "en", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-titlecased/en: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToTitle(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* titlecase/Turkish */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strToTitle(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "tr", &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-titlecased/tr: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strToTitle(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* case-fold/default */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-case-folded/default: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strFoldCase(default)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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/* case-fold/Turkic */
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errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
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length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I, &errorCode);
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if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
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printUString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, length);
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} else {
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printf("error in u_strFoldCase(Turkic)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode));
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}
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}
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// sample code for case mappings with C++ APIs ------------------------------ ***
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static void demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() {
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/*
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* input=
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* "aB<capital sigma>"
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* "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> "
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* "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>"
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* "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>"
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*/
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static const UChar input[]={
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0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3,
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0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20,
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0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03,
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0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0
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};
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printf("\n* demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() --------- ***\n\n");
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UnicodeString s(input), t;
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const Locale &en=Locale::getEnglish();
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Locale tr("tr");
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/*
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* Full case mappings as in demoCaseMapInC(), using UnicodeString functions.
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* These functions modify the string object itself.
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* Since we want to keep the input string around, we copy it each time
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* and case-map the copy.
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*/
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printUnicodeString("input string: ", s);
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/* lowercase/English */
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printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/en: ", (t=s).toLower(en));
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/* lowercase/Turkish */
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printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/tr: ", (t=s).toLower(tr));
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/* uppercase/English */
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printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/en: ", (t=s).toUpper(en));
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/* uppercase/Turkish */
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printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/tr: ", (t=s).toUpper(tr));
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/* titlecase/English */
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printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/en: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, en));
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/* titlecase/Turkish */
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printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/tr: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, tr));
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/* case-folde/default */
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printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/default: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT));
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/* case-folde/Turkic */
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printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I));
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}
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// sample code for UnicodeString storage models ----------------------------- ***
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static const UChar readonly[]={
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0x61, 0x31, 0x20ac
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};
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static UChar writeable[]={
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0x62, 0x32, 0xdbc0, 0xdc01
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0x62, 0x32, 0xdbc0, 0xdc01 // includes a surrogate pair for a supplementary code point
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};
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static char out[100];
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static void
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demoStorage() {
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demoUnicodeStringStorage() {
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// These sample code lines illustrate how to use UnicodeString, and the
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// comments tell what happens internally. There are no APIs to observe
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// most of this programmatically, except for stepping into the code
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// with a debugger.
|
||||
// This is by design to hide such details from the user.
|
||||
int32_t i;
|
||||
|
||||
printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringStorage() ------- ***\n\n");
|
||||
|
||||
// * UnicodeString with internally stored contents
|
||||
// instantiate a UnicodeString from a single code point
|
||||
@ -69,6 +427,7 @@ demoStorage() {
|
||||
UnicodeString two=one;
|
||||
printf("length of short string copy: %d\n", two.length());
|
||||
// set "one" to contain the 3 UChars from readonly
|
||||
// this setTo() variant copies the characters
|
||||
one.setTo(readonly, LENGTHOF(readonly));
|
||||
|
||||
// * UnicodeString with allocated contents
|
||||
@ -85,15 +444,11 @@ demoStorage() {
|
||||
// * UnicodeString using readonly-alias to a const UChar array
|
||||
// construct a string that aliases a readonly buffer
|
||||
UnicodeString three(FALSE, readonly, LENGTHOF(readonly));
|
||||
int32_t i;
|
||||
for(i=0; i<three.length(); ++i) {
|
||||
printf("readonly-alias string[%d]=0x%lx\n", i, three.charAt(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
printUnicodeString("readonly-alias string: ", three);
|
||||
// copy-on-write: any modification to the string results in
|
||||
// a copy to either the internal buffer or to a newly allocated one
|
||||
three.setCharAt(1, 0x39);
|
||||
out[three.extract(0, 99, out)]=0;
|
||||
printf("readonly-aliasing string after modification: %s\n", out);
|
||||
printUnicodeString("readonly-aliasing string after modification: ", three);
|
||||
// the aliased array is not modified
|
||||
for(i=0; i<three.length(); ++i) {
|
||||
printf("readonly buffer[%d] after modifying its string: 0x%lx\n",
|
||||
@ -101,16 +456,20 @@ demoStorage() {
|
||||
}
|
||||
// setTo() readonly alias
|
||||
one.setTo(FALSE, writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable));
|
||||
// copying the readonly-alias object will readonly-alias the same buffer
|
||||
// copying the readonly-alias object with fastCopyFrom() (new in ICU 2.4)
|
||||
// will readonly-alias the same buffer
|
||||
two.fastCopyFrom(one);
|
||||
printUnicodeString("fastCopyFrom(readonly alias of \"writeable\" array): ", two);
|
||||
printf("verify that a fastCopyFrom(readonly alias) uses the same buffer pointer: %d (should be 1)\n",
|
||||
one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer());
|
||||
// a normal assignment will clone the contents (new in ICU 2.4)
|
||||
two=one;
|
||||
out[two.extract(0, 99, out)]=0;
|
||||
printf("copy of readonly-alias string of \"writeable\" array: %s\n", out);
|
||||
printf("verify that a regular copy of a readonly alias uses a different buffer pointer: %d (should be 0)\n",
|
||||
one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer());
|
||||
|
||||
// * UnicodeString using writeable-alias to a non-const UChar array
|
||||
UnicodeString four(writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable), LENGTHOF(writeable));
|
||||
for(i=0; i<four.length(); ++i) {
|
||||
printf("writeable-alias string[%d]=0x%lx\n", i, four.charAt(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
printUnicodeString("writeable-alias string: ", four);
|
||||
// a modification writes through to the buffer
|
||||
four.setCharAt(1, 0x39);
|
||||
for(i=0; i<four.length(); ++i) {
|
||||
@ -125,7 +484,7 @@ demoStorage() {
|
||||
printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx after "
|
||||
"modification of string copy\n", i, writeable[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// setTo() writeable alias
|
||||
// setTo() writeable alias, capacity==length
|
||||
one.setTo(writeable, LENGTHOF(writeable), LENGTHOF(writeable));
|
||||
// grow the string - it will not fit into the backing buffer any more
|
||||
// and will get copied before modification
|
||||
@ -152,10 +511,16 @@ demoStorage() {
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// sample code for instantiating Unicode strings --------------------------- ***
|
||||
// sample code for UnicodeString instantiations ----------------------------- ***
|
||||
|
||||
static void
|
||||
initString() {
|
||||
demoUnicodeStringInit() {
|
||||
// *** Make sure to read about invariant characters in utypes.h! ***
|
||||
// Initialization of Unicode strings from C literals works _only_ for
|
||||
// invariant characters!
|
||||
|
||||
printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringInit() ---------- ***\n\n");
|
||||
|
||||
// the string literal is 32 chars long - this must be counted for the macro
|
||||
UnicodeString invariantOnly=UNICODE_STRING("such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32);
|
||||
|
||||
@ -193,8 +558,7 @@ initString() {
|
||||
UnicodeString german=UNICODE_STRING(
|
||||
"Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n", 64).
|
||||
unescape();
|
||||
printf("german UnicodeString from unescaping:\n ");
|
||||
printUnicodeString(german);
|
||||
printUnicodeString("german UnicodeString from unescaping:\n ", german);
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* C: convert and unescape a char * string with only invariant
|
||||
@ -206,13 +570,40 @@ initString() {
|
||||
"Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n",
|
||||
buffer, LENGTHOF(buffer));
|
||||
printf("german C Unicode string from char * unescaping: (length %d)\n ", length);
|
||||
printUnicodeString(UnicodeString(buffer));
|
||||
printUnicodeString("", UnicodeString(buffer));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
extern int
|
||||
main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
|
||||
demoStorage();
|
||||
initString();
|
||||
UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
|
||||
|
||||
// Note: Using a global variable for any object is not exactly thread-safe...
|
||||
|
||||
// You can change this call to e.g. ucnv_open("UTF-8", &errorCode) if you pipe
|
||||
// the output to a file and look at it with a Unicode-capable editor.
|
||||
// This will currently affect only the printUString() function, see the code above.
|
||||
// printUnicodeString() could use this, too, by changing to an extract() overload
|
||||
// that takes a UConverter argument.
|
||||
cnv=ucnv_open(NULL, &errorCode);
|
||||
if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
|
||||
fprintf(stderr, "error %s opening the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
|
||||
return errorCode;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
ucnv_setFromUCallBack(cnv, UCNV_FROM_U_CALLBACK_ESCAPE, UCNV_ESCAPE_C, NULL, NULL, &errorCode);
|
||||
if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
|
||||
fprintf(stderr, "error %s setting the escape callback in the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
|
||||
ucnv_close(cnv);
|
||||
return errorCode;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
demo_utf_h_macros();
|
||||
demo_C_Unicode_strings();
|
||||
demoCaseMapInC();
|
||||
demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus();
|
||||
demoUnicodeStringStorage();
|
||||
demoUnicodeStringInit();
|
||||
|
||||
ucnv_close(cnv);
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user